This article is a guide to ——
Among the colleagues I have worked with, there is a surname Shentu, and at that time, I felt that this compound surname was very meaningful, like a touch of history. Later, when I learned that Tonglu Shen'ao Village, one of the gathering places of the surname Shentu, had become a model in the construction of the new countryside and one of our tourist destinations, my understanding of this surname was even deeper.
When we are tourists, the perception of the countryside is often a matter of wandering. However, when we read the Shen'ao Village, which the author writes about after measuring the countryside with his feet, we can touch on its essence: its history and formation, its culture and presentation.
If we look at China's countryside from an all-round perspective, we will find that this is a continuation of traditional Chinese culture, which is manifested in daily life and in the fireworks of the world, even in those daily food snacks, are immersed in the wisdom and wishes from the people.
This is how the river of time allows us to innovate. (Li Yuliang).
The text starts here
Shen O: A murmuring water flows westward.
In June 1934, Zhou Tianfang, a native of Shenao Village, Tonglu, and Ye Qianyu, a "street man" in Tonglu, co-authored "Fuchun River Excursion Journal", which was published and distributed by Shanghai Times Book Company. At that time, Ye Qianyu was only young and had already become famous; Zhou Tian was appointed editor-in-chief of "Tonglu Minbao", which was one round older than Ye Qianyu. This pair of forgetful years handed over "forty-eight days", took Hangzhou as the starting point, traveled along the Fuchun River, and completed this first-class modern Chinese travel manual. Record its itinerary one or two:
Day 1: From Hangzhou to Tonglu by steamer, the moonlit night must be chosen. If there is no west wind, buy a boat and go to the beach, and you will be able to anchor under the fishing platform in the middle of the night.
Day 22: Changle Temple, Moon Bridge, Twelve Springs, Overnight in Shenao.
Day 25: Daxiong Temple, Guaqiaobu, Dongziguan, Tongzhou, stay at Dongziguan.
In this book, Zhou Tianfang introduced his hometown like this: "Shenao, the name of the village. Under the peak of writing. Seven miles away from Dongziguan. It belongs to Tonglu County. Dense smokers. for a crown. It is the center of rural business. The market is quite popular. The front is facing Xuan Mountain, and the back is holding Lion Rock. The two streams diverge, and the scenery is victorious. Lion Rock is full of rocks. Like the squatting of a lion, there is a cave, which can be ambushed. Gradually, it can be done. It's unfathomable. It is called Lion's Mouth Village. There is Huang Cheng Temple in the west, which was built by eight neighboring villages. The temple is magnificent. Several counties are invincible. During the Lantern Festival in the old calendar, and around October 21, each village took turns to be on duty every year, and hired famous troupes to act in Shanghai and Hangzhou to reward the gods. Within dozens of miles, they all closed down. A sea of people. Crowded. It is especially known as the liveliness of the township community. ”
He also wrote about the Yellow Mountain in the north of the village, saying that the Yang of the Mountain belongs to Tonglu, which is named after the "Yellow Mountain of the Mountain", and the Yin of the Mountain is called Shentu Mountain, which belongs to Fuyang County.
This time of about 100 years, compared with the current description of Shenao, there is a sense of separation from the world, and there is also an inexplicable cordiality.
The unique culvert water system has passed through the city in Macao.
Shenao, the Song Dynasty belonged to Anding Township Zhongpuli, the Ming Dynasty belonged to Anding Township four pipes and one map, and the Qing Dynasty was Anding Township Shenaozhuang. Its history of building a village can probably start from the Song Dynasty, this ancient village with a history of 1,000 years, with its characteristics of "built because of water, named because of water, and prosperous because of water", has always been a unique existence among many nearby villages.
Ao, the original meaning of "waterside land". Xu Shen's "Saying Wen Interpreting Words": "Ao, Kuma also." It is called Macao inside, and Kuma is called Kuma outside. Now, walking along the cobblestone road, you can still feel the ancient water system of Shen'ao Village composed of "streams, ao, ditches, ponds, and wells", as if the blood has been nourishing this thousand-year-old village where Shentu and other surnames gather.
Shenao and Macao are deep and clear, and the bath body is four seasons.
The spring waves ripple back to the stream, and the warm rise diverts to irrigate the green fields.
The ancestors of Shen'ao Village built a culvert of more than 800 meters on the west side of the upstream of Yingjia Creek outside the village, and introduced water into the village from south to north on the east side of the village. The stream runs through the village along the culvert, reaching a maximum depth of about four meters, a meter to a meter and a half meters wide, and a height of one meter.
