Pengyang County is located in the Xihaigu area of Ningxia, which was once known as the "bitter and barren world", and the problem of agricultural irrigation and drinking water for farmers has always been very prominent due to the broken terrain, vertical and horizontal ravines, and scattered rural settlements in the county.
The data show that the average annual precipitation in Pengyang County is 450-550 mm, the total water resources are 89.2 million cubic meters, and the per capita water resources are 356 cubic meters, which is only 1 6 of the national per capita level.
In the eyes of Pengyang people, water is the lifeline. Since the establishment of the county in 1983, the people of Pengyang have been "fighting" against the dilemma of water shortage for more than 40 years. How can people in rural areas have access to tap water? How can you produce higher yields of food on barren plateaus? How can we keep up with the pace of rural revitalization?
In the face of the dilemma of water shortage and fragile ecology, Pengyang vigorously did a good job in water articles, managed mountains and waters, and showed mountain dew, and embarked on a unique development road of 'ecological county', initially realizing that the land has become flat, the mountains have become green, and people have become rich. Zhang Zhike, director of the Pengyang County Water Bureau, said.
From carrying water on a donkey to buying water on a mobile phone.
The two mountains are entrained by a deep ditch, hence the name of the steep slope village of Baiyang Town. In the past, they had to walk more than 10 miles of rugged mountain roads, come to a ravine bay, scoop the seeping groundwater into iron buckets with horse spoons, and then drive donkeys out of the steep sheep intestine trail back to the village, and draft was the biggest problem they faced.
Since the establishment of the county, Pengyang County has successively implemented life projects, rural drinking water relief projects, rural drinking water safety projects and rural drinking water consolidation and improvement projects. In 2016, the water pipe network crossed a deep ravine in the mountains and reached the homes of villagers in Steep Slope Village. The moment the villagers turn on the faucet, the rushing tap water seems to play the most beautiful music.
Steep Slope Village is just one of many water-poor villages in mountainous areas, and even with tap water, it is still difficult to fundamentally solve the problem of water shortage.
How to ensure the safety of drinking water in rural areas? In recent years, Pengyang County has taken drinking water safety as the number one livelihood project, and has explored a new path of "investment, construction, management and service" of "Internet + human drinking", and the county's rural areas are 4190,000 people in 30,000 households have received tap water, realizing a revolutionary transformation of mountain residents from carrying water on donkeys to buying water with mobile phones.
In the dispatching center of the urban and rural water supply management station in Pengyang County, dispatcher Wang Yuchen pointed to the management platform and told reporters that the platform monitors the operation and use of 45 pumping stations, 92 storage tanks, 407 pipe network monitoring points, two water plants and rural joint household water meters in real time. "On the platform, you can check the water meter information of the villagers, and the water list is clear at a glance, so you can judge whether it belongs to the category of normal water use. At the same time, villagers can check the real-time balance of their water bills and water consumption through WeChat***, and they can also buy water with their mobile phones, and they can also see the water quality reports we publish every month. ”
In 2023, the total amount of water used by residents in rural areas of Pengyang County will be more than 240 million cubic meters. "The source of drinking water in rural areas comes from the Jing River, and in 2023, there will be a drought and the amount of water will decrease, especially from March to June, we must give priority to ensuring that people drink water, and we have replenished more than 20 million cubic meters of water from two reservoirs and wells of drought-fighting emergency water sources to ensure the safety of drinking water in rural areas. Although there was no water to drink in rural areas during the drought period, the core reason for the great pressure on water supply allocation was the shortage of local water resources and the uneven distribution of time and space. Zhang Zhike said.
From flood irrigation to efficient drip irrigation.
Water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture. Pengyang County has experienced drought for three consecutive years since 2021, and six reservoirs have no water available, and 43 reservoirs used for agricultural irrigation currently have just over 16 million cubic meters of water, a decrease of 30% compared to before the drought.
Pengyang's total water withdrawal target is 50 million cubic meters, and 34 million cubic meters of water is allocated for agricultural irrigation. How can we get the most out of water? On the one hand, we should build a modern water network and increase the water storage capacity of reservoirs, and on the other hand, we should promote the construction of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation projects, so that every drop of water can be used on the cutting edge. Zhang Zhike said.
In Chengyang Township, Lichi Village, the Great Wall dwarf anvil densely planted apple demonstration park, the person in charge Lv Shenghong told reporters that the park covers an area of 2,500 acres, compared with the previous flood irrigation mu of about 160 cubic meters of water consumption, now the application of drip irrigation technology, the average water consumption per mu is only 120 cubic meters.
