According to the news released by China Weather Network, the cold wave weather from February 17 to 22 affected my country and brought adverse effects to the Spring Festival. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory also issued a cold wave blue warning signal at 10:10 on February 18: Affected by cold air, it is expected that there will be cold wave weather in Beijing from the night of the 18th to the 20th, with the minimum temperature dropping by 8 and the minimum temperature in the plain area dropping to about -5. Drastic changes in temperature in a short period of time will increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and high-risk groups such as the elderly and patients with chronic diseases should pay attention to prevention.
Studies have shown that weather changes are associated with the occurrence of myocardial infarction and stroke, especially the onset of cold spells or sudden cooling. The occurrence of myocardial infarction and stroke is also related to factors such as irregular lifestyle, frequent late nights, extreme excitement or exhaustion, unhealthy diet, and smoking. During the Spring Festival holiday just past, many people had irregular work and rest, and their diet was high in oil and fat, which may also increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Duan Xiaochun, deputy chief physician of the Emergency and Critical Care Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, suggested that if you have high blood pressure, high blood lipids, high blood sugar, or have recently stayed up late, have poor rest, and have high mental pressure, if you have heart discomfort, such as palpitation and breathlessness, especially after activities, you feel that this symptom is more obvious, and you need to pay attention to it and go to the hospital for examination in time.
The clinical manifestations of myocardial infarction are varied, the most typical is severe pain or dull pain in the precordial area or left chest, some people can radiate to the back, left shoulder, neck, jaw, left upper limb, and some patients have no obvious pain in the precordial area, but obvious toothache, epigastric pain or neck pain. Ai Hui, chief physician of the Emergency and Critical Care Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, emphasized that once these symptoms of suspected acute myocardial infarction appear, call 120 emergency ** in time, find a safe and comfortable place to wait for rescue, you can sit or lie down to take fast-acting heart-saving pills or nitroglycerin, and it is not advisable to take medicine when standing so as not to cause hypotensive shock, etc., and it is not advisable to go to the hospital on your own.
The BE FAST formula can identify stroke as early as possible: "B" – Balance means balance, loss of balance or coordination, sudden difficulty in walking; "E" - eyes refers to the eyes, sudden changes in vision, difficulty seeing; "F" - face refers to the face, the face is asymmetrical, the corners of the mouth are crooked; "A" – arms refers to the arm, where there is a sudden feeling of weakness or numbness, usually on one side of the body; "S" - speech refers to language, speaking slurred, unable to understand the language of others; "T" - time refers to the time, the above symptoms indicate that a stroke may occur, do not wait for the symptoms to disappear on their own, call 120 immediately for medical assistance.
Zhao Xingquan, director of the neurology center of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, reminded that once a stroke occurs, if the patient is conscious, what the family can do is to call the first aid**, if the patient's consciousness is problematic, the family should ensure that the patient's airway is unobstructed as much as possible, the patient's head can be turned to one side, and if there is vomit, it should be removed.
Health Reminder] How to take precautions against the cold wave?
Take precautions to keep warm.
It is recommended to take warm measures when going out, such as wearing hats, gloves, masks, scarves, etc., so as not to be stimulated by the cold. Duan Xiaochun reminded that when entering a warm room from a cold environment, you should give yourself an adaptation process, don't take off all the thick clothes at once, and it is best to slowly reduce them one by one.
Avoid getting up too hard in the morning.
Most people's blood pressure is relatively low when they sleep, and their blood pressure will rise rapidly when they wake up, and getting up too quickly and violently may cause a sudden increase in blood pressure and induce serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Li Yan, deputy chief physician of the Department of Cardiology at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine East Hospital, suggested that it is best to lie in bed for 2 minutes after waking up in the morning, then sit on the bed and the side of the bed for a minute or two, and then slowly stand up and move. In addition, patients with a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases must strictly follow the doctor's instructions to take medicine, and do not stop or reduce drugs without authorization.
Avoid exercising too early.
Proper exercise can enhance cardiopulmonary function and improve the body's resistance, pay attention to the time and intensity of exercise. Going out early for morning exercise is easy to be stimulated by the cold, which makes the already high blood pressure rise faster in the morning, thus increasing the possibility of cerebrovascular accident. Duan Xiaochun suggested that elderly friends who have the habit of exercising in the morning and patients with cardiovascular diseases should not go out to exercise in the cold in the morning, and it is best to choose a warm time period at noon before going out.
Do a good job of monitoring your blood pressure.
When the temperature drops suddenly, the human body is stimulated by cold, the peripheral blood vessels constrict, and the blood circulation resistance increases, which will cause blood pressure to rise. Unstable blood pressure can lead to complications such as intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and acute left heart failure. Li Yan reminded that patients who have just started taking medication or have just adjusted their medication should measure and record 3 times a day; If blood pressure is stable, record it once a day, in the morning and once in the evening. If the blood pressure fluctuates very much, or there is obvious chest tightness, chest pain, dizziness, headache, poor activity, etc., you should seek medical attention in time.
Develop good habits.
Reasonable arrangement of diet, in principle, should achieve "three lows", namely: low calorie, low fat, low cholesterol, through a reasonable diet to actively control weight, to avoid high salt caused by blood pressure rise. Develop good living habits and work and rest on time to avoid fatigue and aggravating the burden on the heart, leading to the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events such as myocardial infarction. Anger and long-term depression can also cause blood pressure to rise, and stabilizing blood pressure requires maintaining a good mood and learning to relieve emotions.
Keep your stool smooth.
Constipation during constipation is too straining, and the increase in abdominal pressure may also induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, etc., especially in elderly patients with a history of hypertension and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, this risk will increase a lot. Wu Guixi, attending physician of the anorectal department of Beijing Longfu Hospital, suggested that to prevent constipation, we should develop a good habit of bowel movement in the morning, increase the intake of dietary fiber and water, and massage the abdomen can also promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and improve constipation symptoms.
Beijing News reporter Liu Xu.
Proofread by Jia Ning.