Zhu Hai, a well-known Austrian scholar in China, wrote in the book "Cooperation and Order of the Market"."Globally, none of the countries that have rejected the market and implemented a planned system have succeeded economically. ”In this regard, China also has a profound historical lesson, from not being able to solve the problem of basic food and clothing to becoming more and more prosperous after reform and opening up, and this achievement is mainly due to the market economy.
However, the market economy is like air, no one can do without it, and people are almost unaware of it in ordinary times. Only by knowing the market can we defend the market. At a time when the market economy is encountering more and more severe challenges, it is becoming more and more important to understand the four major elements of the market economy
The cornerstone of the market: the systemDuring the "Great Leap Forward" period, the Chinese were very diligent and enthusiastic, but they fell into poverty and there was a great famine. The people of the developed countries are not very hardworking, but they are still very rich. Why is this happening? Zhu Hai believes that "cooperation" is more important than "diligence". Civilization is tied to the cooperative order.
In the book "Cooperation and Order of the Market", Zhu Hai summarized the three characteristics of market cooperation:Based on the incrementality of private property, based on the anonymity of individual freedom, based on the dynamism of entrepreneurial innovation. The above three are not only part of the system, but also need the protection of the system. If the system itself inhibits the development of the market, the economy will inevitably go into recession.
The development of the marketMotivation: Entrepreneur
China's economic growth in the past few decades has been largely driven by "animal spirits", that is, the purpose of satisfying "things", and grasping what makes money. The "animal spirits" have a huge flaw in that the economy stops growing as soon as external opportunities disappear. This is exactly what China's economy is facing. What to do? Zhu Hai believes that only the entrepreneurial spirit led by "self" can break this status quo.
Entrepreneurship is not only about "opportunity discovery", but also about creativity, which is the source of wealth. The economic growth thus driven is long-term and sustainable, because it does not depend on external opportunities, but on self-improvement, which is endless. So Zhu Hai wrote in "Cooperation and Order of the Market":In the final analysis, the transformation of China's economic growth is to transform from "animal spirit" to "entrepreneurial spirit".
marketpointer: **
In our daily life, we can always see all kinds of different goods. It is so common that it is difficult for the average person to notice the importance of **. But in fact, as Zhu Hai said in "Cooperation and Order of the Market": "The operation of the market economy is inseparable from the role of the best at all times." It conveys information about the scarcity and abundance of goods, and it guides people to produce, consume, and invest. ”
Zhu Hai believes that an efficient market must be a "flexible" market. However, the actual system often monopolizes the factors of production, which leads to signal failure and affects efficiency and justice. There is only one solution: give up the artificial control policy, take the initiative to reform the institutional factors and property rights factors behind the market, and make the spontaneous role of the market the decisive force.
The patron saint of the market: property rightsWe always see the news that in the process of renovating an old city, demolishing houses or expropriating land, there are always some nail households, and sometimes even bloody tragedies in order to resist forced demolition. In fact, these are the property rights disputes that are often encountered in transition economies. According to Hayek, "property rights" are the solution to disputes, and if property rights are not clear and cannot be effectively protected, then tragedy is inevitable.
In "Cooperation and Order of the Market", Zhu Hai inherited Hayek's view and arguedLaw, property, and liberty are a trinity. The most important purpose of the law is to protect property rights, without which freedom is nothing more than an illusion. In this theory, the role of ** is to protect property rights, and if it does not do it, it means that it needs to be further improved.
System, entrepreneurs, property rights and property rights, independent and interrelated, constitute the four major elements of the market economy. However, these are not the whole story of the market economy, and a comprehensive understanding of the market requires systematic knowledge. Zhu Hai's "Cooperation and Order of the Market" is an excellent primer. This book not only systematically introduces the four major elements of the market economy mentioned above, but also has a detailed discussion of economic theories and thoughts.
The road of mankind's market economy is not smooth sailing, but repeated and tortuous. Every time one more person understands the market economy, the market economy itself will have an additional guarantee. In this regard, Zhu Hai's book "Cooperation and Order of the Market" is worth reading and appreciating for every reader who cares about China's future. Click on the product card below to collect it with one click (you can also purchase the "Zhu Haizhuo Collection" in the specifications).