Today, I would like to invite Weng Shixiang, chief physician of the second district, to talk to you about the "culprit" that causes cervical cancer - HPV (human papillomavirus)!
According to Weng Shixiang, he began to pay attention to the prevention of HPV infection and cervical lesions as early as 20 years ago, and gradually formed a set of comprehensive treatment measures, which have been widely recognized by patients.
HPV infection is a very common situation, according to statistics, 70%-80% of women will be infected with HPV virus in their lifetime, but the vast majority of people can be eliminated through autoimmunity, and they don't even know that they have been infected. Most of the HPV positives we have been able to detect are in fact chronic, but there are only a few states that need to be addressed:
Attention! Subtypes should be subjected to ** endoscopy + cervical biopsy.
2) High-risk subtypes other than subtypes also have problems with TCT, and **endoscopy + cervical biopsy should also be performed.
3) High-risk subtypes lasting more than one year should undergo **endoscopy + cervical biopsy.
4) People over the age of 40, because of the decline of autoimmunity, it is difficult to clear the virus, do not wait, to actively carry out anti-virus**.
He stressed that the HPV virus is widespread in nature, such as in public hot springs, swimming pools, saunas and massage places, hotel beds, bathtubs, toilets, etc., which are not up to standard, but the main mode of infection is the sexual transmission between couples and sexual partners, including **and**. Taking preventive measures against these can effectively avoid HPV infection and the recovery of HPV after turning negative.
Experts take you to know a lot
Ask. What is HPV? What is high-risk HPV?
Answer. The Chinese name for HPV is human papillomavirus, a group of epithelial viruses with similar morphology and genetic structure but different pathogenic manifestations, which can cause benign and/or malignant lesions in the human epithelium. At present, scientists have found that there are more than 200 types of HPV, and about 40 types can infect the reproductive tract, among which the "risk molecules" that cause cancer are called high-risk types. Other "non-carcinogenic" ones are called low-risk types. High-risk HPV: can cause cervical, **, and perineal cancers in women; Low-risk HPV: non-carcinogenic, causes growths, commonly known as "cauliflower". Among the high-risk types of HPV, types 16 and 18 belong to the "drug kings".
Ask. Where does HPV infect? Is HPV a sexually transmitted disease? (Did your lover have sex with someone else that caused the HPV infection?) ）
Answer. HPV has a high degree of epithelial characteristics, and only **stained**, mucosal epithelial cells are selected. Therefore, in addition to the well-known cervix, the mouth, oropharynx, larynx and ** are all sites where HPV is susceptible to infection. HPV is widely found in nature, and it can be stored in public places, bidet toilets, bathtubs, bath towels and towels of people with HPV virus. HPV is mainly transmitted through sexual activity, and people who have sex have a lifetime chance of being infected with HPV more than 80%! The risk of HPV infection and cancer is increased due to early sexual life, unhealthy sexual behavior, multiple pregnancies, multiple sexual partners, smoking, staying up late, and lack of exercise. Even if you pay great attention to hygiene, it does not mean that you will not be infected with HPV. HPV is a virus, don't give a lot of social moral significance, we often compare cervical HPV infection to a cold in the cervix. Therefore, being infected with HPV is not the same as contracting a sexually transmitted disease in the traditional sense. Therefore, it is necessary to treat HPV infection rationally and objectively.
Ask. What are the risk factors for HPV infection?
Answer. 1.Initiating sex too early.
2.Multiple or high-risk sexual partners.
3.Sexually active.
4.Smoking, drug abuse.
5.Oral contraceptive.
6.Immunodeficiency.
7.Regular screenings are not conducted.
Ask. What are the symptoms of HPV infection?
Answer. Usually, HPV infection does not cause any symptoms.
Even in the precancerous and early stages of cervical cancer, most women are asymptomatic. Low-risk HPV infections cause noticeable changes, most commonly genital warts: they occur on the male foreskin and near the foreskin and women at or near it. Typical symptoms are papules, papillary, cauliflower-like, or cockscomb-like fleshy growths.
The typical symptom of cervical cancer is contact** bleeding.
Ask. Can HPV infection cause cervical cancer?
Answer. According to statistics, more than 80% of women have had at least one HPV infection in their lifetime. More than 90% of HPV infections are transient infections without typical clinical symptoms. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV can lead to cervical cancer, but it usually takes years or decades. That's why it's important to get vaccinated and get regular cervical cancer screenings.
Ask. What is the most effective way to prevent HPV infection?
Answer. The most effective way to prevent HPV infection is to get vaccinated against HPV, which is also the "primary prevention of cervical cancer".
Ask. How to choose HPV vaccine?
Answer. Bivalent HPV vaccine can prevent: type 16, type 18. Focus: Bivalent vaccines are effective in preventing 845% of cervical cancers.
