Introduction
This article is excerpted from "** Bandit Record", written by Su Liao.
Body
Sculkin examines the life of the Redbeard.
After the Xinhai Revolution, Sculkin, an anthropologist, traveled to northeastern China to investigate the life of bandits. At that time, the October Revolution had not yet taken place, and the Tsar had great political and economic power in the northern part of the Northeast, and there were still concessions in Harbin and other cities. Through various contacts, Sculkin found a man nicknamed "Living Tiger". The live tiger is about 60 years old, and his appearance is no different from that of an old farmer in the Northeast, but his piercing eyes reveal decisiveness and wildness. It is said that he was originally a bandit leader, but because he was old and tired of life in the mountains and forests, he settled in the city. The local Chinese officials and the Russian Concession** knew his history, but no one dared to touch him. Because he has extremely high authority and prestige among the bandits in the neighborhood, he is full of words. Offending him means that the world will never be at peace, and the bandits will continue to harass them in retaliation, and even kill those officials; On the contrary, everything is much better.
After Sculkin explained his intention to the living tiger, the living tiger squinted his eyes - like that, reminding people of a resting tiger - thought for a while, then stared at the ** person sharply, and only said after a while: "You have to understand the rules!" ”
Of course. "Sculkin knew that the living tiger meant to keep it secret and not to reveal the location of the bandits' nest, otherwise, his life would be in danger.
All right. Huohu succinctly agreed.
Sculkin followed the living tiger out of the city and into the nearby mountains. Soon, they entered a forest of ancient trees. The sun shone down from the top of the tall trees, dappled the ground with fallen leaves, and the air was moist and fresh, making one forget that this was a trip to the Cave of the Bandits. The trees gradually thinned out, and a small stream appeared in front of them, and after a while of walking along the stream, there was a large house made of logs in a clearing on the opposite bank.
When the two men entered, they saw that there were about fifty or sixty people in the house. These people are very calm, and it seems that Ping has long known that a live tiger has to carry a "big nose" (Original Note:The common people of the Northeast call the ** people the big nose and the Japanese the small nose. Come up here. Riding the effort of a live tiger talking to a bandit leader in a low voice, the anthropologist browsed the inside of the house. Surrounded by a row of benches nailed with white planks, perhaps beds, as there were straw mats on them. There is a large wood-burning stove in the house, and there is a large iron pot on the stove, and something is being stewed in it, giving off the aroma of meat. The roof and walls of the house were blackened by the smoke emitted by the stove for many years. However, whether it is leaning against the wall or holding the ** in the hand, it is polished and shiny, and in the dim light of the room, it emits a metallic luster. Sculkin also saw a shrine on the wall that greeted the door, in which was a blackened statue of a blackened deity—he later heard that it was a general from the Three Kingdoms period in ancient China, named Guan Gong—with an incense burner and a candlestick in front of it.
What Sculkin saw was one of the thousands of bandits in the Northeast. The reason why these bandits are called "beards" or "bandits" by the locals is because the ancestors of the bandits in the Northeast were dressed in strange costumes and hung red fake beards in order to intimidate or avoid being recognized, so they are also called "red beards"; Because most of the bandits rode horses at the beginning, they were also called "horse beards".
At Sculkin's request, a middle-aged bandit leader specially briefed him on the organization of the bandits. The bandit leader said that Redbeard was like an army, and that the lower part was absolutely subordinate to the top, and that the redbeard of a region was subject to a supreme leader. This supreme leader is honored as "The Great".
The uncle generally does not follow the team in the wild, but lives in the local central city. When the bandit leader said this, he couldn't help but look at the live tiger not far away. The man was squinting his eyes and sitting on a stump smoking.
The bandit leader continued to introduce that the uncle was doing business legally in the city. On the one hand, you can use the money you earn to buy ** ammunition, and on the other hand, you can learn about the movements of officers and soldiers through the official or the lower echelons of society, and inform the redbeard in the mountains of intelligence. The average redbeard doesn't know who the uncle is, and only a few leaders have a connection with him.
