The Red Guards are a product of China's special historical periodThe existence of this group once brought incalculable losses to the lives and property of the country and the people, and it was not until October 1978 that they withdrew from the stage of history。And the five leaders of the Red Guards, who were once proud in the past, have left a lingering memory in the hearts of a generation of Chinese.
So,Who were the five leaders of the Red Guards in that special historical period? What crazy things did they do, and what was the end result?
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At the head of the five leaders of the Red Guards,Wang Dabin, a student at Beijing Institute of Geology.
Wang Dabin) was born in 1941 in a poor peasant family in Changde County, Xichang, Sichuan Province. Wang Dabin lost his father five months after he was bornAt the age of 5, he began to herd sheep for the landlord's family, and after the age of 8 and a half, the family squeezed out some tuition fees from their meager income for Wang Dabin to study and go to school
Wang Dabin did not live up to his family's expectations, and after going to school, Wang Dabin was the "three excellent students" in the school almost every year. In 1961, Wang Dabin was admitted to the exploration major of Beijing Institute of Geology with excellent results, becoming the first college student of the Wang family
Group photo of Wang Dabin's family).
However, in a special historical period, Wang Dabin, who was strong and strong, was carried away by the upsurge of sports for a while. In 1966, Wang Dabin joined the "rebellion" movement of the Beijing Institute of Geology as a graduateFor a time, he became the main person in charge of the Oriental Commune of the Beijing Institute of Geology, and was one of the important leaders of the "rebellion" movement of students in Beijing.
If Wang Dabin just threw himself into the tide of that era, I am afraid that he is no different from ordinary Red Guards. However, the inducement of ** made Wang Dabin further embark on a crooked path. At the behest of **,Wang Dabin and several young students from Beijing colleges and universities traveled thousands of miles to Chengdu, Sichuan, and without the permission of the local law enforcement agencies, they arrested the local students and escorted them to Beijing, and participated in a series of ** activities on ***.
What Wang Dabin didn't expect was that his own good life came to an end in less than five years. In 1971, affected by the "May 16" incident, Wang Dabin was escorted to the Beijing Institute of Geology for isolation and review, and expelled from the party. 1In 978, Wang Dabin was again sentenced to nine years in prison for his crimes. After his release in 1983, Wang Dabin went to the sea to do business and became the general manager of a company in Dujiangyan City, and died of illness in 2019 at the age of 78.
In his later years, Wang Dabin took a photo with his family).
The second among the leaders of the Red Guards was Tan Houlan, who shouted "Down with the Confucian family". In 1937, Tan Houlan was born in a poor peasant family in Wangcheng County, Hunan. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, she went to Xiangtan No. 1 Middle School to study, and after graduation, she stayed in the school to become a teacher in the school, because of her outstanding work performance during the school, she was sent to the Department of Political Science and Education of Peking University in 1961 for further study.
During Tan Houlan's study at Peking University, China ushered in a special decade in history, and Tan Houlan was influenced by the movement trendBig-character posters were posted inside Peking University to "bombard" the organs and organizations of Peking University. Later, the organs and organizations of Peking University were forced to move out under pressure, and Tan Houlan became a recognized "hero" on the campus of Peking University in one fell swoop。In August 1966, Tan Houlan became the general director of the "Jinggangshan Combat Regiment" of Peking University.
Tan Houlan) Tan Houlan also embarked on a crooked path because of the influence of people with ulterior motives. One day in 1966, Kang Sheng brought Tan Houlan and asked her to lead a wave of students to Shandong to "defeat the Confucian family". At the behest of Kang Sheng, Tan Houlan and his group came to Confucius's hometown: Qufu, Shandong, and smashed the stele awarded to the Confucius Temple and other cultural relics in Qufu, Shandong Province as a "National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit".
What is even more unbelievable is that during the time when Tan Houlan and others stopped in Qufu, Shandong, they not only smashed buildings everywhere, but also gathered people to loot and burn all relevant documents and classics about Confucius and Confucianism. According to the statistics after the fact,In 29 days, Tan Houlan and others burned a total of more than 2,700 ancient books and more than 900 scrolls of various calligraphy and paintings, including more than 70 national first-class protected cultural relics and more than 1,700 rare books; More than 1,000 stone tablets of all dynasties, including the tombstone of Confucius, were smashed.
Tan Houlan led the crowd to burn the plaque of the Confucian Temple).
Similar to Wang Dabin, Tan Houlan was later affected by the "May 16" incident and was forced to undergo quarantine review. In 1978, Tan Houlan was officially approved for arrest. However, due to Tan Houlan's active confession at that time, and she was suffering from advanced cervical cancerAs a result, her past crimes are no longer pursued. Tan Houlan died of illness shortly after returning from Beijing to Xiangtan, Hunan Province, at the age of 45.