On the opposite side of the park is the corn planting area of Lichi Village. Chen Peng, deputy secretary of the party branch of Lichi Village, said: "In the past, villagers relied on the weather to grow corn. After 2016, the irrigation area was renovated to save water, and all canal irrigation was changed to drip irrigation, so that corn planting had a stable water source. Three consecutive years of drought, irrigation water reduction, has an impact on the planting of corn, if it is not for the transformation of irrigation areas and the promotion of water-saving technology, reduce water consumption, corn yield will certainly not reach the current yield of 2,000 catties per mu. ”
Efficient use, water saving priority. Pengyang County implements the joint storage and transfer of reservoirs and dams, cross-regional water transfer, and connects 20 reservoirs with the connection of reservoirs and dams in the Ruhe River Basin and the water diversion project of the Hongru River as the framework, effectively regulating and storing rainwater and floods, reclaimed water and abandoned water, promoting the mixed utilization of conventional and unconventional water, and increasing the annual water consumption of about 5.5 million cubic meters. In addition, in accordance with the technical path of "using water with fertilizer, promoting water with fertilizer, fertilizing due to water, and coupling water and fertilizer", the county vigorously promotes efficient water-saving technologies, continuously improves irrigation facilities, and improves 21The construction of 90,000 acres of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation water metering system has forced the adjustment of industrial structure and large-scale intensive utilization of land, and improved the efficiency of water resource utilization and management in irrigation areas.
Let the development of the industry no longer depend on the sky.
Pengyang County is a key soil erosion control area in China, with an annual rainfall of less than 300 mm in the past three years, resulting in the interruption of the river flow and the serious problem of water shortage. In particular, in the mountainous areas of northern Pengyang County, although the basic conditions for cultivation have been improved through the construction of high-standard farmland, due to the shortage of water resources, the phenomenon of farmers planting corn and relying on the weather for food still exists when the local water sources have been fully utilized, and the development of vegetables and beef cattle industries is slow.
Shuangshu Village, located in the northern mountainous area, is in the predicament of water shortage. The village has 503 households and 1,840 people, and the area of corn and soybean interplanting is 5,000 mu, of which 3,000 mu has been cultivated after efficient water-saving transformation, and the remaining 2,000 mu still rely solely on natural water supply.
Even in the case of drought in 2023, the average income per mu of cultivated land after transformation will still increase from 1,200 yuan to 2,000 yuan. What I have a headache now is that this year's 500 acres of soybean breeding base and 1,000 acres of corn interplanting soybean demonstration base are settled in the village, and the pressure on irrigation water is very great. In order to develop the industry, it is necessary to implement more projects such as high-efficiency water-saving irrigation projects to solve the problem of imbalance between industrial development and water demand. Wang Jianguo, secretary of the Party branch of Shuangshu Village, said.
Caotan Village, which is adjacent to Shuangshu Village, also experienced the same problem. The beef cattle farm, which is jointly owned by the four villages, can increase the income of the collective economy of each village by 60,000 yuan per year, but the scale of breeding has not increased. Hu Guanghong, secretary of the party branch of Caotan Village, said that the farm of 300 fattening cattle requires 14 cubic meters of water per day, and the fattening cycle is 10 months, which is enough according to the approved water quota. During the drought, because of the first guarantee of irrigation water for grain production, the water supply of the farm is reduced accordingly, if it is not enough, you can only buy water, the cost of 1 cubic meter of water is 30 to 50 yuan, and the cost of breeding increases a lot.
There are 7 townships in the northern area of Pengyang County, with a registered population of 780,000 people, cultivated land area of 450,000 mu, rich in light, heat, land and other resources, breeding and planting characteristics are obvious. "At present, the northern irrigation area has implemented high-efficiency water-saving irrigation area of 650,000 mu, to a large extent, solves the problem of water shortage in a certain area of cultivated land. Now, we plan to introduce water from the Yellow River into Pengyang, and transform and upgrade the area of efficient water-saving irrigation of 70,000 mu. After the implementation of the project, the allocation of water resources can be optimized, and the water supply guarantee rate of irrigation areas can be improved, so as to ensure food security and promote the development of industries that enrich the people. Zhang Shoujun, director of the planning office of the Pengyang County Water Affairs Bureau, said.