The quadrivalent HPV vaccine can prevent: type 16, type 18, type 6, type 11. Two low-risk types 6 and 11 were added to the coverage, which do not cause cancer and are mainly for genital warts.
The 9-valent HPV vaccine can prevent: type 6, type 11, type 16, type 18, type 31, type 33, type 45, type 52, type 58, and can prevent 90% of cervical cancer.
In China, HPV16 and 18 types led to 84About 5% of squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix. The effectiveness of vaccines in preventing cervical cancer caused by HPV16 and 18 is almost the same.
Therefore, it is recommended that you can't wait for HPV vaccination, you can make an appointment with which one, and the sooner and smaller, the better the vaccination effect!
Ask. When is the HPV vaccination?
Answer. Bivalent vaccination time: 0th, 1st, 6th month, a total of 3 doses; Quadrivalent 9-valent vaccination time: 0th, 2nd, 6th month, a total of 3 doses.
Ask. If I have been infected with HPV or have had cervical cancer, can I still get HPV vaccine after **? Is it still useful to get vaccinated?
Answer. The answer is yes, when you are infected with HPV for the first time and turn negative, it is easy to be reinfected if you do not do a good job of follow-up prevention. Even in HPV-positive patients, HPV vaccination immunizes other uninfected HPV types. Vaccination is recommended even for women of appropriate age who have undergone high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL) after receiving **.
Ask. Do women who have been vaccinated against HPV still need to be screened for cervical cancer?
Answer. Absolutely. HPV vaccination does not prevent 100% cervical cancer, and regular cervical cancer screening is required regardless of whether you receive HPV vaccination or not.
Ask. What is the difference between HPV testing and TCT screening?
Answer. HPV is a test for the presence of viruses in the cervix and the possibility of disease, to a certain extent, to avoid the risk of missing the diagnosis.
TCT screening is aimed at whether the cells have undergone changes or whether they have precancerous lesions, so as to avoid the risk of misdiagnosis to a certain extent.
Ask. What should I do if I have cervical lesions after HPV infection?
Answer. If cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (grade I, II, III) has occurred, you should go to the hospital aggressively**. The doctor will give a suitable ** protocol according to the patient's young age, fertility requirements, and the severity of the cervical lesion, choosing physical**, cervical conization, LEEP or hysterectomy. Even if the cervix is cancerous, surgery or chemoradiotherapy can be selected depending on the stage of cancer**.
In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the Global Strategy to Accelerate the Elimination of Cervical Cancer, which is a historic milestone, and cervical cancer is the only cancer that can be eliminated through prevention. We hope that through the trilogy of vaccination-cervical cancer screening-cervical lesions, we will finally defeat HPV and eliminate cervical cancer!
Expert Profile. profile
Liu Huifen. Director of the outpatient clinic**.
*Director of the Second Ward.
Chief Physician, Lingnan Famous Doctor, Good Doctor in Nanyue. He graduated from Hunan Medical University (Xiangya Medical College) with a major in clinical medicine and a master's degree in obstetrics and gynecology from Sun Yat-sen University. He is a member of the first committee of the ** Oncology Branch of the Guangdong Medical Association, a member of the ** Endocrinology Group of the third committee of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Branch of the Guangdong Medical Doctor Association, and the vice chairman of the Reproductive ** Professional Committee of the Guangdong Provincial Primary Medicine Association. He has been engaged in clinical, teaching and scientific research in obstetrics and gynecology for nearly 30 years. He has successively served as the deputy director and presiding over the daily work of Huizhou Central People's Hospital, and is currently the director of the second district and the director of the outpatient clinic of the First People's Hospital of Huizhou. He specializes in comprehensive tumor, minimally invasive surgery, hysteroscopic surgery, laparoscopic tubal and ovarian tumor surgery, uterine myomectomy, laparoscopic total hysterectomy and pelvic and abdominal lymph node dissection, cervical precancerous lesion LEEP, etc.
He has in-depth research and rich clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine diseases such as abnormal uterine bleeding, polycystic ovary syndrome, amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, menopausal syndrome, infertility, endometriosis and other diseases. He has presided over a number of municipal scientific research projects and published several provincial academic articles.
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Weng Shixiang. **Chief Physician of District 2.
Chief physician. He graduated from the Medical Department of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 1985 and graduated from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University with a master's degree in endocrinology in 1993. He has been engaged in clinical work in obstetrics and gynecology, and has worked in Huizhou Central People's Hospital for more than 30 years.
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Zhang Chunni. **Deputy Chief Physician of District 2.
Teaching Secretary of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Graduated from the School of Medicine of Shantou University, engaged in clinical, teaching and scientific research in obstetrics and gynecology for more than 15 years, and went to the Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center of Sun Yat-sen University for further study in 2018.
*Rich experience in the diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant tumors, especially in the minimally invasive treatment of hermaphroditic tumors.