The bandit leader also emphasized that Redbeard's organization has a history of thousands of years. Of course, this is undoubtedly just a legend or a deliberate exaggeration. Back a thousand years, the Northeast is still the era of the Bohai Kingdom and the Khitan Kingdom, and the nomadic tribes who mainly fish and hunt, what kind of red beard will there be? Even in the Ming Dynasty, the Manchus living here were still in a slave society, the land was vast and sparsely populated, and it was impossible to have a sound bandit organization. It is more correct to say that the Northeast Hu bandits began in the late Ming Dynasty. At that time, Mao Wenlong, a general of the Ming Dynasty, guarded Phi Island (now part of North Korea, renamed Linden Island), which is said to have won the support of the military and the people. Later, Yuan Chonghuan, the secretary of the Ministry of War, designed to trap Mao Wenlong, and most of Mao's subordinates gathered in the mountains and forests, fell into the grass, and became the earliest Hu bandits.
The prosperity of the bandits began at the end of the Qing Dynasty. The Sino-Japanese War in 1895, the Gengzi Boxer Rebellion in 1900, and the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 caused the Northeast region to be deeply poisoned by Japanese and Russian imperialism. Among them, the ambitious unscrupulous people combined with the stragglers after the war, took the opportunity to rise up, dominated one side, and passed it down from generation to generation, so that the red beard of the three eastern provinces became famous throughout the country during the ** period.
The rules and black words of the bandits.
The bandits in the Northeast can be roughly divided into three types throughout the ** period. The first is pure banditry, that is, Redbeard. The main activities of this kind of bandit are smashing rich households, robbing and buying and selling, kidnapping people's tickets, beating officers and soldiers, and burning and killing people and committing adultery in the process. In 1915, when the bandit leader "Ice Flying" in Hunjiang County, Jilin Province, was robbing and found an old lady wearing a gold ring on her hand, but she couldn't take it off, so she cut off the old man's finger with a knife and took it away. In 1924, bandits under the bandit leader Wang Lin set up a girl surnamed Wei in Ant River. The girl's parents sold their blood to make money in order to ransom people. When enough was enough to redeem her daughter, the girl had been ruined by the bandits and committed suicide by throwing herself into the river. His father died of blood loss, and his mother hanged herself in grief. A good family is ruined like this.
The second is armed banditry. Most of these bandits have political affiliations or aims. or to take revenge on the society, or to take revenge on the gentry; Some use bandits to develop their forces, hoping to recruit an official; Some defected to the Japanese army and fought for the tiger; Those who have been liquidated by the land reform of the people's power must engage in class revenge; Those who were appointed to the rank of military by the Kuomintang were determined to sabotage the revolution. More about this banditry below.
The third type is called the sticker. These bandits have no firearms and only rob the road with wooden sticks; The number of people is small, sometimes 1 person, sometimes several people, sometimes gathering and sometimes scattering. Most of the targets of their robberies are single pedestrians and small households.
The large group of bandits, also known as "slippers", have a relatively complete set of organizations and rules. Its general leader is called "big boss" or "big shopkeeper", and internally it is called "big brother". There are two treasurers under it. Further down there are "four beams and eight columns", and the four beams are divided into four beams and four beams outside, which together are eight columns. The following generally bandits are called "cubs".
The four beams refer to the gun head, the grain table, the water incense, and the stack. The head of the gun is a law enforcement execution, and he must be "straight" (accurate marksmanship) and hit every shot. When it comes to the enemy, he can make the difference with one shot at the crucial moment. The grain station manages the storage of grain and vegetables, and when it goes to the people's homes to eat, it is also necessary to check whether the household has infectious diseases and whether the food is poisonous. Shui Xiang is responsible for assigning sentry and sentry. Every time he smashes open a kiln (to capture a place), the first thing he does is to put a card (sentinel). The one who turned over the stack was the military division and chief of staff in the slipper. He knew astronomy and geography. Before he acts, he will divinate the good fortune; When he is in distress, he prays to the gods for protection.
The outer four beams refer to the shopkeeper of the seedling house, the flower tongue, the inserter, and the word maker. Yangzifang is the box office, and it is the place where people's tickets are held. Most of its shopkeepers are ruthless, cutting their ears and noses when urging votes, without mercy; If the ticket is not redeemed after it expires, it will also be torn up by him and his subordinates. Flower tongue is responsible for sending letters and bargaining to the bitter master's family. This kind of person must be good at finding out the background of the sufferer's family, and second, he must be clever and eloquent, and ask the other party to come up with more money. The one who inserts the signature is also called an inspection, which is mainly responsible for surveying the target and route of the robbery to ensure that nothing goes wrong. The wordsmith is in charge of Wenmo. He is responsible for writing letters to the Lord Toma and dealing with the outside world. Some calligraphers can also engrave and imitate the handwriting of others.