Ranging from one to two meters, the pebble wall vault paved with walls is also convenient for people to enter the culvert for dredging. The culvert flows through the village people's houses, and there is an Aokou at every other section, and there are seven existing on the old street of Shenao, and people wash in the Aokou, and also take water to drink in the early morning. Those who walk under the village are named Ban Lok O, Liumu O, Octagonal O, Umbrella O, Tai Tong O, Ban Yi O, Muqiao O, Zhangjiaao ......Each name has its own meaning, either pictographic or paraphrased, and is a symbol created by the ancestors of the countryside on the earth.
In the water system of Shen'ao Village, most of the underground Ao echoes the nullahs that are exposed to the ground, these ditches pass through the ancient village from south to north, flow through the front and back of the villagers' houses, and communicate with the water outlet ditch of the patio, according to the feng shui of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the villagers call it the four waters into one.
For ancient buildings, fire prevention is crucial, and the village ditches and ditches have also connected the village ponds. Like Aokou, the ponds in Shen'ao are often made of pebbles and have simple names, such as Mali Pond, Crab Fish Pond, Chrysanthemum Pond and Fly Pond. In the same way, the deep wells in those villages seem to be markers, making footnotes to the complex water system of Shen'ao.
In addition to the usual wells, there are several unique features, which are rebuilt from ponds, such as the double well was rebuilt from the east two ponds, and the Jiusitang pond was also rebuilt into a well, that is to say, from the wellhead down, what you see is a pond. The deepest well in the village is Liufang Well (Zhoumu Ancient Well), which was excavated in the 43rd year of Kangxi Reign of the Qing Dynasty (1704) and is more than 20 meters deep.
According to the local people's accounts, the ancestors of Shen'ao first designed the water system in the village when they moved to the village, and with a forward-looking concept, they took the pebbles in the stream and the yellow clay on the mountain according to local conditions, fired lime, and then built the "Jiangnan Karez" in the form of "Shenao" by skilled craftsmen.
For a long time, the villagers have been accustomed to and relied on the water system in the village, and the layout of drinking water, domestic water, and sewage separately, as well as the water diversion technology that keeps the whole water system in a flowing state, have made the layout of the village's buildings and streets largely preserved since its completion. In this regard, you have to feel the wisdom of the ancients and their summary and use of experience.
The Shentu surname migrated and grew in connection with the village.
Today's Shenao Village is east of Fuyang, south of Fengyuan Village, Fengchuan Town, west of the mountain, north of Fuchun River, 20 kilometers away from Tonglu County, 65 kilometers away from Hangzhou, 320 National Highway, Hangzhou-Qian Expressway crosses its border, and there is a high-speed entrance outside the village. It is populated and prosperous, and is formed by the merger of two natural villages of Shenao and Huangcheng, with an administrative area of 5With 192 square kilometers, it is the largest village in Tonglu and the largest village settlement with the surname Shentu in the province.
The history of the Shentu surname moving here begins with the "Yellow Mountain" in the north of the village, which is the boundary mountain between Tonglu and Fuyang, towering over the plains, overlooking the creeping villages and fields at your feet. According to the Ming Hongwu ten years (1377) "Tongnan Shentu Genealogy", Liu Ji's "Shentu Genealogy Preface" contains: "Shentu is far from the gods, since Emperor Yan sealed in Shendi, given the surname 'Shen'. The descendant of Shen Bo is the brother of the king of Zhou, Shenhou, and he was named Jingzhao Tuyuan, so he was given the surname Shentu. In the genealogical records, the ancestor of the Shentu clan, Shen Tugang, in order to avoid the disaster of Wang Mang's usurpation in the late Western Han Dynasty, once lived in seclusion to the south bank of the Fuchun River, and the descendants called the village where he lived in seclusion "Tushan Village" (now Shangtushan Village, Changkou Town, Fuyang District), and the mountain on the side is called "Tushan" (now known as Huangshan, also written as Huangshan). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, legend has it that Shen Tugang's descendant Shen Tu Pan also followed the footsteps of his ancestors to Tushan and lived in seclusion. In the Tang and Song dynasties, Shen Tugang's descendants Shen Tu Jin and Shen Tu Li moved to Tushan Village. After that, his younger brother Shen Tu Li became the ancestor of the Shen Tu clan in Tonglu and Fuyang. According to the "**Tonglu County Chronicle", to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Shentu clan in the village paid tribute, and there were more than 40 tributes.
