When it comes to Song Jiang, his image is not good, especially influenced by the CCTV version of "Water Margin", Song Jiang is ashamed of his ugliness in the face of the emperor of the Song Dynasty. But then again, which courtier dares to be arrogant and presumptuous in front of the emperor, it can only be said that he really doesn't want to live anymore.
Song Jiang in "Water Margin", as the commander of Liangshan, occupies a favorable terrain, but in the good situation, he chose Zhao'an. The author's arrangement has caused us to sigh at the moment. Our current values are grafted onto Song Jiang, and the result he presents should be like this: either take the country and achieve hegemony like Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang. Or, like the legendary martial arts heroes, soldiers can be killed, not humiliated, and would rather be broken than broken. This is what most of us have for Song Jiang now.
However, the author's arrangement of Song Jiang Zhao'an is really helpless, why do you say that? Let's analyze it from the play and the play, and you can know why Song Jiang in the book must recruit An.
The character of Song Jiang has a prototype in history. In the first year of Xuanhe (1118 AD), Hebei and Jingdong suffered serious floods, the peasants were displaced, the people were poor, and the social contradictions were acute. In the first year of Xuanhe (1119 AD), about 36 peasants led by Song Jiang revolted in Jingdong.
Their main range of activities is between Qingzhou, Qizhou, Shanxian and Puzhou, and the capital Kaifeng is also around. They adopted guerrilla tactics, flexibly and flexibly attacked the most corrupt officials, and pursued and suppressed the imperial army. The Song court government hated them and called them "Jingdong thieves", but they couldn't come up with a solution to them.
At the end of the second year of Xuanhe, the Song Dynasty transferred Zeng Xiaoyun to the governor of Qingzhou and ordered him to specifically suppress Song Jiang's rebel army. But at this time, the rebel army led by Fang La in the Liangzhejiang region also developed quite rapidly, and Zeng Xiaoyun was reappointed as the governor of Muzhou, and finally became the main force to suppress the peasant rebel army in the Liangzhejiang region, and the imperial court also invested a large number of troops in the Jiangnan region. In this way, Song Jiang, which was entrenched in Hebei and Jingdong, got a chance to breathe, and rampant through Qi and Wei, with tens of thousands of officials and soldiers, no one dared to resist.
Seeing this situation, Zhao Ji of Song Huizong changed his strategy and changed to the strategy of luring surrender and recruiting peace. However, the result was the same as the suppression by force, and the surrender of Zhao'an failed to make Song Jiang surrender, on the contrary, Song Jiang's rebel army developed stronger, and the Yunzhou and Liangshanbo areas became important bases for the Song Jiang rebel army.
Soon after, Song Jiang waved his army south, passing through Yizhou, and boldly borrowed from Zhizhou. Unexpectedly, he was arrogant and suffered defeat. The governor of Yizhou borrowed the strategy of delaying the army, the righteous army was gullible and did not take precautions, and the imperial army came with a surprise attack, which caught the rebel army by surprise and suffered a heavy loss, so they had to retreat to the base camp.
But Song Jiang did have ambitions, he regained his strength, and the following year he once again led the army south, capturing the Yizhou and Huaiyang armies in one fell swoop. At this time, Song Huizong couldn't sit still, so he dispatched troops to attack Song Jiang.
Song Jiang has been entering the Chuzhou area of Huainan Road, and the local officials and landlords have been hit hard. Therefore, he also got the name of "Huainan thief". They also captured 10 large ships, prepared to march to the northeast, and crossed the sea by boat, but when they passed through Muyang, they were met with stubborn resistance from the county lieutenant, and the division was unsuccessful. When he sailed to Haizhou again, he fell for the plan of Zhang Shuye, the governor of Haizhou. Zhang Zhizhou sent undercover agents to infiltrate the rebel army, detected Song Jiang's movements, and recruited more than 1,000 daredevils to ambush on the outskirts of the city. In the end, the inside and the outside merged, causing Song Jiang's rebel army to fall into a difficult situation. Song Jiang's lieutenant general was captured, and most of the rebels accepted Zhang Shuye's recruitment.
