In February 1936, ** wrote the word "Qinyuan Spring Snow" in northern Shaanxi, and since then he has been constipated and has not shown himself. In August 1945, when he went to Chongqing to negotiate with the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, he copied it to his old friend Liu Yazi, and disclosed it in the newspaper by Wu Zuguang's hand, which immediately caused a word war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The revolutionary lyricists spontaneously sang and praised, but the Kuomintang organized the imperial literati to carry out "encirclement and suppression", wantonly distorting and slandering the words, and the two sides were killed to the point of gunsmoke and shook the world. In the end, the Kuomintang suffered a crushing defeat. This is an unprecedented literary spectacle in modern history.
Touching the scene and making the lyrics of "Snow".
In 1949, ** met Liu Yazi at Shuangqing Villa in Xiangshan.
In January 1936, it was decided to cross the Yellow River and develop to Shanxi, with the aim of establishing a base area to connect with the base area in northern Shaanxi, and at the same time solve the problem of the expansion and development of the Red Army. The Red Army that participated in this crusade 130,000 people, the name of the expedition was "Chinese People's Red Army Anti-Japanese Vanguard".
In early February, ** led the anti-Japanese vanguard of the Chinese Red Army from Wayaobao (present-day Zichang County), through Yanchuan and Qingjian, to prepare to cross the Yellow River east and send troops to Shanxi. On the evening of February 5, ** traveled to Yuanjiagou, Qingjian County, and lived in the house of farmer Bai Yucai, which was used as a command post for crossing the Yellow River eastward. On February 6, snow fell in northern Shaanxi, and the land was shrouded in snow. **Get up early, step on the snowfield, excited, and have a lot of thoughts. He returned to the house, and on the landlord's small kang table, he wrote the famous poetry song "Qinyuan Spring Snow". Therefore, ** later wrote to Liu Yazi that this poem was written "when I first arrived in northern Shaanxi and saw heavy snow".
There are two situations in writing poetry: one is to touch the scene, and the other is to use the scene to express lyricism. The former is touched by external scenes, causing the expression of certain emotions; The latter is to have a certain emotion in the heart, and express it with the help of external scenery. **'s "Qinyuan Spring Snow" is obviously touching the scene. He wrote:
The scenery of the northern country, thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles of snow drifting. Looking inside and outside the Great Wall, only reckless; Up and down the river, suddenly lost and surging. The mountain dance silver snake, the original Chi wax elephant, wants to be higher than the heavenly public test. It must be a sunny day, and look at the red dress, which is extraordinarily enchanting.
There are so many delicate rivers and mountains, leading countless heroes to bend their waists. Pity the Qin Emperor and Han Wu, slightly lose the literary style; Tang Zong and Song Zu, slightly inferior**. A generation of Tianjiao, Genghis Khan, only knows how to bend the bow and shoot the eagle. The past, the number of romantic figures, but also look at the present.
** "Self-note" on this poem: "Snow: Opposing feudalism and criticizing one aspect of 2,000 years of feudalism." Literary collection, ** eagle, can only be so, you must know that this is writing poems (words)! Is it permissible to insult these people? Other explanations are wrong. The last three sentences refer to the proletariat. ”
This poem starts from the country, from the emperor's point of view, cleverly finds a connecting point in the relationship between ancient and modern, takes history as the base point, inks on reality, criticizes feudalism, and praises the proletariat. The idea is lofty and the rhetoric is beautiful. Through the snow of the northern country, the magnificence of the mountains and rivers of the motherland is written. This is the pinnacle of poetry creation, and it is the most accomplished and influential poem.
Liu Yazi is happy to get "Qinyuan Spring Snow".
**Handwriting "Qinyuan Spring Snow".
On August 28, 1945, ** took the plane to Chongqing to conduct peace negotiations with the Kuomintang. During the negotiations, ** talked and corresponded with Liu Yazi in Chongqing many times, and presented him with the book "Qinyuan Spring and Snow".
**In a letter to Liu Yazi, he said: "When I first arrived in northern Shaanxi and saw the heavy snow, I filled in a poem, which seemed to be slightly close to Mr. Poetry, and it was submitted for review. This poem is the famous "Qinyuan Spring Snow".
At that time, there were two kinds of ink for recording this poem: one was written on the letterhead of the "Office of the Eighteenth Group Army", and the other was written on the commemorative book of Liu Yazi. In the former, Liu Yazi gave it to Yin Shoushi, a painter who had painted a portrait of *** in Chongqing; The latter, Liu Yazi treasures it herself.