Nie Yuanzi is the second female Red Guard leader to become famous after Tan Houlan, and the oldest of the five Red Guard leaders。Nie Yuanzi was born in 1921, and her brother Nie Zhen is the founder of our party's Huaxian Party organization. Under the influence of his brother, Nie Yuanzi joined the revolution at an early age, joined our party in 1938, and was later transferred to Peking University in 1963 as deputy director of the Department of Economics.
In a special historical period, Nie Yuanzi was instructed by Kang Sheng's wife, Cao Yiou, and Nie Yuanzi, together with Song Yixiu, Xia Jianzhi, Yang Keming, and several other teachers from the Department of Philosophy of Peking University, posted a big-character poster in the canteen of Peking University, which was the first big-character poster in China's special historical period. It is positiveIt was because of this first big-character poster that Nie Yuanzi became the leader of the students of Peking University, and he also enjoyed the prestige of the Red Guards. Tan Houlan, mentioned above, was influenced by Nie Yuanzi to devote herself to the movement.
In order to continue to fan the flames of this movement that should not have existed, Kang Sheng put down his work and went to Peking University to support Nie Yuanzi's actions, praising the leader's big-character poster as a "Paris Commune-style" manifesto. At the instigation of Kang Sheng,The student "rebellion" movement at Peking University was out of control, teachers and students fought each other, and normal academic work was completely paralyzed
And Nie Yuanzi finally paid the price for what he had done - in 1978, Nie Yuanzi was officially arrested and imprisoned, and was sentenced to 17 years in prison. By 1984, Nie Yuanzi was granted parole because of his advanced age and multiple illnesses. Perhaps remorse for what he did in his early yearsNie Yuanzi refused all arrangements from the state for her living expenses, medical expenses, and housing, and did not accept a state subsidy until 1999, receiving a living allowance of 600 yuan a month from the neighborhood office.
In his later years, Nie Yuanzi made a living by writing books and sayings, writing his own personal memoirs and prefaces to some history books. In 2019, Nie Yuanzi died of illness at the age of 98.
The fourth leader of the Red Guards is Han Aijing。In 1945, Han Aijing was born in an ordinary peasant family, her father died honorably during the revolutionary movement, and was later raised by her stepfather, who was a member of the Communist Party. The stepfather gave Han Aijing a good family education environment, and Han Aijing did not live up to her stepfather's expectations, and was admitted to Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics with excellent grades and became a student of the Department of Aeronautics.
After entering a special historical period, Han Aijing led the students of Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics to the National Defense Science Commission for 28 days and nights, so she became famous among the student group。The classmates around her praised Han Aijing as the "chief order" of the movement.
*Meeting with Han Aijing and others).
According to the relevant statistics after the fact,Han Aijing and his accomplices set up a total of 18 secret "isolation rooms" in the Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and successively examined 465 people, and a total of 170 people were illegally detained, the loss of personal freedom, their ** and the beating of other citizens, have been cruel to an outrageous degree.
But Ms. Han soon came to trial: in 1971, Ms. Han was placed under quarantine and has since been placed under supervision. In 1978, Han Aijing was formally arrested and sentenced to 15 years in prison and sent to Tanggemu Farm in Qinghai to serve her sentence. In 1986, after Han Aijing was released from prison, she continued to work in Tanggemu Farm and became a teacher on the farm. Later, Han Aijing became a general manager of a state-owned shareholding company, and retired as a consultant in 2003, and Han Aijing is still alive today.
The last leader of the Red Guards, named Kuai Dafu. Kuai Dafu was born in 1945 into a revolutionary family, his grandfather was a soldier of the National Revolutionary Army who participated in the Northern Expedition, and his parents were both Communist Party members. Kuai Dafu had excellent academic performance since childhood, and was admitted to the Department of Engineering Chemistry of Tsinghua University in 1962 with excellent results.
In a special historical period, Kuai Dafu himself was once treated unfairly, but after Kuai Dafu was "rehabilitated", he became the leader of a new round of ***. Kuai Dafu held a grudge against the people who had treated him unfairly, so he grafted the pain on his body to others again. Kuai Dafu formed the "Jinggangshan Corps" in Tsinghua University, and defeated all those who had participated in his own **.
Kuai Dafu).Later, in 1970, he was affected by the "May 16" incident and was subject to quarantine review. In 1978, Kuai Dafu was formally arrested and sentenced to 17 years in prison, and after being released from prison, he worked as the general manager of an Internet company in Shenzhen, and later died of a stroke.