Because of Shen Tu Gang, Shen Tu Pan and named Tu Mountain, Song "Xianchun Lin'an Zhi" recorded: "Tu Mountain, in the southwest of the county more than 50 miles, the surname Shen Tu Jielu has lived, is named after its mountain, Fu Zhi Qili (that is, Tu Mountain). There is also a Song Dynasty Chen Gangzhong's "Tushan Daxiong Yuan Chronicle", which writes that from the top of Tushan Mountain, you can see "there are flat fields, such as setting up ten thousand seats", and this scene is still today.
Huangshan is named Tu Mountain because of Shen Tu Gang, Shen Tu Pan, and meets Xu Ming (the ancestor of the Xu family in Dongziguan, there is Xu Ming Dawang Temple in Fuyang Yang Shao Lake) and changed to Xu Ming Mountain, the name of the mountain is changed because of the name of the person, it is not uncommon in traditional culture.
There is a small stone forest on the top of Huangshan Mountain, and several large stones are scattered between the forests and grasses. When the weather visibility is high, Jiangnan Town in the direction of Tonglu, Changkou Town and Xintong Township in the direction of Fuyang are in full view. Leaning on the mountain of Shenao, there is also a big stone on the mountainside, during the ** period someone carved the statue of Shennong according to its image, and later built a new temple for this, it became the current Shennong Palace, hidden in the forest wood.
Daxiong Temple, majestically in Tushan, built in Tang Changqing three years (823), renamed Xu Mingyuan because Xu Ming's house is a temple, Song Zhiping two years (1065) changed to the present temple, and then changed to Daxiong Temple, repeatedly destroyed in the war, and repeatedly rebuilt, the incense continues, to ** after the change to the school building, the above picture of the mountain to raise people Chai Xi cousins together here opened the East Library. In 2014, with the construction of the Hangzhou-Huangzhou Railway, the school building of Daxiong Temple was relocated, and the Changkou Tunnel was built on the south side of the temple site.
The door is to the Yellow Mountain, and the red glow is scattered in the thatched house. The child returns to the shepherd, a flute and a double yellow calf. "Beyond the rustic atmosphere created by the shepherd boy piccolo, the mountain looms in the history books, having had different names at different times. Today, a Hangzhou-Huangzhou railway passes through the mountain, and the villages at the foot of the mountain with hundreds of thousands of years of history have been silently guarded.
Shenzhen and Macao people are out of season, and local snacks are indispensable.
According to the "** Tonglu County Chronicle", after the middle of the Qing Dynasty, a group of businessmen who became rich by operating straw paper appeared in Shenao Village, and most of the existing ancient buildings in the village were built in this historical period. During the Anti-Japanese War, the "running three dun" in Shen'ao Village meant that the merchants who traveled between Hangzhou Sandun and Shen'ao day and night drove the development of commerce and trade in Shen'ao Village. Due to fate, Shen'ao Village is still a place where villagers in nearby Futong and Futong like to "shop" and "buy and sell", and the atmosphere of entrepreneurship and business has continued to this day.
The prosperity of commerce has also promoted the migration of people to a certain extent. In addition to the surname Shentu, there are nearly 60 surnames in the village, such as Ying, Zhou, Zhu, Shen, Huang, Liu, and Zhao.
There is a Yingjia Creek in the east of the village, named from the surname Ying in the village, the surname Ying came to Shenao a few hundred years later than the Shentu family, they moved from Zhuji Yingdian Street in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.
On the stream, there is a Qingyun Bridge that connects Fuyang and Tonglu. This was built in the seventh year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1881), looking at a very ordinary beam-lifting type 6-hole stone beam bridge, the name comes from the Ming Dynasty Yao Kui's "Miscellaneous Yong", is the oldest stone bridge in the village. Related to the bridge, there is also a "Shenao Qingyun Bridge Record" written by He Rong, a native of Fuyang, a third-class Jinshi in the sixth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1880), which describes in detail the beginning and end of the construction of the bridge and the origin of the name of the bridge, and also praises the villagers of the neighboring Futong two places: "The people of the two cities are one heart, and the plan for a hundred years is planted in March", and the process of building the bridge is made together.
The surname settlement has also been integrated and grown into the local vernacular culture over a long period of time. On the twenty-first day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar, the people of Shenzhen Macao are in season.