The remnants of the rebel army retreated to the Jingdong region, and were finally exterminated by the martial arts doctors of the Song Dynasty. Song Jiang and other leaders of the 36 volunteer armies accepted the imperial court's recruitment, and were knighted. As a result, such a folk song also circulated: If you want to be an official, kill people and set fire to be recruited.
Looking back at history, we see that Song Jiang in history does have its respectable side like Song Jiang in "Water Margin", but in the end he failed to become a hero in our hearts, and it became a small episode of the change of dynasties in history.
So how did Song Jiang in the historical book take shape?
We know that the "Water Margin" that is now popular is not completed by one person independently, and the story of the Water Margin has undergone a change of dynasty, focusing on official and folk circulation, and also presenting different versions. At present, the prevailing theory is that "Water Margin" was finally compiled by Shi Nai'an and Luo Guanzhong, but this statement is still controversial.
"Water Margin" is based on the "Songjiang Uprising" in the late Northern Song Dynasty, which is indisputable. After the Songjiang Uprising, the story of the Water Margin began to circulate among the people and became a classic story talked about by many storytellers. The heroic legends of Song Jiang and other thirty-six heroes soon became a hot theme among literati and scholars. The original prototype of "Water Margin" was seen in "Xuanhe's Legacy", which can be said to be a folk account and a wild history. Hu Shi believes that "Xuanhe's Legacy" and "Five Dynasties Shi Pinghua" are the ancestors of the descendants of "Zhanghui**". In "Xuanhe Legacy", the story of the Water Margin is just a simple summary, and Mr. Zheng Zhenduo divides it into five paragraphs, namely:
The first paragraph: Yang Zhi, Li Jinyi (later Lu Junyi), Lin Chong, Wang Xiong (later Yang Xiong), Hua Rong, Chai Jin, Zhang Qing, Xu Ning, Li Ying, Mu Heng, Guan Sheng, Sun Li and other twelve people were all envoys to escort the "Huashi Gang". The point is that Yang Zhi had a dispute with someone because of selling a treasure knife, killed him, committed a crime and was assassinated in Weizhou City. In order to save Yang Qi, Li Jinyi and others killed the soldiers and agreed to go to Taihang Mountain to settle for the grass.
The second paragraph: wrote about the Birth Gang, and the characters involved were Chao Gai, Wu Jialiang, Liu Tang, Qin Ming, Ruan Jin, Ruan Tong, and Ruan Xiao.
Seven, Yan Qing and other eight people. The government sent a letter to arrest people, and was let go by Song Jiang's communication. So these eight people also went to Liangshan in Taihang Mountain with Li Jinyi, Liu Zhi and others to fall into the grass.
The third paragraph: Song Jiang was written. Chao Gai and the others missed Song Jiang, so Liu Tang took a pair of Jin Hai to thank him. Song Jiang gave this pair of golden hairpins to Yan's mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, and asked her to put them away, and she learned the origin. After that, Yan's mother-in-law and daughter-in-law hooked up with Wu Wei, and Song Jiang was furious and killed both of them. The government ordered Song Jiang to be arrested, and he hid in the Nine Heavens Xuannu Temple. So Song Jiang got a volume of the Book of Heaven, with thirty-six names on it and a poem inscribed:
Breaking the country because of the mountains and trees (Song), the sword and water engineering (river). Once a general, the sea is majestic.Inspired by the decree of the Nine Heavens Xuannu, Song Jiang led Lei Heng, Li Kui and others to Liangshan, and finally thirty-six people formed the Liangshan Group.
The fourth paragraph: The imperial court can't help the heroes of Liangshan, so they have to recruit An.
The fifth paragraph: Later, Song Jiang was sent to take Fang La's merits, and he was sealed and envoyed.
Although the narrative of these five paragraphs is simple, it has become a model for many later "Water Margin". Of these five paragraphs, the author focuses on the first three. In the section.
