According to the information released by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the current acute respiratory illness is dominated by influenza viruses, and influenza activity is now at a high level. There are also a small number of children who are repeatedly infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza within a month or two, and experts believe that this situation is related to the children's weak immunity and improper care. Experts recommend that if a child has the flu, they should isolate at home for a week before returning to school after the fever has subsided. In this way, the child can get enough rest and the risk of subsequent recurrence or cross-infection is reduced. At the same time, it also helps to reduce the spread of pathogens.
Smell and sing. Recently, the number of children with fever in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Chengdu and other places has increased again. According to a local ** report in Ningbo, the fever clinic of Hangzhou Children's Hospital has maintained a high level of operation, with an average daily volume of more than 1,000. Many of these infected children have influenza A and B.
Peng Zhibin, director of the Department of Respiratory Infectious Diseases of the Department of Infectious Disease Management of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said at a press conference held by the National Health Commission on December 24 last year that overall, the current acute respiratory diseases are dominated by influenza viruses, influenza activity is now at a high level, and a variety of other pathogens are in a common epidemic situation.
Vaccination is effective in preventing influenza in infants and young children
Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which is prone to mutation and can be divided into four types: A, B, C, and D.
According to the information recently released by the Women's and Children's Center of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the difference between the symptoms of influenza and the common cold is actually quite obvious: the common cold often has a prelude, such as sneezing, nasal congestion, cough, runny nose and other early symptoms, and slowly reappears fever. However, the onset of influenza is acute and changes rapidly, and the body temperature may rise rapidly within a few hours to 24 hours, accompanied by headache, body aches, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Infants and young children are at high risk of influenza, and some infants and young children may develop serious complications such as pneumonia.
Preventing your baby from getting the flu requires a number of measures, including vaccinationsAvoid contact with sources of infection;Develop good habits;Enhance the body's immunity, etc. Through the combined application of these measures, the risk of influenza in your baby can be effectively reduced. Among them, vaccination is an effective means of preventing influenza. "The Women's and Children's Center of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has given recommendations for infants and young children to receive influenza vaccination: priority is given to children aged 6 months and 5 years old and patients with specific chronic diseases to be vaccinated against influenza before the flu season;Vaccinations are recommended for family members and caregivers of infants under 6 months of age. It can be vaccinated throughout the epidemic season.
Experts specifically put forward the contraindications of influenza vaccination in infants and young children, and parents need to pay attention: those who are allergic to any of the ingredients contained in the vaccine or who have a history of severe allergy to any kind of influenza vaccination are prohibited from vaccination. In addition, infants and young children with acute illnesses, severe chronic diseases, or acute attacks of chronic diseases, as well as infants and young children with fever, are recommended to be vaccinated until they have recovered or stabilized.
To prevent respiratory virus infections in infants and young children, home protection is an important link
Infants and young children are the key population for the prevention of respiratory virus infections. Infants and young children, especially all infants under 12 months of age, should be actively intervened and protected. The recommendations for family prevention recommended by the Center for Women and Children of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention are as follows:
1.People who come into direct contact with infants and young children should clean their hands before and after contact, and wash their hands frequently with soap, hand sanitizer, or hand sanitizer
2.Practice good hygiene, such as covering your mouth and nose with a tissue or towel when coughing or sneezing
3.Frequent ventilation of the home should be carried out to reduce indoor air pollution;
4.Ensure balanced nutrition and proper physical exercise;
5.After returning home from work, shopping, etc., guardians should first wash their arms, face, nose and lips, neck and other exposed parts, and change their outer clothes before coming into contact with their children to cut off possible transmission routes and reduce the chance of possible infection. If the parents have been infected, they should do a good job of isolation and protection in the home, and ventilate the room frequently.
The CDC recommends disinfection methods for influenza viruses: influenza viruses can be inactivated with ionic surfactants (such as soap, hand sanitizer, etc.), non-ionic surfactants, chlorinating agents (such as 84 disinfectant) or organic solvents (such as 75% alcohol), or by ultraviolet irradiation and heating.