Due to the different numbers and scales of each slippery, these eight pillars also have concurrently serving each other, or omitting them. Because of the large number of horses, some slippers have set up a "horse number" to be in charge of horses and vehicles.
The bandits in the Northeast have a lot of jargon and black words, which reflect the rules and taboos within their organizations, as well as the mentality of the bandits. For example, doing bandits is called "eating and fighting", doing this business for a long time is called "hanging", robbing is called "opening a business" and "smashing kilns", robbing roads is called "don't beam", killing people is called "interfering people", and dividing money is called "picking a piece". They taboo the word "death", so they call death "sleeping", and sleeping is called "lying on the bridge"; It is also taboo to "commit" the word, so it is called "gnawing and paying" for eating; Avoid the word "squat" in the prison, so lighting the lamp is called "on the brightness", "lighting the brightness", and setting fire is called "putting the brightness". Those who commit these taboos will be beaten and scolded at least and killed at worst. Once, when a child saw a man eating, he asked, "Are you eating bread?" The man was furious and said, "No, I eat wood!" This man is a bandit, because the word "bag" is also taboo in the circle.
There is also a kind of black saying for bandits in the Northeast, called "Sanfanzi". Qu Bo's long ** "Lin Hai Snow Plain" wrote that when Yang Zirong entered Weihu Mountain, there were many records. Something like, "Where do mushrooms go?" What price? "The Heavenly King covers the tiger, the river demon of Pagoda Town", and so on, all belong to this category. *, because of the spread of the Peking Opera "Outwitting Tiger Mountain", even 3-year-old children across the country will say a few words of bandit slang. But in reality, it's a very complex thing, with a lot of conventions and some improvisational Q&A. For example, ask: blush what? A: Refreshed. Q: Why is it yellow again? A: Cold-resistant wax. This is the case. Unless you have three or five years of experience as a bandit, you will not be able to thoroughly grasp the know-how and use it flexibly. Yang Zirong was able to quickly grasp and apply it in the struggle against bandits, which fully demonstrated his great wisdom and courage.
Some of the leaders of the bandits in the Northeast often carry a small bronze Buddha, which is said to be called "Dharma Dora", which is their "god". Heilongjiang bandit Xie Wendong is like this, he often offers bronze Buddhas, starts classes with hexagrams, and decides on good luck. The bandit leaders shown in many literary and artistic works are all majestic and commanding in the bandits. In fact, according to the confession of a person who has been the leader of the bandits, the leader of the bandits leading the bandits is like leading a jackal, and he is always worried. Because not only some leaders may not be satisfied with the big boss, and may usurp power at any time; It's just an ordinary cub, if it's provoked, it will immediately use a knife and a gun, regardless of the consequences. Therefore, the general bandit capital is silent, and the city is extremely deep, and the general bandit is unpredictable and profound, only in awe; Second, you can secretly calculate who may have different aspirations, whose words and deeds are abnormal, and what countermeasures should be taken. Many bandit leaders have never had a person to say to their hearts in their lives, and they live alone and die alone surrounded by a large group of bandits.
The Northeast bandit leader generally has a green forest number, which reflects the characteristics, customs and intentions of the bandit leader. For example, "Zhan Zhonghua", "Zhan Jiuzhou", "Zhan Bei Province", "East Side", "Zhong Batian", etc., reflect the arrogant ambition of the bandits; "Green forests are good", "green mountains are good", "Songjiang is good", etc., reflecting the regional environment of banditry activities; "Flying on the grass", "geese in the clouds", "pangolins", "always winning", etc., reflect the fantasies and aspirations of the bandits. Some use the name and nickname of the bandit leader or the name after removing the surname to make the green forest number, such as "Old North Wind", "Little White Dragon", "Liu Er Dare Son", "Sun) Changhai" and so on. For example, more than 50 bandits under Qu Zhenguang, the bandit leader in Jilin's Hunjiang area, walked like a fly, that is, they reported that they were "rolling mines," and "White Horse Zhang" was obviously a bandit leader whose surname was Zhang, and he often rode a white horse.
