**The Economic Work Conference pointed out that "digital intelligence technology and green technology should be widely used to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries". This is the need for China to take the initiative to adapt to and lead a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, consolidate and expand the foundation of the modern industrial system, and have a bearing on the overall situation of the construction of the modern industrial system.
Deeply understand the significance.
From a structural point of view, the modern industrial system includes traditional industries, emerging industries, future industries, etc., each of which has its own characteristics and is very closely related to each other. Traditional industries have many types, large volumes, wide markets and high output value, which are the foundation of the modern industrial system and play an indispensable key role in the industrial chain. Without traditional industries, many emerging industries and future industries cannot be completely recycled, and even the phenomenon of "broken chain" will occur. Judging from the law of industrial structure evolution in developed countries, some countries have not properly handled the relationship between traditional industries and emerging industries, and problems such as industrial hollowing out have emerged, which have a greater impact on economic growth. From a practical point of view, if traditional industries cannot achieve transformation and upgrading, it will lead to a decline in their international competitiveness, trigger overall or partial relocation, and cause a disconnect between R&D and manufacturing. Without the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, it is impossible to accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system that is independent and controllable, safe and reliable, and highly competitive.
The construction of a modern industrial system cannot be separated from the needs of society. Accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries will help expand domestic demand. Traditional industries are important employment channels, and accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries is conducive to stabilizing employment, stabilizing residents' income expectations, and enhancing residents' consumer confidence. Residents' needs include not only basic needs, but also improved needs and upgraded needs. At present, to expand domestic demand, China must not only consolidate and expand basic demand, but also continuously expand improved demand and upgraded demand. Traditional industries are not only the main part of meeting the basic needs of residents, but also conducive to expanding the demand for improvement and upgrading through transformation and upgrading. It should also be noted that the development of emerging industries and future industries is not only affected by supply-side factors such as scientific and technological progress, but also by the demand side. Accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries can continuously consolidate the advantages of China's super-large-scale market application scenarios, expand the demand for emerging industries and future industries, and further encourage scientific and technological progress, transformation of technological achievements, and enterprise innovation.
Traditional industries are the basic plate for China to participate in international competition and carry out cooperation in the global industrial chain. In recent years, with the general rise in the cost of domestic labor, resources and environment, some labor-intensive and resource-intensive industries have shifted to Southeast Asia, South Asia and other places. At the same time, developed countries have promoted the restructuring of the global industrial chain layout, and attracted the return of high-end links in the industrial chain by increasing R&D investment and introducing preferential policies. Accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries is the need to meet these challenges.
Guided by high-quality development.
China has entered a stage of high-quality development, and to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, we must be guided by high-quality development, firmly grasp the "bull's nose" of independent innovation, and work hard to consolidate the stock, expand the increment, extend the industrial chain, and improve the added value, so as to form a relatively complete industrial chain and industrial cluster, and promote the traditional industries to move towards high-end, intelligent, green and integrated.
First, promote traditional industries to move towards high-end. From the perspective of value-added rate, it is necessary to strengthen the value-added ability of traditional industries embedded in all links of the global value chain, so as to improve the status of the global value chain and increase the value-added rate of export products. From a structural point of view, it is necessary to enhance the domestic self-sufficiency rate of key links and core components, and continuously increase the market share of China's capital goods and intermediate goods. From the perspective of quality and products, it is necessary to guide enterprises to continuously improve the quality level and level of products and services around increasing varieties, improving quality and creating brands. It is necessary to increase the supply of high-end products and accelerate product iteration and upgrading; Improve quality management capabilities and improve product quality in an all-round way; Accelerate the construction of corporate brands, industrial brands and regional brands, and create a number of "Made in China" high-end brands with international competitiveness. From the perspective of power, it is necessary to turn to innovation-driven, promote the forging of long boards in the advantageous areas of traditional manufacturing industry, promote the extension of the strong chain and supplement the chain, strengthen the innovation and iteration of new technologies and new products, focus on the demand for consumption upgrading and weak links, vigorously develop new products, and accelerate breakthroughs and industrial applications in the fields of basic components, basic components, basic materials, basic software, basic processes and industrial technology foundations.
Second, promote traditional industries to move towards intelligence. It is necessary to conform to the trend of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, grasp the direction of digitalization, networking and intelligence, and accelerate the deep integration of information technology such as artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, 5G, and the Internet of Things with traditional industries. It is necessary to improve the digital level of R&D, design, production, enterprise management and other links, promote the development of digital design, digital control, digital management and digital services, and save design and production costs. It is necessary to realize network collaborative design and remote design through the application of network technology, realize information sharing in the production and manufacturing process, monitor and operate and maintain enterprise equipment, improve the accuracy and collaboration of products, management and services, promote the coordinated development of the industrial Internet and key industrial chains, and build a smart chain. It is necessary to vigorously develop intelligent products, intelligent manufacturing equipment, and intelligent factories, and promote the large-scale application of artificial intelligence in key industries. Through the introduction of artificial intelligence, the agility of decision-making and execution in design, production, management, service and other links can be realized, the design cycle is shortened, the production cost is reduced, and the impact of rising labor costs is resolved.
