Changsha Evening News, Changsha, February 26 (Full ** reporter Fu Rongrong correspondent Peng Lu) On February 25, Wahaha Group issued an obituary saying that Zong Qinghou, founder and chairman of Wahaha Group, died of illness at the age of 79.
According to **, not long ago, 79-year-old Zong Qinghou was seriously ill with lung cancer before the Spring Festival and was admitted to the ICU ward. There are reports that Zong's lung cancer may be closely related to his years of smoking. Zong Qinghou used to be a heavy smoker before his death, smoking an average of 2 packs of cigarettes a day, and has smoked for more than 30 years. Today, Wang Wenxiang, director of the Thoracic Oncology Surgery Center and director of the Second Department of Thoracic Surgery of Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital, reminded the public that lung cancer is the first cancer, and the early symptoms are not obvious, but there are 6 types of lung cancer with a high incidence of people to pay attention to lung spiral CT in time.
Why is lung cancer so closely related to smoking?
As we all know, smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer, and 90% of lung cancers are related to smoking. However, almost every smoker around me will comfort himself with a sentence: "So-and-so smoked all his life and lived to be over 90 years old!" So the question is: how many people who smoke all their lives will die of lung cancer?
Wang Wenxiang said that in order to answer the previous question, we must start with how smoking causes cancer. Studies have shown that tobacco contains hundreds of harmful substances and at least 69 carcinogens, such as nicotine and benzopyrene. With so many toxic substances entering the body through our respiratory tract, the first thing we come into contact with is the lungs – the two spongy organs on the left and right sides of the chest. Like a sponge sucking water, the lungs absorb the inhaled toxic gases into the body without reservation, and flow throughout the body through the bloodstream. These toxic substances will have a toxic effect on our cells, and most importantly, affect our DNA and cause genetic mutations.
As we all know, DNA is in charge of our genetic information, and these mutations will be passed on to new cells in the way of cells**, and as the mutations accumulate more and more, eventually our normal cells will lose control and become cancer cells. As the organ with the highest concentration of these toxic substances, smoking is the most likely to cause lung cancer. Wang Wenxiang explained.
So, why does a 30-year-old smoker have a higher chance of developing lung cancer? According to the data of scientific research, the cause of lung cancer caused by smoking is related to the time of smoking, and the longer the time, the more likely it is to get lung cancer. That's why some people start smoking in their twenties and generally start to get into the risk of lung cancer in their forties.
Wang Wenxiang made an analogy: "Just like smoking bacon at home, after the accumulation of smoke, the lungs are likely to be no different from the old bacon, the difference is that the bacon is used to eat, and your lungs are the necessities to maintain your life." Therefore, there is a good saying: it's not that you don't report it, the time has not come. For the old smoker, the comfort in front of him is really not worth celebrating, and the misfortune may be one day later. ”
The following ** clearly shows the chance of lung cancer in people who have smoked all their lives.
For non-smokers, lung cancer is a rare disease;
People who smoked for 5 days were more than 50 times more likely to die of lung cancer at the age of 75;
People who smoke for 5 days are more than 80 times more likely to die of lung cancer at the age of 75.
In addition to considering the age of the cigarette, consider the amount of cigarettes smoked per day.
Usually, we measure the intensity of smoking by multiplying the number of cigarettes smoked per day by the number of years smoked (smoking index), and the higher this index, the higher the risk of lung cancer. "Usually, when the smoking index reaches more than 20 years, the risk of lung cancer increases significantly. In other words, the more addicted people are, the higher the chance of developing lung cancer. Wang Wenxiang said.
Lung cancer is the first cancer, and the early symptoms are not obvious.
Data show that lung cancer is currently the world's number one "health killer", and since 1985, lung cancer has been the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rate in the world. China has the largest number of lung cancer patients in the world.
Wang Wenxiang introduced that due to the large volume of the lungs, the symptoms of tumor compression are not obvious, so there are basically no obvious symptoms of early lung cancer. When the tumor grows to a certain extent, that is, it has entered the middle and advanced stages, it will show obvious symptoms, and at this time, the tumor compresses the lungs, trachea and other organs, and the patient will have clinical reactions such as cough, sputum, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and even dyspnea. However, there are still some common signs of lung cancer, and early detection is the key.