Bandits believe that "if you don't have a nickname, you can't make a fortune", so even a small gangster of one or two people must have a number. When they met on the road, each group reported to their homes, they were enemies, and they were caught and killed; It's friendly, and it's all right. When smashing the kiln, he also reported to the villagers, one of which was quite a "good man doing good things", and the other was also used to make a name for himself and attract unscrupulous people to come and defect.
Northeast bandits often have some rules, which are not allowed to rob. For example: happy funerals, postmen and merchants, going to the village to practice medicine, fortune telling, widowhood and loneliness, cart shops, coffin shops, are all in the regulations. **In the early days, the famous horse beard and green forest newspaper "White Horse Zhang" personally set 13 disciplines to restrain his subordinates. It stipulates that the main brand of Pegasus cigarettes in this mountain is the banner, and those who smoke this cigarette in other places must help each other, and the offender will be immediately beheaded; The Kanto region is adjacent to foreign countries, and not only can it not be sent to foreigners, but it must be secretly protected to avoid unnecessary diplomatic incidents; Those who are willing to enter the mountain (the smallest among the bandits) must be introduced by more than 20 people in the mountain, and recognize someone as a teacher, and the teacher can only enter the mountain; This mountain is infested by Yingjie (other bandits), and must be rescued as much as possible, and violators will be severely punished; Leakers will be killed; Those who are executed by drawing lots cannot be lenient, although their closest relatives cannot be lenient, if they retreat or indulge, they will not be pardoned; Ninety percent of the income from the business trip will be opened, and two percent will be returned to the public, one eyeline, four public stalls, one reward for the contribution personnel, and one will be paid to the family of the brothers over the years; Those who enter the mountain can make a living legitimately, but they are not allowed to do medical divination and astrology, especially not as an official, and those who enter the mountain and become an official will not be killed.
International bandits in the Northeast.
The forces of Japan and Russia have infiltrated the three eastern provinces, and the activities of bandits in the northeast have often taken on an international color. Twenty Daogou on the border between Jilin Province and North Korea, located in the Changbai Mountains, where the Japanese opened a timber mill and plundered the forest resources of China and North Korea. In May 1923, the Hu bandits came here to loot and took away more than 30 employees and workers in the factory, and the rest of the Japanese managers and their families were so frightened that they fled across the border and fled to Korea. Chinese officers and soldiers went to the clean-up and were defeated by the bandits, killing 6 people and capturing more than 20 people. June 22 of this year. On the South Manchurian Railway, which Japan operates in the northeast, Hu bandits killed a Japanese train conductor when they hijacked a car.
On the other hand, foreign bandits are also committing crimes in the Northeast. In July and August 1923, horse thieves Tang Yingkui and Guo Zhenfa from Yanji and Antu counties in Jilin Province, Jiang Kuilao and Zhang Erbiao from Fusong County joined forces with Korean bandits in an attempt to attack Antu, Fusong, Tonghua, Linjiang, and Changbai counties. Japanese ronins or spies infiltrated the Chinese bandits, participated in raids and robberies, and opposed the Chinese government. In June 1924, when the envoy of Taonan Town, Xi Chaoxi, booby-trapped Lu Zhankui's bandits, he found that there were 6 Japanese among them, and they had to be handed over to the Japanese side for processing. After the October Revolution in 1917, a large number of White Russians fled to China, especially in the northeast. Many of these former Tsarist Russian officers organized or joined bandit teams to establish base areas in China. For example, Shi Liev, the leader of the old party and bandits, was hiding in Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province, along the Sino-Russian border. Although China ** is wanted. But there is no way to capture it. Sometimes they armed and harassed the border areas of Soviet Russia and sometimes committed crimes and criminal activities in various parts of the Northeast.
At 10:30 p.m. on August 27, 1927, the 26th train from Harbin to Vladivostok via Suifenhe arrived between Aberley Station and Shihezi Station. The mountain roads in this area are rough and the tracks are uneven, and the trains have to slow down. At this time, gunshots on both sides of the railway suddenly erupted, dense as beads, the glass of the carriage was shattered one after another, and the carriage board was hit by bullets. At the same time, a shout of "stop" sounded in the mountains and fields. The driver was reluctant to stop and could not accelerate, but still walked slowly. Suddenly, the locomotive hit something, and it finally stopped with a "bang". At this time, a large number of bandits flocked to the car, drove the passengers into the corner of the car, looted the money and belongings they carried, and threw the luggage on the seats out of the car. The conductor, the escort and the road police inspector tried to resist but were all wounded. The rest of the road police had to stand with their hands down and wait for the bandits to come and collect their guns and bullets.