Third, promote traditional industries to move towards green. It is necessary to further optimize the structure, resolutely curb the blind development of high-energy-consuming and high-emission projects, promote energy-saving, carbon-reduction and green transformation in key industries such as steel, petrochemical, chemical, and building materials, accelerate the construction of green energy, promote the clean and efficient use of fossil energy such as coal, and improve the energy efficiency level of enterprises. Promote the greening of the whole chain of the industrial chain and the whole life cycle of products, accelerate the construction of green factories, green parks and green chains, and promote the development of green design, green procurement, green manufacturing, green circulation, green finance, green consumption, green management, etc.
Fourth, promote the integration of traditional industries. From the perspective of industry, it is necessary to promote the integrated development of traditional manufacturing and modern service industries, promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, promote the integrated development of traditional industries and emerging industries, and deepen business associations, chain extension, and technology penetration. From the perspective of resource utilization, it is necessary to promote the coupling development of industries and realize the cascade utilization of energy resources and industrial convergence. From the perspective of factors, it is necessary to promote the organic integration of new elements and traditional elements, and promote the development of new models and new formats.
Create a good environment for development.
To accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, it is necessary to increase support and create a good development environment for them.
The first is to strengthen the guarantee of key elements. Give full play to the use of new high-quality production, concentrate superior resources, and promote the research and application of core technologies and key products in traditional industries. Support the growth of technology-based small, medium and micro enterprises in traditional industries. Support enterprises in traditional industries to carry out technological transformation or increase R&D investment through a variety of financing methods, and achieve transformation and upgrading through mergers and acquisitions. Implement the policy of additional deduction of R&D expenses of enterprises, implement the income tax credit policy for enterprises to purchase special equipment for environmental protection, energy conservation and water saving, safety production, etc., and encourage enterprises to increase investment in innovation. Guide banking institutions to increase credit support for the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and encourage industrial investment to increase support for traditional manufacturing industries. Expand the scale of training of high-quality technical and skilled personnel, build training bases, and cultivate a group of digital transformation talents, advanced manufacturing technology talents and high-quality engineers for traditional industries. Vigorously promote the spirit of entrepreneurship and craftsmen, and inject strong spiritual power into the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.
The second is to activate the demand potential. In line with the trend of upgrading residents' consumption, we should combine the expansion of consumption with the improvement of people's quality of life, promote the development of consumption in a green, healthy and safe manner, and steadily raise the level of residents' consumption. Improve the quality of basic consumption such as food and clothing, promote the increase in the supply of high-quality basic consumer goods, and promote the same line, same standard and same quality of domestic and foreign products. Promote the green renewal and quality upgrading of residents' durable consumer goods, and better meet the consumption demand of medium and high-end consumer goods. Cultivate and build an international consumption center city and create a number of regional consumption centers. Promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas and unleash the potential of domestic demand. By promoting the in-depth integration and development of producer services and manufacturing, and promoting the embedding of service elements such as R&D and design, business services, and communication technology into manufacturing products, the form and mode of existing products or services will be significantly expanded, and the experience of end consumers will be enriched to a greater extent. Promote enterprises to discover consumer needs more accurately through the use of big data, further tap the potential needs of consumers and create new demand, promote the use of digital technology and new factors to reshape industrial forms and business operation models, promote the connection between producers and consumers, and achieve a dynamic balance between supply and demand.
The third is to optimize the way of organization. Give full play to the advantages of resource endowment and industrial foundation in various places, and optimize the layout of productive forces. Promote the orderly transfer of key industries at home and abroad, and guide key links in the industrial chain to stay in China. Strengthen the capacity building of the central and western regions and the northeast region to undertake industrial transfer. Support the development of resource-based cities to continue to replace industries, and increase efforts to support the construction of demonstration zones for industrial transformation and upgrading. Deepen the division of labor in the industrial chain of traditional industries, cultivate a number of advanced manufacturing clusters and small and medium-sized enterprise characteristic industrial clusters that can play a leading role, and enhance the competitiveness of traditional industrial clusters. Encourage enterprises to actively integrate into the global industrial chain system, improve transnational business capabilities and levels, carry out international industrial chain cooperation, and build a safe, stable, mutually beneficial and win-win industrial chain cooperation system.
Author: Zhang Qizai, special researcher of the Research Center for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and deputy director of the Institute of Industrial Economics).
*:Economy**.