Recently, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, the Indo-Pakistani war, the Burmese civil war, the Russia-Ukraine war, and the US air strikes on Syria ......The entry has been hanging on the hot search for a long time.
Click on the screen to see the planes that keep dropping bombs, the houses that have been bombed full of holes, and the ...... of children covered in scarsThat's what's going on in the world right now.
Although the Chinese are not at the center of these incidents, in 1998, hundreds of thousands of Chinese on the streets of Indonesia were crying and experiencing the same painful and unwarranted disasters as the above-mentioned people.
Violent and brazen Indonesians rushed to shops, restaurants, banks and ...... owned by the ChineseNot only did they loot all their belongings, but they also frantically aimed their guns, sticks, and sharp knives at the Chinese.
The corpses of Chinese people are piled up horizontally, and the cries of adults and children resound throughout the city, and the otherwise neat and orderly streets of Jakarta look eerie at this time.
In this catastrophe, countless Chinese were brutally subjected.
So why is Indonesia treating the Chinese so cruelly? How did our country deal with this news after learning about it?
By September 1965, Indonesia's political situation had changed dramatically when a military clique led by Suharto staged a coup d'état and overthrew Suharno and established his own regime.
Former Sukarno was a pro-Soviet faction that had previously worked to expand Indonesia's Communist Party ranks. He has always been friendly to socialist China, and visited China in 1962.
On the other hand, Suharto, who took office later, is a complete ** faction. As soon as he took office, he hurriedly expressed his loyalty to the United States, and promulgated many bans specifically targeting Chinese, such as:It is forbidden to use Chinese, to prohibit Chinese from going to university, and to ......prohibit Chinese from doing businessSecond, he directly announced that he would purge the Communist Party in Indonesia
Previously, China, as a socialist country, had vigorously helped the Indonesian Communist Party, and many Chinese were also members of the Indonesian Communist Party.
In order to divert the conflict, Suharto spread rumors that China had single-handedly caused the coup, and many locals who did not know what was going on or who had long been dissatisfied with the Chinese began to gather against the Chinese.
Thus, the first ** against the Chinese began.
By 1966, not only local residents, but also the ** and the army were openly anti-Chinese. The Chinese who were burned, killed and looted were really overwhelmed, and they could only pin their hopes on the Chinese embassy, but what they did not expect was that the Indonesian side did not even let go of the embassy and wantonly expelled the embassy staff.
According toFar Eastern Economic ReviewAccording to incomplete statistics, at least 100,000 Chinese died in this absurd catastrophe.
In 1998, 33 years later, a large-scale anti-Chinese incident broke out again in Indonesia.
In 1997, the Asian financial crisis spread from Thailand to the world, and Indonesia, as the largest country in Southeast Asia, naturally did not escape the catastrophe. The domestic economy is declining day by day, and people's complaints are getting louder and louder, and Suharto, as the ruler, naturally has a responsibility that cannot be escaped.
However, from May 13 to 15, 1998, a movement originally launched to overthrow the Suharto regime was once again planned by well-intentioned people and inexplicably developed into a "Chinese exclusion" ** movement.
On the streets of Jakarta, vehicles were running in an orderly manner, and pedestrians were in a hurry. Suddenly, buses full of locals came in, and the people on the buses were agitated and dancing and shouting.
After the car stopped, they jumped directly from the window and scattered a few roads with various **s. Some directly killed men with Chinese faces, some killed women and children and then killed them, some rushed into Chinese shops and looted the goods, and some took lit sticks and burned down Chinese houses and ......Do no evil, lose your heart.
The streets that were calm one second are eerie hell the next.
According to statistics, in Jakarta alone, more than 5,000 Chinese factories, shops, houses, and residences were burned down, about 150 Chinese women were killed, and nearly 1,200 Chinese were killed.
So why does Indonesia treat the Chinese so cruelly? The reason for this is not difficult to understand.
First, it is necessary to start withHistorical reasonsSpeaking of.