What is strange is that the Hu bandits do not ask Chinese tourists, men, women, old and young, and must take baht, but they do not move a penny to ** passengers. Someone looked out of the car window and found that the bandit leader was actually a White Russian "big nose". The bandits looted for more than half an hour and left with some hostages. The driver got out of the car to inspect and saw that the railroad tracks in front of the car were full of sleepers. The road police removed the barrier before the train could move forward. Later, it was confirmed that the bandits took away more than 50 people and robbed more than 60,000 yuan of property.
According to incomplete statistics, by the time of the September 18 Incident in 1931, the total number of bandits in Northeast China should have been more than 100,000 (including the Rehe area, which is now the border area between Liaoning and Inner Mongolia). Among them, Heilongjiang is the largest, and it is known as the number of Hu bandits in the northeast. In the 13 years from 1918 to 1931, the population of the Linjiang area of Jilin Province was about 100,000, but thousands of cases of bandits were recorded during this period. Many people have been in the forest for generations, and some are bandits with their whole families. Wang Taiping, the leader of the bandits in Mengjiang County, his mother has been a bandit for many years, and he has 6 brothers, except for 1 who is a soldier, the remaining 5 are bandits.
The calfherd's joke killed him.
In the process of snatching the kidnapping tickets, the bandits used cruel and vicious methods. In 1926, Sun Rongjiu, a giant bandit in Boli County, Heilongjiang Province, burned a person surnamed Zhang with three ropes on his chest and back. When the family couldn't send the ransom for a long time, Sun Rongjiu cut off the ears of the meat ticket and gave it to the bitter master's family.
In 1927, there was a 12-year-old cowherd in Wudaoxia, Hongtu Cliff, Linjiang District, Jilin Province, and the owner said to him at night: "Be careful when you sleep, beware of bandits!" The calfherd, who had nothing, jokingly exclaimed, "What are the bandits coming?" And cut me off? Unexpectedly, these words were heard by the bandits. The next day, the calf disappeared. The owner and his neighbors found his body in a ditch outside the village, and it was really cut off by bandits.
In April 1936, the Jilin bandit leader "Zhongshan Hao" stripped off the clothes of a person surnamed Zhang, tied him to a bench and poured chili pepper water, and after his stomach bulged, he used a pole to press out the water, and so on until he died.
The bandits who acted as ghosts for the Japanese invasion of China were even more extreme. December 1935. Sun Yuli, a traitor and bandit who defected to Japan in the Hunjiang area of Jilin Province, arrested a woman from the family of the Anti-Japanese Federation and interrogated her in Badaojiang, and the bandit and the Japanese soldiers took this woman**; Then he took her to Heigou Village and forced the more than 20 people who were arrested to ** her again. In the end, the bandit brutally poured burnt candle oil on her lower body, causing the woman to die in a state of extreme pain.
The bandits are so unconscionable to the common people, and the punishment of those who foul the people in their slippers is extremely cruel. If someone takes refuge with a hostile side or deserts, they are caught; If someone betrays someone or a secret inside the slippery and is discovered, then they will be severely punished. The means are: digging the heart - to see if the red heart or the black heart; gouging out his eyes - so that he can no longer see any secrets; There are also shooting, burning, burying alive, "back hair" (strangulation), "hanging armor" (stripping off clothes in winter, pouring water on the body to freeze armor), and so on.
Since the bandits generally have **, they pose a greater threat to society. In the early 20s, there were often more than 1,000 bandits per unit in Heilongjiang Province, with sufficient firearms and unusual ferocity. At that time, Zhang Zuolin, the "King of the Northeast", and many of his subordinates, although they were born as bandits, were powerful at this time. The bearded men who harassed the areas under his rule were also to be encircled and suppressed. In July 1923, Zhang Zuolin instructed that the northeast should be divided into five anti-bandit areas, and the troops should be divided to encircle and suppress each other. But the Hu bandits were not only able to confront the official army, but even dared to take the initiative to attack. On 15 July, hundreds of horse and foot bandits operating in Heilongjiang Province and whose Lulin newspaper was "Xijiusheng" carried machine guns surrounded and attacked the border post of Boxing Town in the Suifenhe area, and fierce gunfights broke out between the soldiers and bandits. The government sent a battalion of soldiers to the rescue, but unexpectedly, "Xijiusheng" received help from another bandit, Chen Dongshan. The soldiers and bandits fought until both sides were defeated, and then the battle ended.