Liu Yazi read the "Qinyuan Spring Snow" given by the book, and was deeply encouraged and moved, and the poem was excited, and he wrote a song in mid-October
Qinyuan Spring. The second rhyme and the song of the snow are not all according to the original theme.
Twenty-load reunion, a new word, meaning the clouds. sigh that the green plum wine is sluggish, and the rest of the heart is confused; The Yellow River is turbid, and the whole world is surging. Adjacent to Di Shanyang, Boren is by me, and it is difficult to draw a sword and level the block. is very sad, crying unparalleled national soldiers, peerless and enchanting.
The talent is beautiful and delicate, and the people who look at the eternal words bend their waists. Even if Huangzhou is too guarded, he still loses his spirit; Jiaxuan layman, only to solve complaints. Laughing even more, Nalan Rongruo, Yan wants to carve with affection, Jun and I, we want to go to heaven and earth and grasp the present dynasty.
In mid-October, Liu Yazi quietly gave him a copy of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" given to him by *** and showed it to Yin Shoushi for reading, and said that he had written a poem. Out of reverence for ***, Yin Shoushi asked Liu Yazi for Mao's handwriting. Liu Yazi pondered for a while, and then gave it generously. Yin Shoushi asked Liu Yazi for peace again, and Liu Yazi gave it away. Yin Shoushi further asked Liu Yazi to write a piece of writing on Mao Ci. The full text is:
Mao Run's Qinyuan Spring is a rhyme, and Yu Tui is a swan song for the ages, although Dongpo and You'an are still stunned, regardless of the Southern Tang Dynasty Xiaoling and the Southern Song Dynasty. The sons of the CCP are forbidden to be broadcast, and they are as secretive as deep, and they are similar to the emperor's tone in the words, and they are worried about the assets of the attack; In fact, the subsections are in and out, how to hurt the sun and the moon. It is solid and high, and it is necessary to discuss it in detail with Run. Yu Yirun's open-mindedness and generosity, never humble himself with this, otherwise why write with Yu Zai. Love and the way of heaven cannot be heard of, and Enlai is still inevitably ridiculed from the following? Yu Citan is domineering, not self-deprecating, itchy and effective, with the vision of moisturizing, inferior, ashamed of himself! The thin stone is not only the portrait of Runzhi, but also the general idea of worshipping heroes; I love this word even more, I want to beg for it to have no way out, I can't bear the pain, and write and write, how many words are double? Thin stone is its eternal treasure.
On October 21, 1945, Yazi was recorded in his apartment in Jinnan Village, Yuzhou.
Liu Yazi was the first person to comment on "Qinyuan Spring Snow". This article is also the first article to comment on "Qinyuan Spring and Snow". Ba's concern that "the words resemble the emperor's tone, and the capital of the intended attack" was confirmed to be not superfluous by the later word war around the words of "Snow".
Wu Zuguang published "Qinyuan Spring" publicly
Soon after Liu Yazi wrote the harmony, he copied the words and his own harmony and sent them to the "Xinhua **" founded by the party in Chongqing to request that it be published at the same time. The person in charge of the newspaper told Liu Yazi that the public publication of ***'s poems was to ask *** for instructions, otherwise it could not be published. But at this time, *** has returned to Yan'an, and it takes a lot of time to go back and forth if you ask for instructions. After consultation with Liu Yazi, "Xinhua **" first published Liu Yazi's peace words on November 11.
After the publication of Liu's words, it attracted great attention from people from all walks of life. People know from the "small preface" after the title of Liu Ci that there is a "Yongxue" song, and they are eager to read it. As a result, some manuscripts of the words "Snow" began to circulate. At this time, Wu Zuguang, who served as the editor of the supplement "Western Night Tan" of the private newspaper "Xinmin Daily Evening Magazine" in Chongqing, first copied the manuscript of "Yongxue" from the painter Huang Miaozi. Huang Miaozi was copied from Wang Kunlun (1902-1985, a democrat, who organized the Three People's Comrades Federation and actively cooperated with the CCP in anti-Japanese activities). But there are some gaps. Wu Zuguang copied Mao Ci from two other places, but neither of them was the full draft. Wu Zuguang integrated the manuscripts copied from three places, and finally became a complete "Qinyuan Spring Snow".