There are 8 signals of lung cancer, and early detection is key:
1.Cough and hemoptysis: cough and hemoptysis are the most common symptoms of lung cancer, and cough is mostly irritating choking and dry cough, and hemoptysis is manifested as sudden hemoptysis in sputum, or repeated blood in sputum, which is often misdiagnosed as bronchiectasis, bronchitis, pneumonia and other diseases.
2."Bifurcation" chest pain: In the early stage of lung cancer, chest pain is mild, and the symptoms are mainly manifested as dull pain, dull pain, and the location is not certain, and the relationship with breathing is also uncertain. If the pain persists, the cancer may involve the pleura.
3.Recent unexplained fatigue, weakness, weight loss, vague chest pain, chest tightness, shortness of breath: more common in type ** lung cancer, often caused by tumor obstruction of the trachea or pleural effusion.
4.Hoarseness: hoarseness is the first complaint, often accompanied by cough, and is a sign of lung cancer that the cancer is at an advanced stage (recurrent laryngeal nerve compression or invasion).
5.Fever: Obstructive lobes often exist after the tumor blocks the bronchi, and it is easy to have recurrent low-grade fever, mostly about 38, which mostly occurs in the afternoon and evening.
6.Asymptomatic lesions: lesions are often detected by physical examination.
7.Metastasis symptoms: The brain, bone, liver, and adrenal glands are the most common metastasis sites, and headache, convulsions, bone pain, and liver pain.
8.Paraneoplastic syndromes: myasthenic syndrome, dermatomyositis, paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, and hyponatremia.
For people with a high incidence of 6 types of lung cancer, pay attention to lung spiral CT in time
According to the "Recommendations for Screening and Prevention of Common Malignant Tumors for Residents" (2022 Edition) issued by the Shanghai Anti-Cancer Association and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, the age is 40 years old, and at least one or more of the following risk factors are combined:
1.People who smoke for 20 years (annual pack refers to the number of packs smoked per day multiplied by the number of years it lasts, e.g., 20-year pack refers to 1 pack per day for 20 years or 2 packs per day for 10 years), which includes quitting smoking for less than 15 years;
2.passive smokers;
3.People with a history of occupational exposure (asbestos, beryllium, uranium, radon, etc.);
4.People with a history of malignancy (lymphoma, head and neck cancer, or smoking-related cancer);
5.People with a family history: first-degree relatives with lung cancer;
6.People with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or diffuse pulmonary fibrosis.
For people at high risk of lung cancer, low-dose spiral CT screening is recommended. Low-dose spiral CT scan of the lungs has the advantages of high resolution and high sensitivity, and can find small lesions with a diameter of 5mm, which is consistent with conventional dose CT scans in the detection and characterization of early lung cancer. Therefore, the use of this technology for lung cancer screening not only satisfies the diagnostic requirements of images, but also reduces the radiation dose, which is very suitable for lung disease screening in healthy groups. For "high-risk" people who smoke or inhale secondhand smoke for a long time, a low-dose spiral CT scan is recommended once a year.
How to Prevent Lung Cancer in Your Life? Pay attention to these 5 points.
1.Control and prohibition of smoking and secondhand smoke.
Lung cancer is mainly a disease caused by environmental factors, among which smoking is an important gener, so controlling and prohibiting smoking, especially restricting smoking among adolescents, has positive significance for the prevention of lung cancer. Passive smoking or environmental smoking is also one of the most important aspects of lung cancer, and secondhand smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, hundreds of which are toxic, and about 70 can cause tumors.
2.Occupational protection.
Effective protective measures should be taken in mining areas where radioactive ores are mined to minimize the radiation dose to workers. For workers exposed to carcinogenic compounds, various effective labor protection measures must be taken to avoid or reduce contact with carcinogenic agents.
3.Keep the environment ventilated.
Reduce the concentration of harmful substances in the air, transform the production process, reduce the generation of harmful substances, and wear masks or other protective masks to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances when working in a dust-polluted environment.
4.Be mindful of what you eat.
Eat some foods that are high in protein, nutrition, high in vitamins, low in fat and low salt, and avoid smoking and alcohol; Reduce the intake of spicy and irritating foods: such as onions, garlic, ginger, peppercorns, etc.; Eat less hot foods such as fried and barbecued. Eat fresh vegetables and fruits that are nutritious and vitamin-rich. We must always keep our spirits happy, and we must not be depressed for some small things.
5.Develop good habits.
Wearing a mask, driving less, less exposure to kitchen fumes, and using environmentally friendly decoration materials can keep lung cancer out in the first place.