Before planning a self-built house in a rural area, the first step is to design the overall layout according to the specific shape and topography characteristics of the homestead, and clarify the orientation of the house and the division of different functional areas.
Next, a wedge or white lime can be used to mark the general outline of the foundation in preparation for subsequent construction.
Once the foundation boundaries have been determined, the ground needs to be dug deep, usually to a depth of about one meter; If the homestead is close to a river or the soil is soft, it is necessary to dig deeper into the solid soil.
This is followed by the use of mechanical equipment along the trenches in the foundation, which is crucial because a solid foundation is the key to ensuring the structural stability and safety of the house.
In order to enhance the stability of the foundation, reinforced concrete is generally used as the basic structure material, which is not only convenient for construction and operation, but also can effectively ensure the safety and durability of the house. At the same time, it is important to set up and reinforce the ground beams at the bottom of the foundation to carry the load of the entire building.
The laying off of the foundation of self-built houses in rural areas usually involves positioning surveys. The tools needed include 50 and 5 metre long steel tape measures, spirit levels, plastic water pipes, cords, ash powder and wooden wedges.
After setting the building positioning pile, professional surveyors, project leaders and supervisors work together to complete the accurate pay-off and repeated verification of the foundation works. Refer to the positioning pile and the construction drawings of the underlying building given by the planning department for pay-off operation.
After the pay-off, according to the positioned axis datum, the surveyor and construction personnel demarcate the edge line of the foundation, and start the foundation excavation. To prevent mismovement, the positioning piles of the foundation axis should be extended to the perimeter permanent buildings or fixed references.
When the construction of the foundation project reaches the plus or minus zero elevation, the construction of the main structure of the first floor, the second floor and the capping will be carried out in order and the pay-off work of each layer will be carried out. According to the axis positioning pile and the drawn axis baseline, the axis is drawn on the construction surface of each layer, and then the position of the column, wall, etc. is accurately determined according to these axes, and the position of the construction of the column and wall is accurately determined, and the main body is advanced layer by layer until the main body is finally capped.
When excavating the foundation groove, 05 meters. After the foundation construction is completed, do not forget to implement the foundation groove inspection procedure to verify and ensure the quality of the construction.