In the second and third paragraphs, Song Jiang is written. At this time, our evaluation of Song Jiang is: a hero without a "king law", and a hero of the green forest who is "loyal and righteous". Therefore, in the Southern Song Dynasty, there was "Hubaoyi Song Jiang Praise", and at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Gong Sheng wrote "Song Jiang and other thirty-six people praise" for the Liangshan heroes. Some scholars call the story of the Water Margin formed during the Southern Song Dynasty "Southern Water Margin".
After the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, entering the Yuan Dynasty, the capital was built in the north, and the Yuan miscellaneous dramas were prevalent, according to the statistics of Hong Kong scholar Liu Jingzhi, there were 36 kinds of miscellaneous dramas about the Water Margin in the Yuan Dynasty, and there are 10 kinds of them that have been handed down now, such as Gao Xiu's "Black Whirlwind Double Offering Head", Kang Jinzhi's "Liangshan Bo Black Whirlwind Negative Jing", Li Wenwei's "Tongle Yuan Yanqing Boyu", "Fighting for Grace and Three Tigers Descending the Mountain" and so on. Therefore, the Water Margin drama of this period is also known as the "North Water Margin". The stories or plays in "Southern Water Margin" and "Northern Water Margin" provide the basis for the current version of "Water Margin".
In the Water Margin drama of the Yuan miscellaneous drama, for the problem of Song Jiang falling into the grass, it was mentioned that he killed Yan's mother-in-law and daughter-in-law and assassinated Jiangzhou after drinking. But in the Song Dynasty's "Xuanhe Legacy", it was because of "vinegar" that Yan mother-in-law and daughter-in-law were killed. What does the historical evolution from "vinegar" to "drunk" mean? This shows that the Yuan people realized that the image of Song Jiang in "Xuanhe's Legacy" was detrimental to Song Jiang's spiritual realm and the concept of loyalty to the Song family. It shows that the Yuan people wanted to write Song Jiang's killing of concubines and falling grass as much as possible as if they were not out of the law of the country, so as not to damage his heroic image as a loyal grass tree. Because of this, Song Jiang in the Yuanren "North Water Margin" play, the nickname not only named the word "Shuntian" before the original "Hu Baoyi", but also added a new nickname "Timely Rain Song Jiang".
So, how did Shi Nai'an and Luo Guanzhong in the Ming Dynasty create a new "Song River"? Then look down.
Song Jiang in the popular version of "Water Margin".
In the current version, Song Jiang was dominated by the idea of loyalty and filial piety, and was finally forced to go to Liangshan. How did the author manage this spiral of development?
Song Jiang is by no means an impenetrable person in the current "Water Margin". He did let it go, and it was out of human nature, friendship, and the impulse of justice. Despite this, his chivalrous righteousness is still inseparable from the concept that the government is orthodox. He heard that Chao Gai and others "killed the duke, and the injuries were observable" in Liangshan, and they lost many officers, soldiers, and horses, and captured Huang An alive. He believed that this was "an act to destroy the nine tribes" and could not be forgiven in terms of law. Therefore, when Chao Gai sent Liu Tang to visit, he sent him back overnight and instructed: "Take care of the virtuous brother, don't come again." In the face of orthodoxy, he appeared very "timid". This is Song Jiang in the early stage.
"Water Margin" also wrote about killing Yan Po, but when we looked at the situation, we seemed to think that it was reasonable to kill. Yan's mother-in-law and daughter-in-law are ungrateful and deceive people too much, a loyal elder kills people when he can't bear it, and if he doesn't kill, Chao Gai's dispatch of Liu Tang will be exposed. Therefore, we feel that it is unreasonable not to kill.
After the killing, Song Jiang didn't want to go to Liangshan, he was afraid that he would become a bandit and humiliate his ancestors. Going north to Cangzhou, he got acquainted with a lot of heroes in the rivers and lakes, and was in a life-and-death situation in Qingfeng Village, so he had to be bold and brave enough to meet with the Qingzhou prefect, and finally decided to lead Hua Rong and others to defect to Chao Gai. I didn't want to, but halfway through, I was coaxed back by my father who used his loyalty and filial piety to become a prisoner.