In the old season, singing, making rice cakes, and holding banquets. The custom originated from the Song and Yuan dynasties, flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and even if there was an occasional break in the middle, it can be regarded as continuing to this day. "Tonglu County Chronicle" contains: "The old festival in the countryside originated from the Sheri. In the old days, almost every village was worshipping the gods during the "season", and there were those who worshipped in one village and those who jointly sacrificed in several villages. Most of the gods sacrificed by the common people come from the local area, and there are few religious gods, most of them are gods who have been upgraded by real people. According to the regulations of the feudal dynasty, there are four kinds of people who are enshrined in the temple: those who work hard to determine the country, or those who work hard with death, or those who can resist catastrophes, or those who can defend the sick. Therefore, the village sacrifice also has more fireworks from the people, and the connotation of the gods also includes the noble morality admired by the people.
In the early years, the people of Shenao would go to the nearby Huang Cheng Temple to worship the two land gods. These two immortals are from the folk. Legend has it that during the reign of Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty (1241-1252), there was a pair of brothers surnamed Chen, the elder brother was Chen Rui, and the younger brother was Chen He. They have been running soup bottles, bowls, and bowls in the local area all year round, and have formed a deep relationship with the locals. One year there was a great drought, and the brothers were martyred praying for rain, and the drought was alleviated by rain from the sky the next day. After the harvest, the Land Temple was built to commemorate the Chen brothers.
Jiude Hall, one of the more than 180 existing ancient buildings in Shen'ao Village, gets its name from "A gentleman has nine virtues". It was built by Shentu Huichun in the eighth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1882). Jiudetang sits east and faces west, covering an area of 430 square meters. Pebble wall wooden structure, double slope hard hilltop, three two lanes and two into the quadruple building, one into four pillars and seven purlins, the wood carving is exquisite. The newly renovated Jiude Hall basically preserves the original style, which is one of the attempts to revitalize and utilize the ancient buildings of Shen'ao Village. On October 21 this year, the village did a big show here for five nights.
In the Chinese holiday season of Shenzhen Australians, there is a must-have dim sum called rice cake. In the area of Tonglu and Fuyang, rice cake is a special food, because of the different production methods, there are different names such as "rice cake", "wheat bun" and "tuo cake". According to the different fillings, rice cakes are sweet and salty, and there are also screenings according to the stuffing and non-filling. The unstuffed ones are called "reunion rice cakes", "Xie Zao rice cakes", "porridge wok rice cakes", etc., and the stuffed ones are called "steamed dough wheat buns" and "printed plate wheat buns". According to the color, it is divided into "green rice cake" and "white rice cake".
In addition to rice cakes, snacks and snacks of Shenao people include pasted wheat buns, cold tao, somen noodles, wine-stuffed steamed buns, and oily kueh, all of which are delicious when steaming.
Because of the complexity of the process, it is now rare to see cold washing. To put it simply, cold tao is a fresh rice vermicelli made from raw rice noodles that are steamed and pressed. Cold Tao is cooked rice food, can be cold and hot, but unfortunately can only be bought and fried on the same day, it is not easy to store and should not be refrigerated, it is easy to break overnight, and cold Tao is only sold in summer, and it is rare now.
Regarding eating snacks, Shen'ao Village also has a provincial-level intangible cultural heritage "16 cuts". Sixteen cuts began in the Southern Song Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the dishes are full of color and flavor, the banquet procedures are standardized, the cultural connotation is rich, and the characteristics of the south of the Yangtze River are highlighted. The banquet is based on 16 refreshments or dishes as a round, and the cut-back is switched. The first round is 16 refreshments, each in a group of 4 courses, namely: four fresh fruits, four dried fruits, four pastries, and four hanging corners (cold dishes, placed in the center, and then placed in the corners on the second time). In the second round, there are 16 dishes, which are also divided into groups of 4 dishes, namely: four hot stir-fries, four major dishes, four seasonal vegetables, and four dim sum, which are served in a circular order in a certain order. Sixteen cuts have their own unique connotations, sixteen, which is not only a round of the number of dishes, but also implies that everything is six.
Today's Shenao, with green mountains and beautiful rivers outside the village, vertical and horizontal ditches in the village, and the perfect combination of ancient building protection and new village construction, is not only a well-known tourist village in Hangzhou, but also a national historical and cultural protection village. Between the old and the new, there are historical changes.