Yi Three Clans Li Si was ordered by Hu Hai to raze the three tribes, how many people were killed?
In the second year of Qin II (208 BC), Li Si was imprisoned for ventilating the news, and Zhao Gao fell into the ground, falsely accusing Li Si and his son Li You of rebellion, and severely tortured Li Si, Li Si had to admit to rebellion. As a result, Qin II ordered:"Pull out. Xianyang City has three clans, and five criminals"。So, what exactly do these three tribes refer to, and how many people were killed in the Li Si family?
Zhu San"It is the name of a kind of punishment in the Qin and Han dynasties, which refers to the extreme punishment of some specific criminals, especially those who have committed serious crimes such as rebellion and treason, even if their relatives have not committed crimes, to exterminate their three ethnic groups, so as to set an example and achieve the effect of punishing evil and promoting good.
Still, about"Three Tribes""Three Tribes"Exactly who this refers to is still debated, but there are three main theories.
1.Father, I, Son. Zhou Li-Chunguan-Xiao Zongbo"."(Xiao Zongbo) blames the three clans to distinguish between distance and proximity", Zheng Xuan said"The three families, namely the father, the son, and the grandson"。The Book of Rites - The Rites of the Emperor"However, the three tribes are unexpected, so please benefit the day", Zheng Xuan said"Three clans, father Kundi, son Kundi, Sun Kundi"。Although these two sentences are slightly different, they actually mean the same, the difference is that the bet is from his father's point of view, while the bet is from my point of view. According to this version, there is"Three Tribes": all my father's brothers, all his own brothers, and all his sons.
2.Father, mother, wife"。""The Legend of Da Dai Li - Bao Fu"."Supporting the three tribes", Lv Wei's note"Three families, father, mother, wife. Book of the Later Han Dynasty - Biography of the End of Yang"."Qin's politics are cold, the heart of heaven is stubborn, and people are guilty, extending to the three tribes", Li Xianlu called "Hansheng Ji"."Father, mother, wife, too"。And "Zhuangzi - Xu Wugui":"The husband and the gentleman have the same dish, Ze and the three tribes, and the parents are the same"！Cheng Xuanying:"Three families, parents, spouses"。Cheng Xuanying:"The three tribes, the family of parents, and the family of wives"。It means that if the husband is an official in the palace, the three clans will bring him great benefits, not to mention his parents. According to this theory,"Three Tribes"It refers to: In addition to the offender himself, there are also fathers, mothers, and wives.
3.Parents, siblings, and spouses. Historical Records - Qin Benji" contains:"At the beginning of the law, there were three families of offenders", Pei Ru quoted Zhang Yan as saying:"Parents, siblings, spouses"。According to this theory,"Three Tribes"Refers to parents, siblings, and spouses other than the offender himself.
The above three theories have their own basis and are difficult to convinc, but if we are specific to the case of Li Si, the author believes that the first theory is relatively more reasonable, because it is clearly recorded in the "Historical Records-Biography of Li Silie"."For the five punishments, on the belt Xianyang City, Si was released from prison, and he was killed with his son"。According to the records, Lees was killed along with his son, and only the first of the three accounts involves the son of a criminal.
How many people were killed in the Leese family? This is actually a difficult question to answer, because there are very few records about the Li Si family in the history books, his father, mother and wife are not recorded, and even his son is only recorded in the history books as Li Yu, the Taishou of Sanchuan County.
According to the "Historical Records - Biography of Lislie","with neutrons"，"Medium", that is, the middle position, then Li Si must have three sons, Li Yu, who was the Taishou of Sanchuan County, is the eldest son, Li Si was killed with the second son, and Li Si's three sons are not recorded in historical materials. There is no record of Li Si's three sons in the historical sources.
Although the history books do not record Li Si's family, Li Si's family is counted"Father's family, Wang's family, and son's family", at least a dozen people were killed. Among them, Li Si is the most unlucky. He was punished with the so-called"Five sentences", ie"Ink, awakening, slashing, palace, big white"Five punishments, that is, the first tattoo; The so-called"Five sentences"Yes"Ink, awakening, slashing, palace, big white"The combination of the five punishments, namely stabbing words, gouging out eyes, palace punishment, beheading, beheading.
Li Xi though was"The three tribes were pacified", but escaped by chance, and the eldest son Li Yu led the army outside. When Xiang Yu and Liu Bang attacked Yongqiu, Li Yu took the lead in defending the city, and the arrow in his left hand still insisted on leading the troops to fight. After the city was broken, Li Yu was killed by Liu Bang's subordinate Cao Shen, and Xiang Yu was deeply moved by Li Yu's tragic death and sent his body back to Shangcai's hometown for burial.