Of course, under the advance and suppression of the official army, after all, some of the small Hu bandits were eliminated, and some had no way out because they were pursued and suppressed, so they had to surrender. However, these redbeards often do not change their ways, or detain meat tickets to continue to ransom, or harass the local merchants and people, or deceive to wait for a comeback.
After September 18, the Hu bandits were divided.
In the 30s, compared with bandits in other parts of the country, the bandits in the Northeast had some very characteristic changes. This change was entirely due to the political situation in the Northeast at that time. In 1931, Japanese imperialism created the September 18 Incident and occupied Northeast China, followed by the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo. In the case of the rise of radical dramas, the Northeast Hu bandits have also produced the differentiation of radical dramas.
At the time of the national crisis, some bandits also waved the banner of resistance against Japan and aimed their guns at the Japanese army and traitors. This is the case with Gao Zhenpeng, the leader of the Liaoxi Hu Bandit Alliance.
However, on the other hand, there were also many bandits who were bribed by the Japanese army and traitors and were willing to fight for the tiger, which further increased the suffering of the people in the northeast who were ruined and ruined. On September 26, 1931, a gang of bandits, bribed and instructed by the Japanese army, brazenly blew up the 102nd train from Huanggutun in Shenyang. The train was loaded with nearly 1,000 Chinese and foreign refugees, and more than 500 people were killed or wounded. Shao Benliang, a bandit in the Changbai Mountain area, was recruited and appointed by the Japanese army as the "Commander-in-Chief of the Major General of the Eastern Border Road Bandits", and used a large number of ** provided by the Japanese to besiege the anti-Japanese coalition army, which was extremely vicious.
In October 1931, the Japanese Kwantung Army Command used Ling Yinqing, a traitor and special commissioner of Shanghai's "National **" in Shenyang, to instruct him to recruit bandits from all over the country and serve the Japanese army. Ling Yinqing then set up a puppet "Northeast People's Self-Defense Army Headquarters" in Shaling Town, Haicheng County, Liaoning Province, and the Japanese army provided 300 rifles, 24 pistols, 6 machine guns, and 70,000 rounds of ammunition. He also appointed the Hu bandits Lao Beifeng, Tianlong, Zhonghua, Dehao, Qingshan, and Baoshan as brigade commanders, in an attempt to attack Jinzhou, where the military and political authorities in Northeast China were temporarily stationed at that time.
In order to eliminate this gang of bandits who aided and abetted the abuse, General Huang Xiansheng, the chief of the Liaoning Police Department in Jinzhou, sent the public security corps to suppress them, and secretly sent people to sneak into the bandit headquarters to show some of the bandit leaders the righteousness and urge them to resolve to put things right. On November 4, the commander of the Second Brigade of the puppet Self-Defense Army, Hu bandit Lao Beifeng, in the name of a banquet, swept up 16 people, including Ling Yinqing and Japanese adviser Kuraoka Shitaro, and all of them were executed. The bandits suddenly fell apart, and the puppet Northeast People's Self-Defense Army collapsed immediately.
The vicious "** beard".
In August 1945, the Soviet Red Army sent troops to the northeast, and the Japanese surrendered. Bandits and scattered puppet armies gathered in the mountains and forests, robbed houses, stopped cars, and rampaged between the white mountains and black waters. In order to gain a foothold in the northeast first, the Kuomintang hurriedly dispatched personnel to contact the bandits in various parts of the northeast before and after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and incorporated a number of puppet Manchu troops and police armed forces from the bandits as the so-called "advance army," and conferred the rank of general and colonel commander and commander, army commander, and brigade commander on the bandits. People call this group of bandits who have been co-opted and engaged in banditry as "**beards".
