The English name of thermobaric bomb is thermobaric bomb, which means "heat-pressure-bomb". It is a kind of bomb that uses thermobaric explosives (high-quality agents rich in aluminum, boron, silicon, titanium, magnesium, zirconium and other substances) to increase the detonation power and produce lethal effects by using the temperature and pressure effects of air explosives. Thermobaric bomb is a new type of cloud burst bomb (fuel air bomb) developed on the basis of the development of **, although its basic concept and principle of action are similar to fuel air bomb, but its fuel composition has changed greatly, its characteristics are: the ability to kill and damage hidden targets is strong, especially suitable for dealing with various targets hidden in the underground or cave; High temperatures and pressures are generated during detonation; The detonation shock wave has a long time and is powerful; The worker died of suffocation due to lack of oxygen; Thermobaric bombs can be made into bombs, grenades, rockets, or missiles.
The ** process of thermobaric bomb consists of the following three "reaction" steps:
1.Initial anaerobic ** reaction. It does not require the sucking of oxygen from the surrounding air, lasts for millions of seconds, and is mainly a redox reaction in the form of molecules. This phase releases only a portion of the energy and produces a large amount of fuel-rich products.
2.* After the anaerobic combustion reaction. It does not require oxygen to be drawn from the surrounding air, lasts tens of thousandths of a second, and is mainly the combustion of fuel particles.
3.* After the aerobic combustion reaction. Oxygen needs to be drawn from the surrounding air for a duration of thousandths of a second, and it is mainly the fuel-rich products that are mixed with the surrounding air for combustion. This phase releases a large amount of energy, prolongs the duration of the high-pressure shock wave, and makes the fireball bigger and bigger.
The above three "reaction" steps determine the basic performance of the thermobaric bomb: the initial anaerobic ** reaction determines its high-pressure performance, as well as its ability to penetrate the armor; ** After the anaerobic combustion reaction determines the medium pressure performance, as well as the penetration ability of the wall fortifications; ** The aerobic combustion reaction determines the high-pressure impact and thermal performance to the ability to damage personnel and equipment.
Thermobaric bombs are very lethal and are especially suitable for hitting enemies in enclosed spaces, such as caves, underground fortifications, buildings, etc. Three damage zones were formed after the thermobaric bomb**:
The first area is the central area, and the personnel and most of the equipment in the area will be damaged by overpressure and high heat;
Within a certain range of the periphery of the central area, it is the second zone, which has strong ** and combustion efficiency, and will cause burns and internal organ damage;
Within a considerable distance of the second zone, it is the third zone, which still has a **impact effect, which will cause serious injuries and burns in some parts of the person.
The high temperature and high pressure generated by the thermobaric bomb can spread in all directions, and enter the target structure through various channels that have not been closed on the target, such as shooting holes, turret seat gaps, ventilation parts, etc., and the high temperature can burn the epidermis of the personnel, and the high pressure can cause the internal organs of the personnel to rupture. At the same time, the thermobaric bomb can also burn the oxygen in the air, causing a temporary lack of oxygen in the explosion point area, resulting in suffocation and death.
The lethality of thermobaric bombs is related to its size and method, generally speaking, the larger the thermobaric bomb, the closer to the target, the greater its lethality. According to reports, the MOAB (large empty ** bomb) thermobaric bomb used by the United States in the 2003 Iraq war, weighing 95 tons, which is equivalent to 11 tons of TNT at **, has a kill range of 150 meters, and can directly destroy a small town. The FOAB (Fuel Air Bomb) thermobaric bomb tested by Russia in 2007 weighs 71 ton, which is equivalent to 44 tons of TNT at **, has a killing range of 300 meters, and is known as the "father of bombs".