Recently, the "Second Civil War in the United States" has become a hot international news.
The trigger for this "uprising" was the issue of immigration.
To put it simply, after the Democratic Party came to power, for the sake of votes, it deliberately allowed the world's Runren to come to the United States through Mexico, and most of them took the line of Texas.
As a result, a group of Republican "redneck" states, led by Texas, have long been plagued by illegal immigration.
The territory of the Democratic Party is generally far from the U.S.-Mexico border.
So we see that in terms of immigration policy, the Democratic Party has borrowed flowers to make Republican states bear the social costs of illegal immigration - the "blue state" has won votes; The "red state" is a mess of immigrants.
However, if you compare the partisan stance in the 1860s when the United States was actually fighting the Civil War, it seems that this is completely different from the current state.
It can even be said that it is directly screwed.
At that time, it was the Republican Party that supported "Americans who came, no matter what color they were", and they were basically in the northern industrial states.
Conservatives who insist on white supremacy and don't treat people of color as human beings are Democratic Party with a strong mass base in the plantation economic region of the southern United States.
Typically, Texas, the "leading big brother" of the Republican Party, is also one of the major rebel states of the American Civil War in 1861-1865 - it is the Republican Lincoln who is challenged.
Then, let's briefly take a look at how these two parties have undergone a "great transformation".
In fact, when the United States was first founded, it had not yet developed a mature political party model. The leading groups are all well-known squires, intellectuals, militia leaders, and so on, and their interests are relatively consistent.
Moreover, at that time, the right to vote in the United States was also very restrictive, and only white adult males with a certain amount of property were eligible to vote.
Therefore, at the beginning, the activities of the United States were still simple, and there were not so many contradictions.
For example, in the first ** Washington, he did not belong to any party.
However, as the size of the country continued to expand and the suffrage was further decentralized, the number of participants increased, and the area involved became larger, and the political activities in the United States began to become more complicated.
In 1791, the ancestor of the Democratic Party of the United States was founded, called the "Democratic Republican Party", which was founded by the third Jefferson of the United States.
In 1828, the Democratic-Republican Party changed its name to "Democratic". At this time, the slave states in the southern United States, especially the conservative plantation owners, were all "die-hard fans" of the Democratic Party back then.
In contrast, the Republican Party came out much later.
In 1854, the Whig Party, which had come out of the Democratic Republican Party, held a convention with the Northern Democratic Party and other anti-slavery factions, and together they gathered the "Republican Party."
The Republican ideology was radical and left-wing at the time — sympathetic to working people, opposed slavery, encouraged women's political participation, and advocated for an amendment to the Act to open immigration policies for people of color (under the American Naturalization Act of 1790, only liberal white immigrants of good character were eligible to be "naturalized" as Americans).
At that time, most of the industrial states in the northern United States belonged to the main vote base of the Republican Party.
In 1856, two years after the Republican Party was founded, it participated in *** for the first time but suffered a setback.
At this time, the Republican candidate was Femont, who was a staunch opponent of slavery.
Unfortunately, Famont's policies were so aggressive that they lost votes in swing states at the last minute.
However, even if Famont failed to become the leader, the Republican Party made its presence felt in the campaign; In the congressional election, there was a tie with the Democratic Party, and the seats of the two parties showed a 1:1 state.
Four years later, in 1860, Republican Lincoln finally succeeded in the White House – the first Republican in American history**.
At this time, the contradictions between the North and the South in the United States have become more and more irreconcilable.
Although the Republican Party and its supporters oppose slavery, it does have to do with humanitarianism;
But on the other hand, it was driven by group interests - at this time, the industrial revolution had begun in the United States, and the business owners in the North were in great need of cheap free labor; Over there, the plantations in the south control the plantations of cotton, tobacco and sugar cane.
In addition, with the development of the westward expansion movement and the expansion of the territory of the United States, the tension between the two sides was further intensified around the vast western territory of the new "start"—the South wanted to expand the slave states to develop plantations, while the North tried to build a free state to develop industry.
On April 12, 1861, the American Confederate forces launched a heavy artillery bombardment of Fort Sumter, and the Civil War officially began.
On September 22, 1862, at the height of the war, Lincoln** issued the Emancipation Proclamation;
On April 9, 1865, at Appomatopox, General Robert Lee, commander-in-chief of the Confederate forces, surrendered to General Grant, commander-in-chief of the Confederate forces. The American Civil War ended.
Soon after, Lincoln was assassinated, but his governing philosophy was passed down by the Republican Party.
Typical is this "landing nationality system" with American characteristics - as long as you were born in the United States, you are an American.
This easily explains why those illegal immigrants are willing to "black" in the United States, and act as cattle and horses for their employers, who do not have the strictest and most protective protection - bear with them for now, and must give birth to their children in the United States. Wait for the next generation to become an adult before applying for naturalization for your parents. At least it's okay to get at least a green card.
And this "landing nationality system" comes from the Republican-led "Civil Rights Act of 1866" more than 150 years ago.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 provided that all persons born in the United States and not of any foreign power, including emancipated black slaves, were citizens of the United States, except for untaxed Indians. In order to prevent this bill from being repealed by Congress, the Republican Party introduced the 14th Amendment to the Constitution, which was passed in Congress two years later after the efforts of the federal legislature. At the constitutional level, it is clear that "birthright citizenship" means that all births are U.S. citizens within the territory of the United States.