Do a good job of home monitoring to prevent the baby's condition from becoming seriously ill
For babies who have been infected, experts recommend monitoring the following aspects at home:
Symptom monitoring: including measuring body temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, etc. If your baby has a fever of more than 385. If the duration is more than 3 days, the respiratory rate exceeds 24 times per minute, the chest tightness and breathlessness cannot be relieved, and the cough is accompanied by chest pain, purulent sputum and bloody sputum, etc., you should seek medical attention in time. Ongoing temperature monitoring can help assess changes in your condition and determine if there is a need for further medical attention. The body temperature is measured once a day in the morning and once in the evening, and the mercury thermometer can be measured for at least 5 minutes, and the electronic thermometer can be used to measure 2 times in a row to obtain a stable body temperature value.
Finger oxygen saturation monitoring: If you have a digital pulse oximeter at home, you can monitor your finger oxygen saturation by yourself. Oxygen monitoring should be done at calm and after activity. Hands should be warm during the test, and the results of the blood oxygen test should be inaccurate when the fingers are cold. Blood oxygen testing should be done 2 to 3 times a day, and it can be tested at any time when the condition changes. If oxygen saturation persistently falls below 93%, immediate medical attention is recommended.
Pathogen detection: You can use the new coronavirus, influenza virus, and mycoplasma physical examination test agent for antigen detection by yourself, and the test results need to be combined with clinical indications, and you can consult your doctor for details. At present, commonly used kits include: novel coronavirus antigen detection kit, influenza A and B virus antigen detection kit, Mycoplasma pneumoniae rapid test kit, etc.
Monitoring of original underlying diseases: Some respiratory tract infections can lead to the instability of the original underlying diseases, and it is necessary to pay attention to whether the symptoms of the baby's underlying diseases are aggravated, and the monitoring of blood pressure, blood sugar, urine output, weight, etc. can be strengthened.
Proper exercise can prevent respiratory tract infections
According to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics' "Family Health Care Recommendations for Children with High Incidence of Respiratory Tract Infections", strengthening exercise at ordinary times is conducive to improving children's physical fitness and preventing the occurrence of respiratory tract infectionsModerate exercise for children with respiratory diseases** can help the body recover.
The above recommendations emphasize that children of all ages should meet the minimum daily physical activity requirement.
Infants and toddlers under 3 years of age: Exercise should be carried out in a variety of forms, including activities of different exercise intensities, so that the body is in an active state every day.
3 Preschool children aged 6 years: The total time spent in physical activity should be at least 180 minutes per day. Among them, at least 60 minutes of moderate-intensity and above exercise time per day. Exercise methods include brisk walking, running and jumping games, skipping rope, kicking a ball, etc.
6 Children and adolescents aged 17 years: Accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity per day, including at least 3 days of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week. Exercise can be done by running fast, playing ball, kicking a ball, or riding a bike quickly. At the same time, children at this age should also carry out resistance activities to strengthen muscle strength and bone health, avoid sitting for long periods of time, and exercise appropriately between schoolwork.
Children and adolescents are encouraged to exercise in climates with fresh air and plenty of natural light. During the epidemic of respiratory diseases, outdoor activities should be carried out in places with few people, and masks should not be worn during strenuous exercise.
However, parents should pay special attention to the fact that the child is in the period of acute infection, so he should exercise less and rest more. Respiratory infections not only affect the respiratory system, but also have a negative impact on the overall health of children. Children and adolescents in the acute infection period are not recommended to exercise and should try to rest and ensure sufficient sleep time.
In the first period, the exercise intensity of the baby is appropriately reduced. Compared with the normal state, the exercise time should be shortened (5 10 minutes each time), the exercise intensity should be reduced, and the low-intensity exercise (such as walking) should be appropriate, and the recurrence of the disease caused by strenuous exercise and going out to play should be avoided. It should be noted that children should not dress too much, but not too little, so as to keep their hands warm and sweat-free in a quiet state. Children can do a moderate amount of outdoor physical activity in sunny and sunny weather, and avoid staying outside for long periods of time in windy and snowy weather.
In a few days, students will have winter vacation, and some experts say that the peak of this wave may not slow down until the children are on winter vacation and no longer gather. Parents must persevere and lead their children through this hurdle through scientific coping methods. I believe that when the spring flowers bloom, all the gloom will eventually dissipate.