Although Chiang Kai-shek once despised **, believing that he would only rely on the strength of the army and would not actually command, **'s outwitting Meiling encirclement in the War of Resistance against Japan proved his excellent command ability.
His presence made Chiang Kai-shek realize that winning a war does not only depend on the strength of the army, but also needs to know how to command and lead.
Although Chiang Kai-shek's evaluation of ** was not high, in the War of Liberation, ** showed outstanding military talent, which caused the Kuomintang army to retreat one after another and suffered heavy losses.
At the 1955 investiture ceremony, he was awarded the rank of marshal. After receiving this list of marshals, Chiang Kai-shek alone pointed out the name of ** and said to Song Meiling: "So, what is so outstanding about ** marshal that makes him no longer the person who is not valued in my eyes?" ”
* Born in August 1901 in a down-and-out family of landowners in Sichuan. His grandfather used to be a landowner with hundreds of acres of land, but due to the impact of floods, droughts and harsh taxes, his family began to decline after he was born.
*'s father, Chen Changli, is a private school teacher who reads poetry and books, and his influence has made ** have a certain literary literacy.
In 1911, after the outbreak of the "Road Protection Movement", major Chengdu schools responded, teachers and students took to the streets, and the masses did not hesitate to suppress this "reactionary force".
**, who was only 10 years old at the time, did not join the **army, but hated the atrocities of Qing**. So, I saw that many people were cutting their braids to resist the Qing **, and his brother Chen Mengxi also cut off their braids at the door of the yamen.
However, the Chen family's financial situation gradually deteriorated, but the mother still wanted to give at least one child an education. As a result, ** became the only student in the family, and he was admitted to the provincial A industrial school, majoring in dyeing and weaving.
However, ** was not interested in dyeing and weaving, but developed a strong interest in political literature, began to actively participate in activities to criticize current affairs, and led the students of the school to launch the "trouble" movement, becoming a popular figure in the school.
In 1918, ** and his brother Chen Mengxi were admitted to the preparatory school for studying in France of the Work-Study Society. Subsequently, the two of them embarked on a journey to the Mondani Public High School in France and began their work-study life.
There, they found work as handymen at Schneider. At this time, Europe was swept by the tide of the October Revolution, and he met Cai Hesen, a work-study student who also came to France, who introduced him to the Communist Manifesto.
Although ** was attracted by what was written in the book, he did not immediately decide to believe in communism. His main goal is to study in France and become a doctor of literature.
However, his plans did not go as expected. In 1921, Beiyang secretly sent an envoy to Paris to ask France for a loan with taxes and railway construction rights.
After the news leaked, a large number of students studying in France began to oppose this act and launched a campaign against the secret borrowing between China and France, ** was among them. After learning of this, Beiyang ** was very angry and ordered to stop the work-study fees for students studying in France**.
They fought for the "right to survive and the right to study" and occupied the Sino-French University of Lyon. Under the repression of the French, they were deported and forced to return to Beijing after their studies in France.
In 1923, ** arrived in Beijing, he dreamed of becoming a writer, but he was full of confusion about the revolution. Here he met Cai Hesen, a French classmate who became the editor-in-chief of the Guide, who introduced him to Marxism and the Chinese Communist Party.
Seeing his classmates join the revolution, he was still hesitating, feeling deeply guilty, and made up his mind to join the Communist Party of China. Soon after, he became a member of the Communist Party and still maintained his love for literature, but no longer pursued art alone, but used Marxism to guide Chinese literary creation.
During his studies at the Sino-French University in Beijing, he actively participated in the student and workers' movement under the arrangement of the organization, and successfully completed the transformation from literary and artistic youth to revolutionary youth.
In July 1927, due to the collapse of the Wang-Chiang confluence and the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Chinese Communist Party launched the Nanchang Uprising. ** From Wuhan, he led the teaching group to Nanchang to participate in the uprising, but on the way, the teaching group was disarmed by the Kuomintang general Zhang Fakui.
Despite this, ** managed to join the rebel army in Linchuan, Jiangxi. However, the 30,000 people at the time of the Nanchang Uprising went through many battles, and only 2,000 remained.
In the face of the encirclement and interception of the Kuomintang, many people chose to withdraw, resulting in a decrease in the number of troops and a gradual weakening of morale.
