The "Little Rock" incident refers to the incident that occurred in 1957 in Little Rock, Arkansas, USA, where African-Americans attended the local Little Rock High School. This incident has an important impact on the history of the United States, because it can not only reflect the attitudes of various races in the process of gradually dismantling racial antagonism in the United States, but also reflect the rules for the use of control of the US National Guard, which can help the people better understand American politics and reduce the blindness of people in the public eye.
The background of the "Little Rock" incident was in 1954, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that "the establishment of racial segregation in schools" was unconstitutional, and called for the abolition of racial segregation in all schools in the United States, sounding the clarion call for the complete lifting of racial segregation, which was an important milestone in the racial struggle in the United States. As a result of the efforts of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), nine African Americans will be enrolled in the South Arkansas' Little Rock** High School in September 1959, with the unanimous approval of the school's board of trustees and school leaders. But Arkansas Gov. Orval Faubus is a racist and staunchly opposed to people of color attending the school.
On Sept. 2, the first day of school, a group of racists prevented the nine students from enrolling. On the 4th, the governor of Arkansas deployed the National Guard to cordon off schools and prohibit students from enrolling. On the 9th, the school issued a statement condemning the governor's deployment of soldiers around the school. On the 12th, the school appealed to the citizens of Little Rock to pray for the students. During this period, Eisenhower met with Governor Forbes and tried to de-escalate the situation and warn him not to disobey the Supreme Court's decision, but Forbes did not agree. On the 25th, ** ordered the U.S. 101st Airborne Division to go to Little Rock to escort the nine people to school, and to remove the Arkansas governor's control over the state guard and hand it over to federal control. At this point, the enrollment incident was resolved, which was the "Little Rock" incident, which made an important contribution and far-reaching impact on the American human rights movement and the promotion of racial equality and discrimination.
The U.S. National Guard, which can be traced back to 1636, was established as a militia organization in the British colonies, was established in New York State in 1824 as the "National Guard", was established nationwide in 1903, and became a reserve force under the dual leadership of the federal and state governments since 1933. Its role is divided into peacetime and wartime: peacetime, according to the orders of the Ministry of Defense and the governor, to maintain the security of the federation and the states, social stability, emergency rescue and disaster relief; In wartime, the Commonwealth** has the right to mobilize the National Guard to take part in combat. Under U.S. law, Congress has the authority to build, supervise, and arm the National Guard, especially the appointment of officers and the authorization of arms; If he enlists in person, he will be the supreme commander of the militia. These legal norms are the fundamental guarantee factors that the US states and the federation will not cause armed conflict, because as long as the fundamental conflict between the states and the federation is triggered, the US Congress and the US Congress will have corresponding laws to directly obtain control of the national guard forces of the states to avoid unnecessary armed conflict.