The shutil module is a powerful tool for advanced file manipulation in Python, and it provides many useful functions and classes.
The shutil module of Python provides powerful file manipulation functions, such as copying, deleting, compressing, and decompressing. Premium short** plan
This article will comprehensively introduce the common methods of the shutil module, and help readers better understand and master the skills of using it in practical applications through examples.
Introduction to the shutil module.
The shutil module is an advanced file manipulation module in the Python standard library, which provides many functions and classes for working with files.
Compared with the built-in OS module, the shutil module is more comprehensive and efficient in terms of file operation. Again, before using it, you need to import this module.
import shutil
Common methods. shutil.copy(): Copies the file. This method copies the source file to the target file or directory. Example:
Copy the file shutilcopy('source.txt', 'destination.txt')
shutil.copytree(): Recursively copies the entire directory. This method copies the source directory and all its subdirectories and files to the destination location. For example:
Copy the directory shutilcopytree('source_directory', 'destination_directory')
shutil.rmtree(): Recursively deletes the directory and its contents. This method deletes the specified directory and all the files and subdirectories it contains. Example:
Delete the directory and its contents shutilrmtree('directory_to_be_deleted')
shutil.move(): Moves or renames files or directories. This method moves the source file or directory to the destination location and renames it if a new name is specified. *
Move the file or directory shutilmove('source.txt', 'destination_directory/')
shutil.compress(): compresses the file. This method compresses the file using the gzip or bzip2 algorithm. Example:
Zip the file with open('source.txt', 'rb') as f_in: (tab)with open('compressed_file.gz', 'wb') as f_out: (2tab)shutil.CopyfileObj(F in, F out) uses gzip to compress files.
The shutil module also provides some other useful methods, such as shutildisk usage() can get the disk usage, shutilget terminal size() to get the size of the terminal window, etc.
These methods can be conveniently used for a variety of file manipulation tasks.
Precautions. There are a few details that need to be paid attention to when using the shutil module.
For example: shutilcopy() and shutilThe copytree() method will overwrite a file or directory if it already exists.
shutil.When deleting a directory, the rmtree() method may throw an exception if the directory is occupied by other programs or if there are problems such as read-only files.
So, when using these methods, it's a good idea to do some checking and exception handling first.
Summary. Overall, the shutil module is a very practical file operation module in Python, which provides many powerful functions and classes that can easily complete various file operation tasks.
By mastering these methods, we can work with files and directories more efficiently, and improve the efficiency of program development.