If there is a dynasty in history that everyone is angry about, the Southern Song Dynasty must be at the top of the list, the Southern Song Dynasty did not start too well, but completely gave up ** under the peace of Song Gaozong and Qin Hui, and would rather steal peace than send troops to the Northern Expedition, without the initial courage, the Southern Song Dynasty emperors in the back did not have much impact except for Song Xiaozong's Longxing Northern Expedition.
The Northern Expedition failed several times.
Although the Southern Song Dynasty had a population of 70 million at its peak and the most developed economy in the world at that time, the whole country has always had a mentality of favoring the south of the Yangtze River, resulting in the failure of each Northern Expedition due to the lack of elite soldiers and good generals. It's already good that the rear is not rippling, so why did the Northern Expedition fail repeatedly in the Southern Song Dynasty for more than a hundred years? It's not even as good as the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1162), Song Gaozong's Zen throne was given to his adopted son Zhao Yan, who was Song Xiaozong, Song Xiaozong has been lamented by later generations as a well-timed, ambitious Southern Song Dynasty Mingjun, but the Southern Song Dynasty he just took over was a mess of peace and partial peace up and down the court, but after he inherited the throne, he was determined to recover the Central Plains homeland.
Territories ceded by the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the first year of Longxing (1163), the relationship between Song and Jin was tense, and Song Xiaozong decided to preemptively launch the Northern Expedition, with Zhang Jun as the commander, leading 80,000 troops and 60,000 logistics people, known as 200,000 soldiers to crusade against the Jin Dynasty in two ways, and recovering many places in a row within a month of the war.
But with the counterattack of the Jin army, the successive defeats and the discord of the Song army's main generals, the army's morale was seriously weakened, the battle of Fuli, the Song army was defeated, and fled south all the way to the armor, and here, the Northern Expedition had actually failed, and in the face of the aggressive Jin army, Song Xiaozong had no choice but to issue the "Guilty Edict" and chose to negotiate peace with the Jin people again.
Ultimately failed. In the "Longxing Peace Agreement" signed with the Jin people, the Song and Jin kingdoms are the countries of uncles and nephews, the Jin countries are uncles, and the Southern Song Dynasty is nephewsAlthough the annual coin decreased by 50,000 taels and 50,000 horses of silk per year, the Southern Song Dynasty needed itCut the six states of Tang, Deng, Hai, Si, Shang and Qin to the Jin State, and cut the land and pay compensation, which is very humiliating.
But even so, later generations evaluated Song Xiaozong and called him the first Ming monarch of the Southern Song Dynasty (Zhuo Ran is the head of the emperors of NanduSong Xiaozong is like this, and the achievements of the later emperors can be imagined.
Song Xiaozong. Let's talk about why the mighty Longxing Northern Expedition failed, the biggest pot is still Zhao Gou's, Zhao Gou broke his backbone, did not hesitate to commit suicide generals, abandoned the military system, and declared himself a vassal to the enemy, under the rule of more than 20 years of peace, the Southern Song Dynasty at this time had neither elite soldiers nor unscrupulous generals, and could only take the stubborn Zhang Jun as the main commander.
Zhao Gou resolutely surrendered.
And Zhang Jun is already Song Xiaozong's only choice, under the scourge of Qin Hui for many years, in addition to the surrender faction, the main peace faction that can do things in the court is the main and the faction that is content with the status quo, and there are very few main battle factions, and only the old qualified Zhang Jun can speak, so the commander of the Northern Expedition can only let him serve.
The second is that Song Xiaozong did not dare to break with Zhao Gou's lineage, Song Xiaozong was originally in the Taizu lineage, in the late Northern Song Dynasty, he could only be regarded as a commoner with the name of the clan, and the legal principle of his rule was Zhao Gou, as long as Zhao Gou was alive for one day, he could not completely break with the previous Zhao Gou's henchmen, the key Zhao Gou had a long life, and the emperor was still in office for decades, and he could only follow Zhao Gou's will if he wanted to stabilize the throne.
The opponent of the Jin State, although there are only more than 6 million Jurchen people of the own ethnic group, but these are all Jurchen military households, which can be conscripted to fight, and under the mobilization of the whole country, hundreds of thousands of soldiers can be mobilized, far exceeding the Northern Expeditionary Army of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The so-called reformed people are the soldiers and civilians from the north and the south, and the north also belonged to the people of the Song Dynasty, but after decades of peace of mind, they actually regarded the northern Central Plains as a place outside the frontier, but the people of Nantou here were called "reformed people" by the Southern Song Dynasty, and they were guarded against and vigilant.
This is also the reason why talents like Xin Qiji can appear but cannot be reused in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty has been suppressing and discriminating against reformed people."He is only allowed to send an official position, but not to send himLimit their power.
Xin Qiji has been suppressed all his life.
Xin Qiji's life was full of ups and downs, he entered the Southern Song Dynasty at the age of twenty-three, and was dismissed many times, and the highest position was only the position of local governor and pacification envoy, so he spent decades in the Southern Song Dynasty, until he was conscripted during the Northern Expedition of Kaixi, at this time Xin Qiji was sixty-eight years old, and died soon after, which is really regrettable.