In a period of great difficulty, he encouraged everyone to stick to the ideals of the revolution and expressed his support: "Although the Nanchang Uprising failed, this does not represent the defeat of the Chinese revolution.
As true revolutionaries, we must show our heroic side in the midst of difficulties, and I believe that under the leadership of Commander Zhu, we can get out of the predicament. With the assistance of **, ** successfully completed the division of troops and the "three rectifications of southern Gansu".
Acutely aware of a man of great military talent, he soon publicly announced that he would lead the revolutionary contingent that had been so hard to survive.
Under the leadership of the two, this team successfully won the victory of the Shonan Uprising and strengthened the revolutionary power of the Jinggangshan army. In 1934, the main forces of the Red Army began the Long March.
* According to the organization's arrangement, lead the remaining troops to defend the **Soviet district. Under the strict economic blockade and military attack, the tactics of struggle were quickly changed and guerrilla warfare began.
At the junction of the red and white areas, the strategy of "yellow villages" was flexibly adopted, that is, under the banner of the Kuomintang, to do things for the Communist Party.
* Believe that solidarity and cooperation are the key to overcoming difficulties and achieving goals. During the three-year bloody struggle, he led the southern guerrillas to win the initiative, accumulated rich experience in guerrilla struggle, and preserved a tremendous revolutionary force for our party.
After the intensification of China and Japan, he realized the importance of cooperation and issued a declaration of "Stop the Civil War and Unite to Resist Japan", hoping that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party could put aside their prejudices and jointly resist Japan.
He personally drafted a letter of opinion on cooperation and hoped to negotiate with the Kuomintang military and political authorities in southern Gansu. Although the Kuomintang military and political authorities in southern Gan tried to confuse the public and published in the newspapers the news of "Surrender to Cheng", they firmly believed in the importance of unity and cooperation and firmly stated that they would negotiate with the Kuomintang military and political authorities in southern Gan.
This decision was strongly supported by the people in southern Gansu.
Under the resolute resistance of **, the Kuomintang was forced to revise the report, declaring that the Communist Party had come to seek cooperation. After a period of exchanges, the two sides finally reached an agreement to realize the second cooperation between Jiangxi and Guangdong.
Subsequently, he also personally went to various guerrilla areas to convey the instructions for cooperation, and facilitated the reorganization of the guerrillas on the Jiangxi-Guangdong border to the New Fourth Army. However, Chiang Kai-shek found that the goal of using cooperation to defeat the guerrillas could not be achieved, and instead began to plan to use the Japanese army to destroy the New Fourth Army.
After the reorganization of the New Fourth Army was completed, Chiang Kai-shek confined this team to the Yangtze River valley and the vicinity of Nanjing, where the Japanese army was rampant, and Chiang Kai-shek wanted to kill people with a knife and use the Japanese army to wipe out the strength of the New Fourth Army.
* Seeing through Chiang Kai-shek's tricks, he decided to treat others in his own way, and after arriving near Nanjing, he quickly infiltrated the enemy's rear and kept in close contact with the people, so that the New Fourth Army became more and more courageous.
In 1940, ** led his troops to northern Jiangsu, preparing to establish a new revolutionary base here.
Chiang Kai-shek was worried about the growth of the New Fourth Army, so he ordered Han Deqin, chairman of the Jiangban Province, to stir up friction in an attempt to eliminate it before it was stable. In October, Han Deqin's army began an onslaught at the east gate of Huangqiao.
* Knowing that this Battle of Huangqiao would determine whether the New Fourth Army could gain a firm foothold in northern Jiangsu, this battle must be won. However, Han Deqin's troops had more than 30,000 people, while the New Fourth Army only had more than 7,000 people, and there was a huge disparity in strength, so how could he win in this situation?
Su Yu was keenly aware that although they numbered 30,000, they had adopted a three-way offensive strategy, and we could take advantage of this to break up and break each one.
When Han Deqin's starting troops attacked fiercely, his follow-up echelon also continued to follow, trying to quickly reinforce them. In order to stop their reinforcements, ** and Su Yu boldly adopted the strategy of "weasel eating snakes", seeing the reinforcements of more than 3,000 people as a long snake four or five kilometers long.