Wu Zuguang believes that this poem is quite close to the Su Xin school of words from the perspective of the style of unrestrained and unrestrained, but I can't find any such majestic lyrics after looking for Su Xin words. At that time, his only thought was to publish it in his compilation of "Western Night Tales", "such a manuscript is the most wonderful manuscript that can be found, and it is a manuscript that cannot be given up no matter what." Some friends dissuaded Wu Zuguang from doing this, on the grounds that *** himself did not want people to know that he wrote poems in the old style, and "Xinhua **" only published Liu Yazi's words, and ***'s wishes should be respected. However, Wu Zuguang believes that "Xinhua**" is a Chinese newspaper, and of course it should be subject to the constraints of the party chairman, and it is a private newspaper that he edits, so what does it matter if it publishes this poem? So, on November 14, he published this integrated "Yongxue" poem in the second edition supplement of "Xinmin Daily Evening Magazine" "Western Night Tan". The title is "Mao Ci Qinyuan Spring", and a description is added at the end:
Mr. Mao Runzhi can write poetry, which seems to be little known. Those who copied the word "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" have a unique style, rich in literary feelings, and the great spirit is unattainable. According to Mao's self-proclaimed game, it is not enough for the youth law, and it is not enough for outsiders.
The siege of Chiang Kai-shek's chamber challenged
The publication of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" seemed to have dropped a bombshell in Chongqing, which immediately shook the mountain city and quickly spread to the whole country, forming a cultural war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Wu Zuguang was prosecuted by the Kuomintang for publishing Mao's speech and was forced to flee to Hong Kong.
First of all, Chiang Kai-shek's chamber (directly under Chiang's staff) planned to besiege "Qinyuan Spring and Snow": the Kuomintang authorities reprimanded the ** in charge of the news, and sent Deng Youde, deputy director of the Information Bureau of the Kuomintang Executive Yuan, to exert pressure on the "Xinmin Daily", saying that the "Xinmin Daily" published *** words to "surrender to the Communist Party for the sake of **'Zhang Mu'". Deng Youde also privately said to the general manager of "Xinmin Daily": "Brother! You're having fun, but we're having a hard time! ”
Under the instruction of Chiang Kai-shek's chamberlain, the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang directly convened a meeting to arrange the newspapers and periodicals under their control to besiege Mao Ci in the form of "harmony words". At that time, it was decided that Wang Xinming, the chief writer and supplement editor of **, would be responsible for the draft. As a result, very few manuscripts were submitted, and the plan went bankrupt. Wang Xinming had to go into battle in person, and wrote a poem "and words" under the pseudonym "Donglu Lyricist", which was published in the "** Supplement" on December 4
Qinyuan Spring, Ci Mao Runzhi.
Qinyuan Spring" rhyme.
The Anti-Japanese War Army was new, and he was ordered to make meritorious service and support Dongpiao. When wandering in the wrong way, the middle of the night is confused; Shocking, the world's frenzy. The plague is deep, the wall is difficult to regain, and the beacon fire in the Central Plains is high. But he turned his back, watched the killing and plundering of the land, and showed off his pride.
The mountains and rivers are beautiful and delicate, and the smiling heroes also bend their waists. I want to put pen to the winged king, and I am a talented algae; Charge the title wall, dreaming of **. It is a pity to mistake the side door, and in the end, the result is empty, and the cliff of Le Ma is deliberately carved. It's not too late, you have to put down the butcher's knife and become a Buddha today.
This reactionary literati reversed right and wrong in "words", distorted history, praised Chiang Kai-shek, slandered *** and shouted for the revolutionary people to let go **. On December 4, the Kuomintang Military Committee's "Peace**", formerly known as "Sweeping Newspapers", was renamed because of its notoriety), and on December 4, it also published "Qinyuan Chun" and "Words" written by the reactionary literati Yi Junzuo (1898 1972, who had long been engaged in newspaper culture in the Kuomintang military and political circles).
The national vein is like silk, the leaves fall and the flowers fly, and the stalks are broken and fluttering. The pain is all over the place, and the burden is in vain; There are so many feelings about it. Killing the Yellow Nest, the pit soldiers are white, how often do you see the higher the Demon Suppression Dao? Mingshenxuan, endure fragmentation, bury enchanting.
