Chao news client Qiu Xianping.
The east wind blooms thousands of trees at night, and blows down, and the stars are like rain. BMW carved cars are full of fragrance. The sound of the phoenix flute moves, the light of the jade pot turns, and the fish and dragon dance all night. "In the Year of the Dragon, dragon lanterns from all over the world can't wait to appear in Daofu. On the eighth day of the first lunar month, the gongs and drums of Jinjia Village, Fuchunjiang Town, Tonglu were thunderous, more than 160 villagers, carrying more than 200 meters long board dragon, mightily through the streets and alleys, turning the ridge around the stream, praying for the blessing of the country and the people. On the same day, a lion hair dragon more than 100 meters long in Zhangwu Village, Jiangnan Town, Tonglu dragon is majestic, with a gourd treasure cover on his head, a golden toad hanging down, a blue-purple scale robe on his body, and a dragon tail decorated with a golden feather pearl "phoenix tail". The dragon and phoenix are auspicious, the hidden dragon soars into the abyss, and the dragon enters the sea to make its light.
In Pan'an Shuangfeng Dapan Village and Zhuangtou Village in Lengshui Town in central Zhejiang, the 1,000-meter dragon lantern performance that began on the fourth day of the first lunar month is amazing. The tall and mighty dragon head is dazzling, like rivers and seas, and the sword of heaven and earth Xuanhuang Ling is out of the sheath. In the first month, the ancient tea field of Yushan in Pan'an will carry out the traditional folk activity of dragon lantern dance, and the three dragon lanterns start from Lingkou Village, Fangtang Village, Yushan Town, and Guangyang Village, Jianshan Town, respectively, and go to the ancient tea field to catch the tea spring society. The three dragons are flipped up and down, or circling and moving, performing tail swinging and shelling, dragon pan nine stacks, etc.
The dragon lantern in the Yushan area has always been raised, so it is customary to call it "Yinglong lantern". There are dozens of dragon lanterns that come to the Chachang Temple, including cloth dragons, bench dragons, Buddha lanterns, and pavilion lamps. Each lamp of the Buddha lamp is a Buddha statue, such as the Queen Mother, Rulai, Guanyin, Eight Immortals, Wukong, Guan Gong, etc. It is made of bamboo strips, silk and colored paper, and decorated with colorful paintings, and the characters are vivid and realistic. Each section of the table lamp is a pavilion, the craftsmanship is exquisite, each lamp carpentry takes more than 20 days, the decoration is gorgeous, exquisite and elegant.
In the first month, the first month is the first month, and the fifteenth day of the first month is a lantern. "For the people living in the Song Dynasty, the grandest and most lively festival is not the Spring Festival, but the Lantern Festival. Speaking of the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month, we must think of lanterns. The custom of putting lanterns on the Lantern Festival flourished in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the lantern time was three days (from the fourteenth day of the first month to the sixteenth day of the first month), after the founding of the Zhao and Song dynasties, Song Taizu issued an edict in the first month of the fifth year of Qiande (967): "Shangyuan Zhang Lantern Day ends for three nights." Now the court has nothing to do, the district is safe, and the three days of the valley are in the year, and it is appropriate to indulge the people and enjoy themselves. It made Kaifeng Mansion more liberal.
Ten. Seventh, eighteenth two night lights. "The lantern festival lantern time was extended to five days, and during the Chunyou period of the Southern Song Dynasty, it was increased to six nights, and the lanterns began to be put on the thirteenth day of the first month. It can be seen that the Song people know how to enjoy, and the Lantern Festival of the first month is also their carnival.