By breaking down the strategy of the Long Snake and defeating them separately, the situation in the Battle of Huangqiao was reversed, which greatly boosted the morale of the New Fourth Army. At the beginning of the Liberation War, Chiang Kai-shek fought for five months in a row, but failed to gain an overwhelming advantage.
He devised a strategy to attack important areas of the PLA, luring other areas to come to the rescue, and finally caught them all. After weighing the pros and cons, he chose Linyi as the target of the attack.
On the one hand, Linyi is easy to defend and difficult to attack, and the PLA will definitely defend it desperately, and if Linyi is captured, it will not only severely damage the main force of the PLA, but also solve the problems of Shandong and Jiangsu and Anhui.
On the other hand, the commander of the East China Military Region was a general whom Chiang Kai-shek did not like, and he believed that his military command ability was average. In order to take the liberated area of Shandong, Chiang Kai-shek even sent the elite troops of the Kuomintang to reorganize the 74th Division.
However, even with the mobilization of nearly 400,000 troops, it ended in failure.
* Concentrated forces for an intermediate breakthrough, and the 74th Division was defeated in only two days, and the division commander Zhang Lingfu was killed. In cooperation with various localities, the Kuomintang army was routed, and most of the forces retreated to Shanghai.
Shanghai was the last stronghold of Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary forces and an area where imperialist invasion was severe. In order to liberate Shanghai, **special instructions**, the army entering the city must abide by the convention, prohibit the use of heavy **, and strictly prohibit entering private houses.
* Emphasizing that even the king of heaven Lao Tzu cannot be violated, this is the first gift of the PLA to the citizens of Shanghai. In May 1949, the campaign began, with Chiang Kai-shek personally commanding 200,000 troops, and Tang Enbo also coordinating the battle.
In order to ensure Shanghai's security in an all-round way, our army has built three kinds of positions on land, and has coordinated operations with the air and sea to build a set of tight and three-dimensional defense systems. Chiang Kai-shek knew that his 200,000-strong army alone could not resist, so he tried to provoke imperialist intervention by destroying the city.
However, under the fierce attack of the PLA, Town's army was quickly wiped out. In order to minimise the damage to buildings and facilities in the urban area and alleviate the economic losses of the public, the detour strategy was adopted.
He secretly contacted the Shanghai underground organization of the Chinese Communist Party, and through negotiations with the People's Liberation Army, he finally persuaded Liu Changyi, the deputy commander of the Songhu garrison at the time, to surrender. On May 27, the battle, which lasted more than half a month, ended, and Shanghai was successfully liberated.
In this campaign, the building facilities in the downtown area of Shanghai are basically intact, the water and electricity are normal, and the communication is unimpeded, which greatly protects the interests of the citizens.
After arriving in the center of Shanghai, the liberated areas strictly followed the instructions of the organization and did not enter any private houses. When the fighting was over and the morning came, when the citizens opened their homes in fear to make a come, they were surprised to find that this heroic army was resting on the damp streets.
Liu Jingji, a well-known businessman in Shanghai, recalled this scene and could not help but sigh: It was only at this time that the citizens of Shanghai finally understood that the Kuomintang could never return to Shanghai.
After the successful liberation of Shanghai, ** naturally became the mayor of Shanghai. Under the guidance of the organization, he started a new journey in Shanghai together with the citizens of Shanghai.
However, the takeover of Shanghai, although full of expectations, is not easy to operate.
When the Kuomintang took over Shanghai, the Kuomintang claimed: "Shanghai is a muddy sea, and even if the Communists occupy Shanghai, they will not be able to govern it in an orderly manner." ”
In the early days of liberation, the situation in Shanghai was very unstable, and some hostile forces took advantage of the fact that the Communist Party had not yet gained a firm foothold and frantically carried out sabotage, and in just one week, hundreds of criminal cases occurred in Shanghai.
At the same time, the Kuomintang secret service also tried to ** the leaders of the Communist Party, ** bore the brunt and became the main target. On this day, while ** was reviewing documents in the office, the secretary came and handed him a letter.
The letter is very heavy, and it says ** The mayor personally received it. When he opened the letter, a golden bullet fell on his desk, which turned out to be a threatening letter addressed specifically to him.
The secretary was very alarmed, but ** was not alarmed, he told the secretary not to worry, and said that they would continue to be firm in their faith and serve the people.