Xin Qiji's illness is like this, not to mention other people from the north of Nantou, in the final analysis, it is the Southern Song Dynasty's various restrictions on them, Shi Hao, the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, claimed".There are no heroes in the Central Plains, if there is, why not die gold? Victory, Guang to the thorns and thorns to kill Qin, will treat our soldiers, not heroes
What do you mean? That is to say, civilians such as Chen Sheng and Wu Guang can destroy the Qin Dynasty, if these reformed people have the ability, they can directly destroy the Jin Dynasty in the Central Plains, but now they are waiting for the support of the Southern Song Dynasty's soldiers and horses, it seems that their ability is really not good, and it is not worth being reused.
Wang Shi set the Central Plains in the north, and it can only be in a dream.
Shi Hao's words also represent the general view of the Southern Song Dynasty scholars on these reformed people, Shi Hao's son Shi Miyuan became the prime minister after he was the same as his father, he was in power for decades, monopolized power, and guarded against the reformed people, poor Xin Qiji and Lu You have been waiting for Wang Shi to set the Central Plains in the north, but they encountered such a court.
If the peak of the combat effectiveness of the Southern Song Dynasty, it must be the Yuejia army, the battle of Yingchang and the battle of Zhuxian Town made the Jin army tremble, the entire Southern Song Dynasty did not have an army's combat effectiveness more than the Yuejia army, regardless of the military heart or strength, although the Longxing Northern Expedition mobilized about 100,000 troops, Duanping into Luo had 60,000 people, but the combat effectiveness was far inferior to the Yuejia army.
After the death of Fengbo Pavilion, the Southern Song Dynasty no longer had an army as capable of fighting as the Yue family's armyFor future generations, Prince Yue's biggest resentment is not just Fengbo Pavilion, but that he has no successorAt most, there was a Meng Hui and Yu Jue in the late Southern Song Dynasty, but they were only good at defensive warfare, not offensive field warfare.
Lord Yue. Not only are there few famous generals, but even the troops are insufficient, although the Southern Song Dynasty claims to have 800,000 troops, but in fact, most of them are empty book figures, which is also a tacit thing in the Southern Song Dynasty, and later Jia Rudao wanted to thoroughly check the roster, but directly let a large number of generals go north directly to surrender to the enemy, after all, it really can't stand the inspection, it can be said that the available soldiers in the Southern Song Dynasty are about 200,000 people, in addition to the defense of various places, how many can support the Northern Expedition?
Don't look at the Longxing Northern Expedition after the Kaixi Northern Expedition, Lianmeng to destroy Jin, Duanping into Luo, etc., but in fact, they are all extensions of the Southern Song Dynasty's internal fighting and party struggle, many times it is because of the internal struggle and the Northern Expedition, throughout the Southern Song Dynasty, the main battle faction and the main peace faction from the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty to the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, it has not stopped.
Longxing Northern ExpeditionIt was Song Xiaozong who enabled the main battle faction Zhang Jun to clear the main peace faction after Qin Hui's death, but unfortunately failed, Zhang Jun**, Tang Siwei of the main and faction returned to power;
Kaixi Northern ExpeditionIt was Han Yanxuan of the main battle faction who initiated the "Qingyuan Party Ban", destroyed all the science factions, and then went on a northern expedition, but the result was defeat again, and he was killed by Empress Yang and Shi Miyuan of the main and faction;
Duanping entered Luo, and lost his wife and soldiers.
And behind Lianmeng's annihilation of Jin and Duanping's entry into Luo, there are also compromises and controversies of infightingThe Jin Dynasty was gone, and in the face of the Mongol army, the Southern Song Dynasty continued to fight, first seizing Meng Heng's military power, and then forcing Yu Jue to death, checking the roster, Liu Chuan and others directly went north, fighting back and forth, and finally the Southern Song Dynasty perished.
Similar to the Southern Song Dynasty is actually the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the same alien extinction, the same preference for the south of the Yangtze River, the Northern Expedition of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is much better than the Southern Song Dynasty, although the results are not large, but the combat effectiveness can be opened with the north, Liu Yu will not say, Huan Wen, Xie Xuan's military ability is also obvious to all, Huan Wen's Xifu Army and Xie Xuan's Beifu Army were first-class elite soldiers at that time.
The Eastern Jin Dynasty also cooked, but it was much better than the Southern Song Dynasty.
The more striking contrast is that the household registration of the Southern Song Dynasty is about 20 times that of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty is due to the lack of manpower resulting in insufficient troops, and the south has not been opened on a large scale at that time, but the Southern Song Dynasty already has a population of 70 million and the most developed economy at that time, each Northern Expedition has only tens of thousands of elite soldiers, far inferior to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty also recovered Luoyang five times, and the number of Northern Expeditions far exceeded that of the Southern Song Dynasty.
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