* Difficult to store Gillian, Ren Ye is bewitching and has a thin waist. Look at the lonely smoke of the desert, and capture the profits; Beauty vanilla, dead and left "Lisao". A thought is uneven, a thousand years of merit and crime, and the history is selfless and meticulously carved. It's just dawn, and it's a long night, and it's even more waiting for the Ming Dynasty.
In his words, the royal literati of the Chiang Kai-shek clique lamented that Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang regime had been "broken and broken" and "fragmented," and expressed a mood of helplessness and decay, and on the other hand, he was extremely hostile to the people's revolution and imagined that the Chiang Gang regime would be able to extinguish the revolutionary forces in the "Ming Dynasty."
On 4 December, the reactionary Yishi Bao also published a "harmony poem" written by a reactionary literati entitled "Qinyuan Spring: Hanging the Northern Battlefield," which was full of insults. On November 28, the "Ta Kung Pao," which was controlled by Wu Dingchang, a civil official of the Kuomintang Executive Yuan, proceeded from the purpose of "showing the public" the words "Yongxue" and Liu Yazi's harmony, and soon from December 8 to 12, he threw out a long article entitled "My View of Chinese History," attacking "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" as a "work of nostalgia" and "imperial thoughts."
In a short period of time, the newspapers and periodicals controlled by the Kuomintang successively published nearly 30 so-called "harmony words" and more than 10 articles, wantonly "encircled and suppressed" the "Yongxue" words. But no matter his thoughts, or his words, art, and literary brilliance, they are all despised by people. Chiang Kai-shek said angrily: "How can all capable people run to the Communist Party? How can our people be so uncompetitive! After that, he was unwilling to fail, recalling that he had not succeeded in engaging in cultural "encirclement and suppression" in the past, and this time he must save face in this contest around a poem. He thought, "There will be a brave man under the great reward!" He planned to hold a "Heavy Prize Essay Competition". But because no one participated in the talented people, and the participants were all mediocre talents, they quietly ended up and admitted it!
Guo Moruo took the lead in counterattacking
The cultural progressives in Chongqing were very angry at this reactionary act of the Kuomintang authorities, and immediately fought back, and a war of words began. Guo Moruo took the lead in coming forward and published his first poem and lyrics in the "Xinmin Daily Evening Magazine" on December 11
Qinyuan spring and *** rhyme.
The country is difficult, the cold and heat push each other, and the wind and rain are drifting. Nian Jiuyi entered the Kou, and Shenzhou was boiling; Eight years of anti-Japanese war, blood waves. The fields are mourning, emptying the Ming Peng, and the ocean is as high as the sun. When peace arrives, I hope to eliminate the enemy and hypocrisy, and remove Herao.
The West is beautiful and delicate, and Zhen Qianqian is wrapped in a thin waist in gold. put the remnant steel and scrap iron, and the former was exported to foreign countries; Aircraft cannons, after leading to the middle of the commotion. Covering the sky with one hand, the divine entrustment, and the desire to carve the people's strength to the fullest. It's ridiculous, learn to snipe Gong Maofu, four twilight and three dynasties.
This poem immediately aroused the irritation of the Kuomintang authorities, and the 11th issue of its royal publication, News World, published an article in which he exclaimed that Guo Ci was "using the topic to exert his 'anti-American' thinking." Then, Guo Moruo published the second poem "Qinyuan Spring" and lyrics, denouncing the article of "Ta Kung Pao" and Yi Junzuo's attack on Mao Ci. Guo Ci pointed out that they "say that they are emperors, they are heroes, and their skin is light", they are just "parrots turning over the coquettish", they are "rotten wood cannot be carved", and Mao Ci is praised as "graceful and graceful".
**, Tao Xingzhi, Deng Chumin participated in the war
At the beginning of 1946, in the liberated area of East China, he was leading the East China People's Liberation Army to fight against the enemy. He learned about the struggle in Chongqing in the form of Mao's "Qinyuan Spring" singing and form, and wrote 3 songs of "Qinyuan Spring" in a row to defend the "Yongxue" words of ***, one of which is:
Qin Yuanchun reprimanded the Kuomintang royal literati.
Mao Liu's new words, thrown to the altar, the revolution is crazy. Look at the royal literati, slander and chatter; The right door diners, the proverb is gushing. The swallow is in danger of nesting, Hongfei is scarce, how can the square inch Cen Lou be higher? Sigh, the real roots are servile, and the humiliation is **.