* Information was obtained early on that the Kuomintang secret service planned to assassinate the main leaders of Shanghai by means of ** and poisoning. His secretary suggested that he increase the number of guards, but at that time, Shanghai's economy had not yet recovered and it could not support the excessive staff, so it was necessary to implement a downsizing.
Despite this, ** insisted on personally implementing the streamlining policy, demanding that the number of security personnel around him be reduced from 16 to six. The public security department objected to this, fearing that the streamlining could threaten the personal safety of **.
* When he saw that there was no shortage of guards around him, he understood the concerns of the public security department, but the streamlining policy was a decision made by the party a long time ago, and he thought that he could not make an exception.
He called the chief of the guard and said solemnly: "No matter how many people there are around me, bullets should come or will come, my head is not valuable." We must strictly implement the party's principles, and if I myself undermine the party's demands, how can I get the people to trust us? ”
At the insistence of **, the number of guards was eventually reduced to 6 people. At the same time, the Kuomintang secretly assigned spies to carry out assassination missions, and their equipment was advanced, including American silent pistols, detonators, and highly toxic cyanide.
Despite this, these agents were quickly captured by our side. When Chiang Kai-shek learned of this, he was furious and reprimanded Mao Renfeng, then director of the Kuomintang Secret Bureau.
He understood that ordinary spies could not successfully assassinate **, so he assigned Liu Quande, a killer figure. Liu Quande was highly regarded in the Kuomintang leadership and was praised as a professional killer, but few people know that before serving the Kuomintang, he was a Red Army soldier and a subordinate of the first class.
Liu Quande joined the Communist Party of China in 1931 and served as a herald under the leadership of **. Subsequently, he was sent to Shanghai to work underground. However, soon after, Liu Quande was arrested by the Kuomintang.
In order to survive and be promoted, he betrayed his former comrades and defected to the Kuomintang. He was highly valued by Dai Li because of his espionage, and under Dai Li's arrangement, he returned to Shanghai and became a double agent, specializing in assassinating leading figures of the Communist Party.
After Chiang Kai-shek was defeated and retreated to Taiwan, Liu Quande returned to Taiwan and entered Mao Renfeng's secret service agency. In order to successfully assassinate **, he also received professional training from the United States.
Mao Renfeng promised that as long as Liu Quande completed the task within six months, he would be given 2,000 taels of ** to ensure that he would have no worries about food and clothing for the rest of his life.
* As Liu Quande was about to arrive in Shanghai, he received a possible assassination threat from Liu Quande. In order to avoid accidents, ** took measures to strengthen the guards, and at the same time waited for Liu Quande's arrival.
After several days of careful searching, the public security department still did not find any trace of Liu Quande. In order to lure out Liu Quande, ** found someone who might be in contact with him - Gao.
Gao and Shi were students of Liu Quande's Political Defense School during the Wang Puppet period, and Liu Quande once saved Shi's life. **It is speculated that Liu Quande may be hiding in Shi's house.
As expected, Gao came to Shi's house in the name of his classmates, and sure enough, he found Liu Quande sitting in the house. Liu Quande was very wary of Gao and wanted to get drunk while he was eating to understand his real purpose of coming here.
However, Gao was calm and calm, and did not refuse in the face of Liu Quande's drinkers.
In the joyful atmosphere of pushing the cup and changing the lamp, Liu Quande relaxed his vigilance against his student Gao and began to drink bitterly. Seeing this, Gao deliberately swallowed half of the cigarette, causing vomiting, and used this as an excuse to leave.
Liu Quande believed it was true and let Gao leave. After Gao went out, he happened to meet the PLA who was patrolling, he explained the situation to them, and returned to Shi's residence.
He found that Liu Quande had fallen asleep due to drunkenness, took off his clothes and lay on the bed. So he hurriedly called the People's Liberation Army to go and arrested the drunk Liu Quande. In the end, Chiang Kai-shek's elaborate plan to assassinate ** failed to succeed.
Chiang Kai-shek's evaluation of ** has undergone a earth-shaking change, from having no command ability to highly evaluating him as "** is a powerful person". This huge change was bought by the ** marshal with blood and sweat, and it is worthy of the admiration of each of us.