The Confederate States of America, also known as the Confederate States or the Confederate States, was a political entity formed between 1861 and 1865 by the 11 separate countries of the American South from the United States. It was geographically located in North America, and its territorial extent included a portion of the present-day southern United States. During the Civil War with the Northern Confederacy**, the Confederates were largely on the defensive, with only the Northern Virginia Legion briefly invading the Northern Territories. Due to the effects of the war, the borders of the Confederate States were not clear, and its southern border roughly coincided with the northern border of Mexico, while the east and west sides were immediately adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Eventually, the Confederates lost the Civil War and were reunited by the United States.
On February 4, 1861, seven southern states (South Carolina, Mississ, Florida, Arabada, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas) broke away from the United States to form a provisional parliament after confirming the election of Abraham Lincoln. On February 8, the Confederate States of America (CSA), also known as the Confederation of America, was formed. The next day, Jefferson Davis was elected as the first Confederate State of America**.
Texas did not join the Confederate state until March 2 and removed its governor, Sam Houston, who refused to take an oath of support for the Confederate. The seven states broke away from the United States and took control of the navy, army, ports, and customs within the borders, thus triggering the Civil War.
On March 4, 1861, Lincoln was inaugurated in the United States. In his inaugural speech, he stressed that the constitution was a binding charter and that the secession of the South had no legal effect. He promised not to invade the South, but would protect the national territory by force. The speech ended with a call for national unity.
On April 12, South Carolina forced the United Squadron at Fort Sumter in Charleston to surrender. After the Battle of Fort Sumter, Lincoln called on other states to retake Fort Sumter to defend the capital and preserve the United States. The Northern states thought it was possible to fight quickly, and Lincoln only recruited volunteers to fight for 90 days. As a result, Virginia and four other states voted to secede from the United States and join the Confederate States of America, bringing the number of states to 11. The Confederates later moved their capital from Montgomery to Richmond.
Missouri and Kentucky** remained within the United States, but rival factions within the two states were recruited by the Confederate powers, so the number of Confederate states was sometimes counted as 13.
Five Indian tribes** supported the Confederate State, and Southern New Mexico (including the Gatesdon Acquisition) joined the Confederate and became an Arizona Dependency. The first settlers requested the annexation of the land, prompting the Union to investigate the area south of the 34th parallel. The Arizona Army is the armed forces of the Confederate State.
General Henry Hebley issued a manifesto before the Battle of New Mexico in an attempt to incorporate jurisdiction into the Confederate States of America. From March 13 to April 8, 1862, the Confederates briefly occupied the capital of Santa Fe.
Not all of the slave states joined the Confederates. In 1861, Maryland declared martial law to prevent secession from the United States. Delaware never considered secession from the United States. During the war, the Remnant Congress of the United States advocated in Wheeling, Virginia, in 1863 for the 48 counties to secede from Virginia and join the United States, forming West Virginia and successfully joining the United States, with a state constitution that would gradually abolish slavery. Other attempts to secede from the Confederates (notably East Tennessee) were halted by the Confederates declaring martial law.
On April 9, 1865, the Northern Virginia Regiment surrendered at the Appomatox Courthouse, marking the end of the Confederate States of America. On May 10, **Davis in Irvingville**; In June, the remaining coalition forces surrendered. On 2 August, the last Union flag was lowered aboard the USS Senandoya.
The Constitution of the Confederate States of America emphasizes state powers, reduces powers, protects slavery, and prohibits the international slave trade. The main difference from the Constitution of the United States is that it describes the dissatisfaction of the Southern states with the Union **. For example, the ban on protective tariffs has made southern ports more attractive. During its secession from the United States, the South saw protective tariffs as a means of increasing Southern spending and expanding the wealth of the North. In general, the Confederate Constitution is a word-for-word copy of the U.S. Constitution.
The draft Confederate constitution rejected a number of racial proposals, such as allowing only slave states to join and reinstate Atlantic slaves**. The Constitution does not contain a secession clause for the states, because the South considers it a fundamental right of sovereign states, and the U.S. Constitution does not require renunciation. The inclusion of such a clause would weaken the claim to secede from the United States.