Since she was charming and delicate, she bent her waist for the five buckets. Sycophancy**, praise**; The flow is long and short, and it is a monster. Leather face washes the heart, and the public will still be kind to the public. It's better to see the sky overturned, and the martyrdom of the Chong Dynasty.
This poem is as clear as words, righteous and dignified, and has refuted, exposed, exhorted, and warned the Kuomintang royal literati, which is tantamount to sending a heavy shot to the Kuomintang camp in Chongqing.
In January 1946, the progressive journal "Democracy Star Journal" also participated in the battle against the Kuomintang siege of Mao Ci's "Qinyuan Chun". The publisher of the journal is Tao Xingzhi, an educator and member of the Standing Committee of the Democratic League, and the editor-in-chief is Deng Chumin, an educator and member of the Democratic League. They collaborated on a song "Qinyuan Spring, Reading Runzhi and Yazi Two Gentlemen Singing and Feeling", signed "Saint", which was published in the 16th issue of the journal on January 25. The original text is:
Looking at the southwest, thousands of ghosts are howling, and thousands of souls are floating. sigh that the people are old and young, hungry and cold; Up and down the court, sin is surging. I am the only one, the supreme, and the Mo Dao Dao is higher. You don't see it, and when you enter the arms of beauties, you feel even more enchanting.
Let him be charming and delicate, and I will not bend my waist with angry eyes. I, the masses of workers and peasants, only seek to live; Young students, don't complain. Don't think about it, return me to democracy, and the wood of rotten wood cannot be carved. yours and see the victory of the people, set for this day.
reactions
**I am very concerned about the social repercussions and struggles caused by the public publication of my words in Chongqing. Wang Ruofei, who stayed in Chongqing, paid attention to collecting articles published in newspapers and periodicals about the controversy of Mao's "Qinyuan Spring" and sent them to ***
On December 29, ** in the letter to Huang Qisheng (1879 1946, patriotic democrat, modern educator, actively carried out rural education. He once went to the liberated area for investigation and was received by ***. On April 8, 1946, he was killed when he and Ye Ting, Wang Ruofei and others were killed when they took a plane back to Yan'an, and they were known as one of the "48 martyrs" in history) in the letter, saying: "Ruofei sent all the documents to be read, and after reading, he begged to return them. Among them, the Kuomintang scolded people, the crows chirped and the cicadas were noisy, and they could spray rice and watch it. ”
The so-called "curse work of the Kuomintang" in the letter refers to those reactionary "harmony words" that attack "Qinyuan Spring and Snow." Huang Qisheng was in Yan'an at the time, he read ***'s letter, was inspired, and saw those "scolding works" of "crows and cicadas", filled with righteous indignation, and wrote a poem to fight back:
Qin Yuan Chun and Liu Yazi.
It is a natural fate, holding farewell to the red rock, and the spirit is fluttering. Remembering Guo She's party, Jun sighed negatively; Hengmen drank bitterly, and I gushed. Democracy is like a boat, civil rights are like water, and the tide is rising and the boat is not high? The distinction is very clear, he praises and laughs, and only understands the enchantment.
He Zeng Song Zi is really delicate, pretending to be pretending to twist his waist. Look at the sheep's stomach and sheep's head, full of pits and grains; Secret agents and secret arrests, disturbing and rioting. The way of heaven is good, the extremes of things must be reversed, and the rotten wood is carved by him! The arrangement is set, look at the father of Ju Sui, and go to the Malay Dynasty.
In the lyrics, the author recalls his friendship with Liu Yazi, exposes the corruption of the Kuomintang officialdom and the crimes of spies, and expresses his belief in the inevitable victory of the Communist Party and the people.
In Chongqing and even in the whole country, the struggle around the "Qinyuan Spring Snow" and the "Qinyuan Spring" word plate was provoked by the Kuomintang. From the outset, it was not a poetic academic debate, but a distinctly politically charged struggle. Although the CCP did not organize a counterattack, the revolutionary literati who fought back against the KMT were all staunch defenders of the CCP. Therefore, the essence of this war is a struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Relying on its political and military superiority, the Kuomintang tried to provoke this great war because it could not tolerate such a high reputation in terms of culture. As a result, it suffered a shameful failure, just like the previous cultural "encirclement and suppression". In the history of the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, there has never been a polemic around a poem, it is unprecedented; Since then, nothing like this has happened, so it's the last thing again. This war is a great spectacle in the history of modern Chinese culture and literature, and it is also an interesting episode in the history of the party.