Article ** from: CAICT (ID: CAICT China).
Quantum information technology, represented by quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum measurement, is an important part of quantum science and technology, and it is also one of the important directions for cultivating future industries, building new qualitative productivity, and promoting high-quality development. After more than 40 years of development, the field of quantum information has entered the development stage of scientific and technological research, engineering research and development, application exploration and industrial cultivation. In recent years, the achievements of scientific research and application exploration in the three major fields of quantum information have been highlighted, and the cultivation of industrial ecology has become a hot spot of concern for all parties, and the layout of technical standards and research have achieved phased results. China attaches great importance to the development of quantum information, and has made many important progress in policy layout, basic scientific research, engineering research and development, application exploration and ecological cultivation.
On December 28, 2023, at the results conference of the "2024 China Academy of Information and Communications Technology ICT In-depth Observation Report" held by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (hereinafter referred to as "CAICT"), the "Research Report on the Development and Application of Quantum Information Technology (2023)" was officially released, and Dr. Yao Fei from the Institute of Technology and Standards of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology gave an in-depth interpretation of the report.
Since 2018, CAICT has continued to compile and publish the Research Report on the Development and Application of Quantum Information Technology, which has become an important reference for management departments and industry parties to grasp the development trends and trends at home and abroad. This report focuses on the overall development trend of the global quantum information field, the latest research and application progress, and the hot trends of the industry in the past year, hoping to continue to contribute to the development consensus of the industry.
Key takeaways from the report.
1.Quantum information technology is a system engineering of the century that challenges the limits of human ability to regulate the microscopic world, which is not only an important part of quantum science and technology, but also one of the key directions of future industrial layout and development, and will lead a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. Quantum information technology has entered a critical period of development for the integration of scientific and technological research, engineering research and development, application exploration and industrial cultivation, and major countries in the world have strengthened their strategic planning and investment layout, and international competition is becoming increasingly fierce.
2.Scientific research and technological innovation in various fields of quantum information have maintained rapid development, and quantum computing is the biggest hotspot. China and the United States are among the top two in terms of quantum information research** and the number of patent applications, and the United States is leading in the fields of quantum computing, quantum measurement, and post-quantum encryption (PQC). In the past decade, the number of enterprises and the scale of investment and financing in the field of global quantum information have experienced a round of explosive growth, and the growth trend has slowed down in the past two years. In the field of quantum computing and quantum measurement, Europe and the United States have the highest concentration of enterprises, accounting for more than 60% of the world, while the number of quantum computing and quantum measurement enterprises in China is only half of that of the United States, and the gap in the number of enterprises in the field of PQC is obvious.
3.In the quantum computing technology system, hardware, software, and algorithms are the three pillars, and the cloud platform is the convergence point of the application and industrial ecology that integrates the three to provide services to users. In recent years, the main technical routes of quantum computing have been fiercely competitive, and the number of bits (number of photons and atoms) and quantum volume indicators have continued to increase. With the rapid development of prototype development, software research and development, application exploration and cloud platform services, a large number of quantum computing start-ups of various types have emerged at home and abroad, and enterprises in the application industry have continued to join, and the industrial chain in the field of quantum computing has begun to take shape. The quantum computing cloud platform integrates quantum computing with classical cloud services and provides quantum computing power through the network, which is the main form of quantum computing user services in the future, and the functional architecture can be divided into infrastructure layer, platform layer, service layer and supporting operation and maintenance management and security service functions.
4.In the field of quantum communication, TF-QKD has become the industry's recognized next-generation long-distance and high-security QKD technology solution, and the limit distance of optical fiber transmission for system experiments will exceed 1,000 kilometers in 2023. CV-QKD has the advantage of key bitrate in the short and medium range, and is more competitive in terms of system integration and chain maturity, which is the mainstream of future metro QKD applications. In August 2023, NIST released three draft PQC standards for comments. As the PQC standard begins to take shape, Europe and the United States have also accelerated the industrialization of PQC to seize the opportunity.
5.The basic research results in the field of quantum measurement are full of highlights, and the quantum advantage is becoming more and more obvious. Quantum positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) technology has outstanding strategic value and has become a hot spot in various countries. The quantum measurement industry chain is beginning to take shape, and there are still challenges for large-scale commercialization.
6.The cultivation and development of emerging technologies and future industries require the joint support of multiple factors such as strategic planning and policy guidance, public R&D fund investment support, scientific research breakthroughs in academia, technological innovation promotion in the industry, and industrial application and business transformation. In the face of the rapid development of global quantum information technology and the increasingly fierce international competition, China will retreat if it does not advance, and it will retreat slowly. In the future, it is necessary to improve the layout of the policy system, strengthen the strategic scientific and technological strength, accelerate the research of key technologies, ensure independent supply capacity, strengthen the coordination of production, education, research and application, and promote the cultivation of future industries, etc., to further focus on accelerating development, and strive for more technology, application and industrialization achievements.
Table of Contents of Reports. 1. The overall development trend of quantum information technology.
1) Quantum information technology is one of the important directions for future industrial development.
2) The layout of quantum information policies in major countries around the world has been further strengthened.
3) Scientific research and technological innovation in the three major fields of quantum information continue to be active.
4) The growth of the number of quantum information enterprises and the scale of investment and financing has slowed down.
2. Research and application progress in the field of quantum computing.
1) Parallel development of hardware and multi-technology routes, and innovative achievements are constantly emerging.
2) Quantum error correction breaks through the equilibrium point, and there are still bottlenecks in the environmental measurement and control system.
3) The software and cloud platform are developing rapidly and iteratively, and the maturity needs to be improved.
4) Application exploration is widely carried out, and combination optimization may be the first to be practical.
5) The quantum computing industry chain has begun to take shape, standardized into a layout hotspot.
3. Research and application progress in the field of quantum communication.
1) The scientific research achievements of QKD are full of highlights, and the indicators of the experimental system have been improved.
2) The application of QKD continues to be explored, and the development of standards has achieved phased results.
3) Some progress has been made in the research of key core technologies of quantum information networks.
4) Europe and the United States are actively promoting the experimental verification of quantum information network networking technology.
5) The first batch of PQC algorithm standards were released, and there is still a long way to go in application and promotion.
4. Research and application progress in the field of quantum measurement.
1) The results of basic research are full of bright spots, and the quantum advantage is becoming more and more obvious.
2) The strategic value of quantum PNT is outstanding and has become a hot spot for all countries.
3) Quantum detection imaging has high sensitivity and broad application prospects.
4) Explore the application of quantum measurement in the energy field to help achieve the dual carbon standard.
5) There are still challenges in the formation of the quantum measurement industry chain and large-scale commercialization.
5 Prospects for quantum information technology and applications.
1) The research in the three major fields has developed rapidly, and the application exploration has been further expanded
2) To cultivate the future industry of quantum information, it is necessary to strengthen the coordination of government, industry, academia, research and application.
For more exciting, please read the interpretation PPT.
Copyright Notice: The copyright of this report belongs to the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology and is protected by law. **If the text or opinions of this report are excerpted or used in other ways, "**China Academy of Information and Communications Technology" should be indicated. Anyone who violates the above statement will be investigated for relevant legal responsibility.
Disclaimer: **This article is for the purpose of conveying more information, it does not mean that it agrees with its views or confirms its description, the content of the article is for reference only, if there is any infringement or violation of the operation specifications of the public platform, please contact gongyj@wsttechnet deletion.