Song Jiang stabbed Jiangzhou, passed through Liangshan, and was rescued by Chao Gai. Chao Gai retained but was refused, and Song Jiang took out his idea of loyalty and filial piety
Father clearly taught Song Jiang, Xiao Ke is not contentious, that is, he goes against the principles of heaven, disobeys his father's teachings, and becomes a disloyal and unfilial person, although he is alive, what is the benefit? If you refuse to let Song Jiang go down the mountain, you would rather just beg to die in the hands of everyone.On the march, Hua Rong asked two dukes to open the flail for Song Jiang, but he said that this is the law of the country, how dare he act without permission. On the way south, he got acquainted with many heroes and heroes. Who knew that a song "Xijiangyue" attracted the disaster of killing, and at the moment of life and death, he was robbed by Liangshan and saved his life. In the end, he said: Song Jiang will not go to Liangshan to entrust his brother today. In the end, he was forced to go to Liangshan.
After listing it, it is not difficult for us to find that Song Jiang in "Water Margin" is a benevolent and righteous hero who is loyal to the monarch, filial piety, and righteousness. He walked from the north to the south, got acquainted with heroes from all walks of life, gathered 108 generals to gather in Liangshan, and raised the banner of "loyalty". In him, loyalty and righteousness are a pair of contradictions. The author wrote like this, which also brought unexpected artistic effects, the most important of which is that the controversy on Song Jiang's body is almost deceitful.
The first thing that makes this question clear is that history cannot be changedIt is not a myth and can have multiple versions. The Song River in the torrent of history has undergone baptism and finally surrendered. This is not something that can be changed, and it is also a general direction. Whether it is a creation or a drama, Song Jiang surrendered to Zhao'an, which is a major premise with historical basis. All the creators did follow this historical fact.
Secondly, in Song Jiang's ideological character, the image since the Southern Song Dynasty and the historical development process, his thoughts of loyalty and righteousness have been deepened, especially the concept of loyalty to the Song Dynasty.
According to the "Eastern Capital Affairs: The Biography of Uncle Zhang", Song Jiang is described as a "drama thief", accepting Zhao'an because he was defeated and trapped, Zhang Shuye is a big hero, and Song Jiang is completely a loser in it. This is the official view of the Southern Song scholars and doctors on Song Jiang's acceptance of Zhao'an. However, folk circulation is another version, and Song Jiang's image in "Xuanhe's Legacy" has become a hero.
Wu Jialiang said to Song Jiang at the celebration banquet: "It was my brother Chao Gai who parted ways with me when he was dying: 'During the political and political years, I burned incense to Dongyue, got a dream, and saw that the village would get thirty-six numbers. If it is due, it must be to help the deeds of loyalty and defend the country. ”’
Such a hero of "helping to be loyal and defending the country" was born, and Song Jiang, who fell into the grass, had a heart of loyalty, but it was inevitable that "righteousness and courage would fight each other". It means that Song Jiang also led everyone to do a lot of robbing counties and setting fire to people. So how can we not be righteous and courageous? Of course, the only ending is "one is right".
Song Jiang commanded thirty-six generals to Chaodongyue and won the golden furnace's wish. The imperial court had no choice but to make an example to recruit Song Jiang and others. There is a marshal surnamed Zhang Mingshu Ye, the son of a generation of generals, who came to lure Song Jiang and the thirty-six people to return to the Song Dynasty
Song Jiang's return to orthodoxy was a great honor for him, and compared with the historical materials such as "The Eastern Capital", Song Jiang achieved a gorgeous turn among the people, from a prisoner to a hero. What the author really praises is not Song Jiang's anti-government and anti-official rebellion, but his support for the Song Dynasty, that is: helping to be loyal and defending the country.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Song Jiang's heroic image continued to be sublimated. The first class contradiction in the Yuan Dynasty was prominent, and the folk had the spread of "the people do not forget the Zhao family", so the image of Song Jiang had a new mission, that is, to do the right thing for heaven. His Kuangfu plan changed from passive to active, and changed the "Juyi Hall" in Liangshan to the "Zhongyi Hall". Song Jiang's changes in the Yuan Dynasty had an impact on the author of "Water Margin", for example, the poem "Nian Nujiao" in "Water Margin" expressed Song Jiang's eagerness to recruit peace.
