Glucagon is a friend and rival of insulin.
Why Friends? Insulin and glucagon work together to control blood sugar in the body.
Why the adversary? Glucagon is the opposite of insulin resistance, which mainly raises blood sugar, while insulin's main effect is to lower blood sugar.
The main organ of glucagon is the liver, and its main role is to promote the catabolism of substances.
1) Promote liver glycogen decomposition, reduce liver glycogen synthesis and enhance gluconeogenesis.
2) Reduce the synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids in fat, promote lipolysis and promote the increase of ketone bodies.
3) Inhibit protein synthesis in the liver, promote protein decomposition, and increase gluconeogenesis.
4) Promote the secretion of insulin.
Hepatic glycogen: a substance synthesized from glucose in the liver, which can grow glucose by decomposition.
Gluconeogenesis: Through biochemical reactions, proteins, fats and other substances are converted into glucose.
Ketones: are intermediate metabolites in the oxidative metabolism of fats, including acetoacetic acid, -hydroxybutyric acid and acetone, and are the energy of many tissues, including the brain, during starvation, and are therefore of great physiological importance.
1) Blood sugar and amino acid levels: When blood sugar is low, glucagon secretion increases, and vice versa. When amino acids increase in the blood, it stimulates the secretion of glucagon while promoting insulin secretion.
2) Hormone regulation: insulin, somatostatin, and secretinotropin can inhibit glucagon secretion, and cholecystokinin and gastrin can promote glucagon secretion.
3) Neuromodulation: When the sympathetic nerve is excited, glucagon secretion increases, and when the vagus nerve is excited, glucagon secretion decreases.