The term of office of the Union State** is six years and cannot be renewed for a single term. Jefferson Davis is the only one**. Before the expiration of his term, he was defeated by the ** army of the United States. The Constitution of the Union State grants ** a unique veto power, as does the Governor. A two-thirds majority in Congress may reject the veto. The U.S. Congress has the same rule.
Banknotes and stamps are issued and circulated under the authority of the states of the Union States. ** Considered issuing coins, and the plan, steel mold, and four proofs were available, but were abandoned due to lack of metal.
Although the preamble to the Constitution states that "the states act in their own sovereign and independent capacity", it also states that it is a "permanent federation" and that while the Constitution protects slavery, it also prohibits the importation of new slaves from outside the Union State.
From February 4 to May 29, 1861, the capital of the Confederate States was Montgomery, which was later changed to Richmond. At the end of the war, it was planned to move to Atlanta, Georgia, or Columbia, South Carolina, but only partially completed. From April 3 to April 10, 1865, Danville became the final capital of the Confederate States.
During the Confederate States of America and after the war, its legal status was disputed. The Confederates had negotiated with the European regimes and received diplomatic recognition from only one small German principality. At the time of the Trent incident, the Confederates were about to gain British recognition and plan to mediate with France, but the British and French backed down after the Battle of Antietan and the Emancipation Proclamation. European countries were neutral during the war, met unofficially with the Allied Powers, and regarded both the North and the South as belligerents. British North America allowed both sides** to operate openly on its borders, and the northern states** negotiated regional agreements with Mexico.
For four years, the Union insisted on its independence and appointed dozens of diplomatic representatives. The United States of the North** is considered a rebellious province in the South and does not recognize its status. The Confederates declared war, and the United States responded with Lincoln** declaring a Southern rebellion and embargo. The laws of war regulate military relations, and the two sides have informally negotiated political recognition.
Four years after the war, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Texas v. White that unilateral separation was unconstitutional and invalid. Samon P. Chase, the chief officer, made this opinion, which was criticized. Jefferson Davis and Alexander Stephens, among others, supported the legitimacy of secession. Davis's "The Rise and Fall of the Confederate States" is a notable representative.
The Union State has 4,698 kilometers of coastline, with coastal plains and sandy terrain as the main terrain. The interior is hilly and the west is desert. The Mississippi River divides the country into eastern and western parts, and the western part is known as the "Pan-Mississippi region." The highest point in the country, which includes Arizona and New Mexico, is the 2,667-meter Guadalupe Peak in Texas.
Most of the Allied States have a humid climate, with mild winters and hot and humid summers. West of 96 degrees west longitude is semi-arid savannah and barren desert area.
Compared to the northern states, the Union region is less urbanized. According to the 1860 Census, only New Orleans, Louisiana, was among the top 10 cities in the United States, and only 15 cities were among the top 100 cities in the United States. Richmond, Virginia, grew rapidly in population after becoming the national capital.
The economy of the Confederate States of America was predominantly agricultural and heavily dependent on slave farms. The main products are cotton, rice, tobacco, sugarcane, livestock and a small amount of cereals. In 1860, with the exception of Kentucky and Missouri, the Confederate States produced $155 million in industrial products, including flour, meat, processed tobacco, cotton products, and turpentine. The Confederates pursued a liberal ** policy, which was undermined by the United States embargo. Due to the lack of financial assets, the Union supported the war by printing money, which led to severe inflation.
The army of the Confederate States, commonly known as the "Southern Army", corresponds to the Northern Army of the United States of America and consists of the following three armies: the Army of the Confederate States of America, the Navy of the Confederate States of America, and the Marine Corps of the Confederate States of America.
The Commander-in-Chief of the Coalition was mainly retired members of the United States Navy and Army, who were transferred to senior positions in the Union Nation. The ** officers of the alliance are mainly composed of southern celebrities, and officers below the colonel rank are selected through recruitment. Although the Confederates did not have an army academy, the cadets of the Southern universities (such as the Virginia Military Academy) became the commander-in-chief. The Naval Academy, established in 1863, had no graduates serving until the collapse of the Confederates.
The Confederate Colonels consisted of 16-28-year-old white males, and even 12-year-old boys fought later in the war. The Allied Powers had proposed the formation of the All Black Legion, and had passed a bill to free slaves in the service of the Allied Powers.