Ho Giang Province (Original Note:After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Northeast China was divided into nine provinces, and Hejiang Province was the eastern part of present-day Heilongjiang Province. The Diao Ling area is located at the junction of Yilan, Huanan, Boli, Fangzheng and Linkou counties, and the five counties are in charge, but the five counties do not care, so it has always been the number of Hu bandits. There are three rivers flowing through the place, such as the Mudanjiang River, and there is Dianzi () in the southOriginal Note:The small plains are rich in soybeans, corn, wheat, and rice, and are surrounded by deep mountains and old forests, rich in game: hazelnuts, mushrooms, birds, and animals. Diao Ling Town used to be called Xinglong Town, and it is indeed worthy of its name, with thousands of households, wine workshops and oil mills. Therefore, Hu Bandit made up a ballad: "Diao Lingdianzi race in Beijing, it is difficult to give up and leave the three links, sad and tearful lotus bubbles, to eat and drink to Diao Ling." ”(Original Note:The three roads pass to the southwest of Diao Ling....A big town. The lotus bubble is a nearby saline-alkali water bubble and does not grow crops. )
From 1945 to 1946, in the Diao Ling area, there were several mustaches such as Xie Wendong, Li Huatang, Zhang Yuxin, Zhang Rongjiu, Che Liheng, etc., nearly 10,000 people gathered and carried out activities here. They undermined the building of local democratic power, killed cadres and the masses, harassed traffic, and committed all kinds of evil. In the winter of 1945, when Zhang Yuxin occupied Boli County, he ordered a three-day robbery and a three-day robbery. He, Sun Rongjiu, Xie Wendong and other bandits, totaling more than 5,000 people, asked for money, food, carriages and horses, and women along the way when they attacked from Shuanghe Town to Sandaogang. Many bandit leaders saw beautiful girls and forced them to marry. The two counties of Boli and Linkou were looted by bandits, and the people were hungry and cold. The peasants could only eat acorn noodles, and the seventeen or eighteen-year-old girls had no clothes to wear, so they could only hide in the house, on the kang, and put on a broken sack when they went to the field. At night, the small village of Datun closed its doors and was silent. When a child cries, as long as he says, "The beard is coming", he is so frightened that he stops crying and goes straight into the arms of the adult.
From 1945 to 1946, there were more than 30 large bandits in Hejiang Province alone, who carried the name of "** Army" and committed crimes. Songjiang Province (Original Note:Songjiang Province governed the southeastern part of present-day Heilongjiang Province. The **beard of Bingxian brutally killed, **turned over the peasants. They tied the captured rural cadres to their limbs and put them in the yard to beat them. The beaten person rolled over in pain, and the bandit gritted his teeth and asked, "Have you turned over?" "In Bin'an, the Hu bandits caught the members of the People's Self-Defense Forces, not only shot them but also burned them with fire, and they also arrested and severely beat the families of the members of the Self-Defense Forces everywhere.
In present-day Hunjiang City, Jilin Province, there were more than 160 bandits and 1,560 bandits at that time. As for the lone stickman, small gangsters with several people are all over the place. Taking advantage of the fact that the regular troops of the People's Liberation Army were fighting against the Kuomintang troops, the bandits in Fusong County of the province wantonly sabotaged the people's political power in the rear in an attempt to welcome the Kuomintang in order to accept the incorporation and sealing. In January 1946, bandits went to Songjiang to rob homes and kidnap PLA scouts. Before the Spring Festival of this year, he saw that the situation was unfavorable, so he pretended to be obedient and temporarily kept safe. Immediately, he took advantage of the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month and the occasion of the army's ** celebration, and pulled people out of the "start" (uprising).
Since then, he has been stubbornly an enemy of the people. In March, vehicles were intercepted in Wumeigou and supplies were looted; In April, he ambushed a vehicle of the Fusong County Brigade in Xiaoshan Village and killed the escort. Yu Fu also teamed up with other bandits to ambush the Fusong County Brigade, killing 11 soldiers and Qiao Haitao, secretary of the Shuangyang County Party Committee.
In August of that year, the local bandit squad pursued and suppressed the Fu bandits, and it was not until Huinan County that they were defeated, and many small and medium-sized leaders were forced to surrender. Yu Fu himself led the bandits to abscond, and it was not until the spring of 1948 that he was arrested and handed over to the people's power for trial and execution.
The Hu bandits in the northeast have a long history, have undergone several changes, and have quite local characteristics, and their final elimination is due to the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
Fact**: Bandits