At that time, Indonesia was still a colony of the Netherlands, and in order to maintain their long-term rule, the Dutch insidiously and cunningly came up with a way to divert the contradiction - dividing the Chinese and the aborigines into different classes, and using the Chinese to exploit the Indonesian natives, and also publicizing that "the Chinese are oppressing you" and "the Chinese make you so poor" ......
In order to intensify the contradictions between the two ethnic groups, so as to achieve the goal that the two ethnic groups cannot cooperate against them.
This did work, and after a long time, these Indonesians, who did not know whether it was black and white, really thought that their suffering and poverty were caused by the Chinese, and planted a bomb for their "Chinese exclusion" later.
And although the business of the Chinese is doing well, the number of Chinese is still not half as bad as that of the Indonesian natives, so they are often bullied by the Indonesians, and they have no power to fight back. Over time, bullying Chinese has become a tradition in society.
Second,Economic reasons, which is also the root cause.
Since the Tang Dynasty, Chinese who chose to go south due to war began to settle on various islands in Southeast Asia, and by the 20th century, Indonesia, located in Sumatra, became the place with the largest number of Chinese.
As the saying goes, the Chinese can create wealth wherever their brains go. It is also true that these Chinese who came to Indonesia quickly broke out a road to wealth among the lazy and brainless locals with their smart and flexible minds and hard-working qualities, and drew a clear line with those locals.
You know, the Chinese in Indonesia at that time accounted for only 5% of the total number, but 70% of Indonesia's economy at that time was controlled by the Chinese, so you can imagine how rich the Indonesian Chinese were at that time.
Most of the Indonesian natives are so poor that they have to worry about three meals a day. They felt that the Chinese, as outsiders, not only occupied their own land, but also lived so much more nourished and relaxed than them. This gap between the rich and the poor has led to extreme hatred of the rich among some cynical Indonesians.
Third,Political reasonsIt is also an important factor contributing to the rise of anti-Chinese sentiment in Indonesia.
At that time, Indonesia's economy was rapidly depressed due to the impact of the Asian financial crisis, domestic prices were soaring, and the name of the "Four Little Tigers" in Asia was wiped out overnight.
On May 12, the military shot six students to death in an attempt to suppress the marchers. The crowd was outraged, and the next day a nationwide violence erupted.
As a **, Suharto, of course, can't allow this to happen, and he must get out of it as soon as possible. So he and the commander of the special forces, Prabowo Subianto, who is also his son-in-law, planned to divert domestic attention and pressure by provoking ethnic antagonism to get the public's attention to the Chinese Indonesians.
Moreover, because most of the Chinese in Indonesia at that time did not have the awareness of participating in politics, and devoted themselves to economic and other causes, it led to their low political discourse, and when they encountered unfair events, they had no way to express their demands and protect their rights and interests in a timely manner, so that those Indonesians had loopholes to exploit.
Fourth, it is also an aspect that cannot be ignoredCultural reasons
You must know that Indonesia has the largest number of Islamic followers in the world, and most of the people who have come from China have been influenced by traditional Chinese culture since childhood, believing in Buddhism and Taoism. This has led to great differences between the two ethnic groups in terms of cultural upbringing, ideological concepts, and so on, and at the same time, they will be accompanied by various conflicts and contradictions, and even irreconcilable.
Therefore, based on the above reasons, the anti-Chinese sentiment that has been pent up in the hearts of Indonesians for many years has finally been released, and there has been this shocking incident of ** Chinese.
In the aftermath of the incident, not only did China strongly condemn Indonesia's inhumane acts, but also the world's voices criticizing Indonesia.
The New York Times and Singapore's Lianhe Zaobao newspaper published reports on the incident, exposing the cruelty of the Indonesians.
The Indonesian side began to come under increasing pressure from abroad, and finally, under pressure, it took them exactly five years before they began to deal with the more than 200 high-ranking military officers involved in the matter and secretly signed the so-called"Memorandum of Understanding between China and India".