In a blink of an eye, when the lanterns were put on the Lantern Festival, the Southern Song Dynasty from the inner to the square, all kinds of lanterns were even more ingenious. The market has begun to sell all kinds of beautiful lanterns, and the Tianjie Tea Shop has listed lantern balls for sale, which is called the "light market". The lanterns of the Song Dynasty can be described as "thousands of lanterns, thousands of lanterns blooming together", with a wide variety. The meticulous "Wulin Gaiden" mentions the two towers of the Xuande Gate Tower, "each hanging a lamp ball, about a square circle of more than a square zhang, and burning rafter candles inside." Zhufang Lane, Ma Xing, Zhuxiang Medicine Shop, Tea Shop Wine Shop, Lights and Candles are all novel". There are many lanterns, which make people dizzy, there are lamp balls, lamp lances, silk lanterns, sun and moon lights, poetry brand silk lanterns, mirror lights, word lights, horse riding lights, phoenix lanterns, water lanterns, glass lanterns, shadow lamps and so on.
The folk are also full of joy, with lights at every house, orchestral strings everywhere, and the lamps are at most exquisite. There are horse lanterns ("horses riding figures, spinning like flying"), bead lamps ("using five-colored beads as a net, drooping tassels, or dragon boats, phoenixes, and stories of the tower"), sheepskin lamps ("delicate carvings, five-color makeup and dyeing, such as the method of shadow play"), Luo silk lanterns ("or a hundred flowers, or thin eyes, with red and white, and ten thousand eyes, this is the most strange"). There are boneless lamps that have been preserved to this day, which are completely hollow glass balls, and there is a giant lamp called "big screen", which rotates with water power, which seems to look like modern outdoor advertising.
The "Dragon Lantern Greeting" in Qi'an is the largest Lantern Festival event in the local area, and almost every village has its own unique dragon lantern. It is rumored that as early as the Tang Dynasty, the dragon dance had begun in Yushan Jiacun in Pan'an, and in the Song and Yuan dynasties, the production of Pan'an dragon lanterns tended to mature. According to the records of Pan'an County, in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Lu Yan, the Duke of Yueguo, took Chai Rong's youngest son Chai Xizhi to "Righteous and Surrender to the Song Dynasty", and his family lived in seclusion at the foot of Lingshan Mountain, becoming the ancestor of "Jiuzhi Lu". Lu Yan brought luxurious cultural elements of palace lanterns to the local Yinglong lantern, which was more exquisite and gorgeous in production.
The palace lantern, as the name suggests, was originally a lamp used in the palace, which is characterized by grace and luxury, full of palace style, and is the palace technology brought by Lu Yan, the Duke of Yue. Pan'an palace lamp production is widely distributed in the county, and all over the country have the custom of hanging palace lanterns on major festivals such as the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival, especially in Anwen Town, Shuangfeng Township and other places, which is not only the main production area of Pan'an palace lanterns, but also the main gathering place for craftsmen of Pan'an palace lantern production skills. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the palace lanterns were mainly framed with fine wood and carved patterns, or carved lacquer as the frame and inlaid with yarn silk, glass or glass filament, which were very exquisitely made. The area of Pan'an is rich in bamboo, and after the palace lantern was spread to Pan'an to be developed, the local people took local materials and widely used bamboo to make "bamboo palace lanterns", which also formed the "Pan'an bamboo palace lanterns" with local characteristics. On the National Day of 1988, two Pan'an red bamboo palace lamps with a diameter of 8 meters were hung on the Tiananmen Tower in Beijing. At present, Pan'an Palace lamps are sold all over the country and overseas, and the praise is quite high.