Twist it, this bill, which the Republican Party in the United States is extremely disgusted with today, is actually the one that their old-timers have come up with.
Overall, from the birth of the Republican Party to the 1930s, the Democratic Party has always had obvious conservatism, racism, and sexism; And the Republican Party is the one who pays attention to "political correctness".
Unexpectedly, with the coming to power of Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt, the script began to reverse.
At this time, both the Donkey and the Elephant Party were under the influence of modern industrial development and the new scientific and technological revolution, and the north-south contradiction between free labor, plantation economy, and industrial development no longer existed. And the large number of urban unemployed people caused by the economic crisis is one of the most urgent social problems in the United States.
People of color make up a high percentage of the unemployed in these cities.
After the Civil War, blacks were no longer slaves, but they also struggled to enjoy full American citizenship. Especially in the rural areas of the southern states, racial discrimination is very serious, and the Ku Klux Klan has never stopped targeting the African American community. As a result, many blacks had to travel to the big cities of the North and West Coast in search of work. For example, in the early 20th century, the old industry of the Great Lakes gathered a large number of industrial workers of African descent.
In 1933, the Democratic Party of the United States came to power and immediately launched the "Roosevelt New Deal". The power of the federal government was mobilized to provide relief to the poor and unemployed people in the middle and lower classes, and to promote the construction of social and public works.
This has given a large number of unemployed blacks access to aid and job opportunities, and the Democratic Party's reputation among the black community has begun to grow more positive.
Later, with the outbreak of World War II, the growing demand for the military industry further stimulated the American economy, and blacks got more benefits.
During the same period, the Democratic Party also managed to gain the support of the unions. Under the influence of the trade unions, a portion of the African-American urban population gradually switched to the Democratic Party.
However, in order to suppress prices and alleviate the economic crisis, the "Roosevelt's New Deal" tried to meddle in the distribution of interests in the agricultural states of the South, which immediately annoyed many local "opinion leaders."
In addition, he repealed Prohibition at the national level, which also hurt a large number of conservatives.
In this situation, Southern voters began to continue to be suspicious of the Democratic Party, and instead felt that the Republican Party was becoming more and more pleasing to the eye.
The 1948 election marked a surge in Democratic support among the population of the northern cities; Some conservative Democrats have switched to the Republican Party, changed their identities, and continued to confront their old colleagues.
In the same year, the newly elected Democratic Party ** Truman announced that the segregation of the military system would be phased out.
By 1963, the Democratic Party ** Kennedy proposed the "Civil Rights Act" to the U.S. Congress; The following year, Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act.
It was also officially at this stage that the Republican Party began to harvest all kinds of votes in the South; The Democratic Party, on the other hand, has increasingly focused on the support of minorities and urban populations.
Even so, some Southern Democrats cling to old-fashioned conservative ideas. For example, in 1963, Alabama's Democratic Governor, George Wallace, personally blocked the school gate to prevent blacks from entering the university.
If he could have expected that more than half a century later, his Democratic juniors would collectively kneel down to a black man under the leadership of the speaker of the House of Representatives, and it is estimated that the coffin board would have to be kicked to rot.
Eventually, around the early 1990s, the two parties had completed a full "role reversal."
The Republican Party's "fans" are mainly big business owners and oligarchs who advocate the idea of absolute free markets, religious conservatives, and white supremacists in the southern agricultural states.
They believe that it is these "cheap immigrants" who steal their jobs, disrupt social order, and bring drugs and crime.
The "blue states" of the Democratic Party are basically mainly distributed in the northeast, the Great Lakes region in the north, the east and west coasts, and the major metropolitan agglomerations of each state. Most of them belong to areas with developed economies, a high proportion of middle-class population, many job opportunities, and high population mobility, which attract immigrants.
Not only are these states far from the U.S.-Mexico border (with the exception of California, which is dominated by high-tech industries), but most of them focus on mid-to-high-end industries. In contrast, most immigrants are generally less educated than the locals, so the impact on these mid- to high-end jobs is smaller. On the contrary, it is more necessary for those "old inks" who do not have basic legal guarantees and political power to undertake all kinds of dirty work.
Having said all this, some people may finally ask - donkey elephant The two parties do not have a benchmark party platform, and let the members of the party arbitrarily modify the direction and values of governance? If you want to change your identity, change your identity?
This is really true, these two parties have never had a fixed party program. It is used as the "party program", that is, the campaign program of the first time, written every four years, and voted and passed at the party congress that determines the first candidate, and the specific content is mainly related to how to win the election, and it is very time-sensitive.
To some extent, the two parties are not so much "political parties" as two groups of people formed for the sake of balancing interests. Not only do they not have a party constitution and party program in the true sense, but they are also relatively casual in the management of party members, and there are frequent changes in personnel and great differences.
Typical, like Reagan, who has been hailed as "one of the greatest Americas of the 20th century". In his early years, under the influence of the union, he joined the Democratic Party, and later switched to the Republican Party - the owner who admired him and was willing to support him was a Republican.
In short, it is still the old saying that behind almost all the behavioral logic of the United States and political parties, it is ultimately the interests of capital. In many cases, in these democratically elected countries in the West, the real voters are not those who vote, but those who throw money.
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