Later,Indonesia not only refused to count the number of Chinese who were killed, but also refused to apologize for the incident, and even the local people in Indonesia refused to talk about it.
This can't help but make everyone's hearts chill!
Then some people will ask, since our Chinese have suffered such unfair treatment under the eyes of the whole world, it is obvious that Indonesia does not take China behind the Chinese seriously, then why did China not send troops to interfere with them at that time?
In fact, at the beginning of the matter, the Chinese people asked for help from China. After China** got the news, it immediately put forward a serious and strong ** to the Indonesian side, but the Indonesian side did not think so.
And even then, China cannot send troops to intervene.
The reasons for this are also understandable: first, as early as the famous Bandung Conference in 1955, our country had signed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence with Indonesia and other countries, namely"Mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence".
Since the Chinese had already chosen their nationality before, the Chinese who were still in Indonesia at that time basically chose their Indonesian nationality independently, which means that they are already Indonesians. If China intervenes, it will interfere in Indonesia's internal affairs. If the troops are dispatched, it will be even more invading Indonesia's territory, and it will do more harm than good to maintain world peace and stability.
Second, China also had to deal with many problems at home, such as the devastating flood in 1998 and the financial crisis affecting the domestic economy, so it was unable to send troops to fight in foreign countries.
So no matter how you look at it, sending troops is not a perfect solution.
Although China was unable to send troops to deter Indonesia, China did not just sit idly by, in fact, as early as 1965, when the first ** Chinese, China fully played the role of a strong backing and harbor for the Chinese, and the whole thing was carried outFour times to take overseas Chinese back to China
The first time was on September 14, 1966. Before dawn, I saw a well-prepared and ready-to-go steamer parked at the new wharf of Huangpu Port in Guangzhou. When the day dawned, the ship was called"Guanghua Wheel".The big ship officially set sail at the dawn.
More than ten days later, it was carried1006 ChineseSmoothly returned to China, so that these Chinese who were in danger of being poisoned were well settled.
The second time was on November 20, 1966, and the "Guanghua Wheel" carried it again1076 ChineseSmooth homecoming.
The third time was on January 19, 1967, and the "Guanghua Wheel" carried it1071 peopleHe returned to China and was welcomed by the Chinese people.
The fourth batch of overseas Chinese was on May 6, 1967, and the last batch of overseas Chinese was received1099 ChineseArrive safely in the country.
The work of receiving overseas Chinese is not as easy as imagined, and China's ** is to break through the obstacles and difficulties of the Indonesian side, and do not hesitate to spend a lot of financial and human resources to bring back the overseas Chinese who are in dire straits.
So,A weak country has no diplomacy, and power is justice
It may be that China at that time was still lying on its back in the face of international injustice and enduring humiliation, but fortunately, today, our comprehensive national strength is getting stronger and stronger, we have more and more international discourse power, and our international status and influence are getting stronger and stronger, and the history of other countries brutalizing our people is gone forever.
However, the contradictions between the two sides have not been completely eliminated and will exist for a long time, and we need to work together to reduce these differences. Indonesia, in particular, must take a good look at its own problems, because if it weren't for the contribution of these Chinese to their economy, their country's economy would not have developed so fast.
If Indonesia wants to develop, it should put aside its prejudices against the Chinese, be open and inclusive, and work together for a better future for Indonesia.
Thankfully, in the post-Suharto era, Indonesia still has some reflection on what it did in 1998. In order to prevent the recurrence of such incidents, they vigorously publicized "equality for all", forbade the masses to discriminate against the Chinese, and expanded the field of cooperation with the Chinese side and the Chinese community, seeking a new starting point for the cooperation between the two countries with a positive and friendly attitude.
But that doesn't mean we can forget these humiliations, these heart-wrenching moments. The Chinese people have come from the flames of war and from suffering, and it has revealed to us that peace and prosperity are not easy to come by, and we must remember history and cherish peace in order to move towards a better tomorrow.
What do you think about the tragic situation of Chinese exclusion in Indonesia? Feel free to leave a message in the comment area