The traditional "bench dragon lantern" has always been flexible and mobile, with the participation of every household, and the momentum is like a rainbow, known as the hard core of the dragon lantern industry. In the old days, the lantern was greeted with a strong man in each household, with a bench, a pair of lanterns, connected with a bench, a lantern at the head and tail of the bench, and finally a dragon head and a dragon tail were added to form a long dragon shape, the proper name was "bridge lamp", because it was connected with a bench, so it was also called "bench dragon". "Bridge light" usually has hundreds of benches connected, called the hundred bridge dragon, many can reach more than 1,000 bridges, stretching for four or five miles, magnificent. The bench dragon integrates calligraphy, painting, paper-cutting, carving, sculpture art and tie-making and paste-making crafts, and integrates sports, acrobatics, dance and other elements when dancing. There is a folk song that says: "If you haven't planted 300 days of seedlings, cut 300 fields of rice, and met 300 fields of bench dragons, you are not a Han of Pan'an." ”
"Pan'an Yingdeng" is large-scale, with hundreds of fewer and thousands more. Generally, the lights start on the thirteenth night of the first lunar month and end on the sixteenth night. "Pan'an welcome lamp" is a cultural matter with a strong sense of group participation, called "seeing the stove", that is, if there is a stove at home, it is necessary to welcome a bridge lamp, and if there is a man at home, it is also necessary to welcome a bridge lamp. Sometimes the number of people in the village is not enough, and they have to go to other villages to hire them. At the same time, each village has gradually formed a "lantern festival" organization, which is specifically responsible for the annual "dragon lantern" matters. The program is distinct, the sense of ritual is very strong, and the whole activity process can be roughly divided into four parts in chronological order: pasting lights, opening eyes, courting the hall, and welcoming the dance. The performance forms of Pan'an's "Welcoming Lanterns" include arrays, hanging hills, planing watermelons, crossing streams, group lanterns, drawing lanterns, iron hoops, rolling in the belly, green snakes, snake shelling, double doors, around the house pillars, around the pond, around the pond corner, around the ancestral hall door, etc.
In the old days, there were many rules for welcoming the dragon lantern, from the dragon head off the shelf to worship the dragon head, the lantern, the dragon head, the dragon tail to the scattered lights, there was a set of extremely strict ritual rules and processes. The lantern is the night, the dragon lantern generally never goes out of the village, the ancient saying is "the first night in the village", that is, the dragon head to benefit the villagers. After the first night, the dragon lantern will go out of the village to welcome the wilderness, so as to expel the plague god and pray for blessings from heaven and earth.
Yuan Xiao of the Song Dynasty, the lantern torch, the brilliance, the dancing to figure out the shadow, how it seems to be in the world. What is more charming than the cold in the sky is the lights in the world, and what is more attractive than the lanterns is the beauty of the lanterns. The beauties come out to enjoy the lanterns, with light makeup and heavy makeup, and beautiful clothes, which can be described as "all wearing pearl cui, moths, jade plums, snow willows, linden leaves, lamp balls, pins and gold, cicada mink sleeves, and neckkerchiefs (all of which are famous for jewelry), and the clothes are still white, and it is appropriate to cover the moon." Above the night market, "Du Minshi girl, Luo Qi is like a cloud, and Gai Wuxi is otherwise." As the lyrics of Bangzi Opera "Watching the Lantern" say: "In the first month, there are lanterns, and the sisters go to see the lanterns." There are many sergeants and women in the city, and the people in Bianliang City look at people. "Looking at the lanterns, but also looking at people, is a kind of lovesickness two sorrows, there are also lovesickness has not been seen, as Hangzhou Qingzhiwu female lyricist Zhu Shuzhen wrote: "The flower market lights are like day, the moon is on the willow tops, and people are about after dusk." On New Year's Eve this year, the moon and lights are still the same. I didn't see last year's people, and my tears wet the sleeves of my spring shirt. ”
Spring returns to the earth, and everything is sunny. "Lion Dance" and "Dragon Lantern" are ancient inheritances, and this visual feast on the land of hometown has also become the nostalgia and spiritual return of young people. Xin Qiji said: "Moth snow willow **, laughter and dark fragrance." The crowd looked for him thousands, and suddenly looked back, but the man was there, and the lights were dim. ”
But isn't it, looking for and looking around, looking back, that mountain, that water, that piece of soil, always waking up in the wanderer's dream, growing in the continuous nostalgia, and calling in the twilight of the cooking smoke.
*From Tonglu release and Pan'an Cultural Tourism).
*Please indicate the source".