The world is in the north and the south, ask Qiankun, where can you accommodate crazy guests? Borrowed Shandong Yanshui Village to buy Fengcheng spring. The green sleeves are fragrant, the snow is silky, and a smile is worth a thousand gold. Immortal posture, how can Bo Xing be eliminated?
Think of the reed leaf beachhead, the knotweed flower garden, the moon sky is blue. Sixty-six geese are even **, just waiting for the news of the golden rooster. Righteous courage covers the sky, loyal liver covers the earth, and no one knows the four seas. There are thousands of sorrows, and the drunken country is white all night.The time when "Water Margin" was written is generally considered to be in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, and some scholars believe that it was in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. But no matter what period of the Ming Dynasty it was, it went through a process. Before the author started to write this **, the Water Margin story had already taken shape in large quantities, and the author polished, processed, added and deleted on these formed stories, and even rewrote some plots, all of which were subjectively influenced by the previous Water Margin stories and the author's own thoughts.
Therefore, in the "Water Margin" we saw, there is a keynote that is the author's loyalty and righteousness. This idea of loyalty was refracted to Song Jiang, who experienced the twists and turns of his life and brought this thought to Liangshan. It can be said that the idea of loyalty has always been in him and has never left. Then, his ending can only be Zhao'an's return.
Finally, the author's breakthrough in creation。When the author created "Water Margin", he used "Xuanhe's Legacy" as the blueprint, but in terms of portraying the image of Song Jiang, he obviously inherited the story of the Water Margin in the Yuan miscellaneous drama. Song Jiang forced Liangshan, giving people the feeling that there was an effect of "coming out after a long time, still holding the pipa and half-covering his face". This is similar to Zhuge Liang's coming out of the mountain in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and Liu Bei's three visits to the thatched house. This kind of writing and plot has achieved the artistic effect of one knock and three rings. In terms of image shaping, artistic structure and environmental description, the three are organically unified, which temporarily reconciles the contradiction between Song Jiang's "loyalty to the monarch" and "falling into the grass".
However, Song Jiang's Zhao'an in "Water Margin" finally turned into a tragedy, which is the author's originality, which is unique and ingenious.
Regarding the ending of Song Jiang after recruiting An, it is recorded in "Xuanhe Legacy" that Song Jiang became officials because of his meritorious work, and 36 people became officials, and Song Jiang's ending was the most prominent. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a miscellaneous drama "Song Gongming Pai Jiugong Bagua Array", which was written that Song Jiang participated in the anti-Liao resistance after Zhao'an, and was promoted again because of his merits, and Song Jiang's image became a national hero in the Yuan Dynasty.
The evolution of the two generations before and after reflected the common thinking of the Han people at that time, as well as the national psychology of "recovering the rivers and mountains of the Song Dynasty".
Song Jiang Fangla in "Water Margin" was killed later, and he did not have a chance to fight against Da Liao. It can be said that Song Jiang's ambition has not been rewarded, and the Great Song Dynasty murdered people of insight when facing the pressure of foreign enemies, which is the rhythm of the country losing its pillars and the country not being a country, just like the tragedy of Yue Fei repeating itself. At the same time, it also reflects the people of the Yuan Dynasty "in the Yuan Dynasty, the heart in the Song; Although he was born on the first day, he was really angry at the Song Incident".
The purpose is to summarize that the reason why the Song dynasty perished was not that the country was unavailable, but that the government was in disrepair and the filthy officials were rampant, so that those heroes who were brave and resourceful and could fight well were finally driven by the imperial court to "boil beans and burn beans, and beans weep in the kettle." is born from the same root, why is it too anxious to fry each other", which is also the deeper meaning of the tragic ending.