The Three Kingdoms refer to the three-legged confrontation situation of Wei, Shu and Wu after the fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The period of the Three Kingdoms is generally believed to have begun in 220 A.D. when Cao Pi abolished the Han Dynasty and became the emperor, established the Wei State, and ended in 280 A.D. when the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu, which lasted 60 years. Chen Shou's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a historical document reflecting this period, while "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", one of the four famous works, reflects the evolution of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu in a literary way.
State of Wei (Cao Wei). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, starting from the Yellow Turban Uprising, the world was in turmoil, and the heroes were competing for each other. Cao Cao gradually strengthened his power in the warlord melee, and coerced the Son of Heaven to order the princes to go around in the name of the Eastern Han court, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Cao Wei. Cao Cao was named "Duke of Wei" by Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, and later promoted to "King of Wei". After Cao Cao's death, his son Cao Pi inherited Cao Cao's title of King of Wei, and in the first year of Yankang (220 AD), he forced Emperor Xian of Han to give way, officially replacing the Han Dynasty and establishing the Wei State, known as Cao Wei in history, with the capital Luoyang. On the day of Bingyin in December of the first year of Tai (February 8, 266 AD), Sima Yan usurped Wei and changed the name of the country to Jin, and Cao Wei perished.
Wei occupied the Central Plains region among the Three Kingdoms, and its national strength was far superior to that of Shu Han and Eastern Wu. In the Cao Wei Dynasty, the most important political reform was the implementation of the selection and employment mechanism of the Jiupin Zhongzheng system, which had a far-reaching impact on the politics of the two Jin and Northern Dynasties. Territoryally, Cao Wei inherited the Eastern Han Dynasty's rule in the Western Regions and incorporated the northern part of the Korean Peninsula into its territory. In the south, the Qinling-Huai River is the session to confront Shu and Wu. After the destruction of Shu Han, Cao Wei also included Yizhou and Nanzhong in the territory, and the land area was once as high as about 4 million square kilometers.
Shu Kingdom (Shu Han). After Cao Pi established the Wei State on behalf of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bei was proclaimed emperor in Chengdu in 221 AD, with the country name Han, known as "Shu Han" in history, and "Shu" for short. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Bei began to enter the arena of political struggle in the battle to suppress the peasant uprising, and joined forces with Eastern Wu to fight against Cao Cao in the south in the Battle of Chibi, and then took the opportunity to recover all parts of Jingzhou, and then entered Xichuan, captured Hanzhong, and finally established the Shu Han regime. In its heyday, Shu Han occupied Jingzhou and Yizhou, and forced Bashu and Nanzhao regions to submit, and the national strength of Shu Han increased, and its territory reached Wudu and Hanzhong in the north, Wuxia in the east, and Kuoyun in the south, northwest of Guiguang and northeast Myanmar, northwest Vietnam, east of Myanmar in the west, and south of Shaanxi and Gansu.
In 263 AD, Cao Wei sent Zhong Hui, Deng Ai and others to lead a large army to attack Shu, and although the Shu Han generals Jiang Wei and Liao Hua and others resisted hard, they were still unable to recover the defeat in the end. Liu Chan surrendered to Cao Wei in the first year of Yanxing (263), and Shu Han perished.
Wu Guo (Eastern Soochow). The establishment of Soochow began with Sun Jian and Sun Ce's operations in the Jiangdong region. Sun Jian performed well in the Yellow Turban Rebellion, laying the foundation for the Sun family in the Jiangdong region. After Sun Ce inherited his father's business, he gradually unified the six counties of Jiangdong. After Sun Ce's death, he was succeeded by his younger brother Sun Quan, who actively expanded outward while stabilizing the situation in Jiangdong. In 229 AD, Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang, established the state of Wu, and soon moved the capital to Jianye (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), known as "Eastern Wu" in history. Under the leadership of Sun Quan, Eastern Wu was strong and had a vast territory. Sun Quan developed the economy internally, and actively negotiated with Shu Han and Cao Wei externally, forming a situation of three kingdoms. During this period, the army of Eastern Wu also achieved a series of important victories, such as the Battle of Chibi and the Battle of Yiling, all of which showed the great strength of Eastern Wu.
After Sun Quan's death, the Soochow regime gradually fell into chaos and decline. The internal political struggle was fierce, and the country's strength was declining. At the same time, Eastern Wu also made mistakes in its foreign relations, with relations with Shu Han breaking down, and repeatedly losing wars with Cao Wei. In 280 AD, the Western Jin Dynasty launched a war to destroy Wu, and the Western Jin Dynasty generals Du Pre, Wang Jun and others led troops to break through Jianye, Sun Hao surrendered, and Eastern Wu perished. At this point, Wei, Shu, and Wu all returned to Jin, and the world was unified, ending the situation of the Three Kingdoms. February** Dynamic Incentive Program