Black is the darkest color, mysterious and powerful, black is often considered to be a low-key and luxurious representative, black is also the darling of many fashion designers, and is often injected soul into their works by designers, it can be said that the combination of black will never go out of style, and black is also a color ...... with a variety of different cultural significanceScientifically speaking, black is basically defined as the absence of any visible light entering the visual range, as opposed to white, which is when all light in the visible spectrum enters the visual range at the same time. From the perspective of cosmology, black is the essence of the universe, that is, the true face of the universe, black can express the awe and yearning for the universe, with a dream beyond reality and infinite spirit, the existence of black itself shows its own strength, and lays the status of black in the whole world.
To get back to the point, in fact, it is a serious carbon black knowledge blogger, the cold black in everyone's eyes is actually directly related to the pigmented carbon black to be talked about in this article, and then the carbon black industry network will mainly explain the characteristics of pigmented carbon black and the measurement standard of carbon black blackness.
OnePigmented carbon black
Pigment carbon black is a kind of carbon black, which is actually a pigment used as a colorant in coatings, inks, plastics, chemical fibers and leather chemicals. According to the coloring intensity (or blackness) and particle size, it is generally divided into four types: high-pigment carbon black, medium-pigmented carbon black, ordinary pigment carbon black and low-pigment carbon black. It is mainly produced by furnace method and tank method. It is often used as a pigment and filler in industrial production, and can give paints, coatings, inks, plastics, etc. a bright black color, and not only that, but also has the functions of ultraviolet resistance, acid and alkali resistance. In production applications, the carbon black powder is evenly dispersed in various media, which can better reflect the performance of the carbon black powder.
2. Characteristic analysis of pigmented carbon black
The detection of the blackness of carbon black is generally reflected in the pigment carbon black, because the pigment carbon black has good dispersion performance, tinting strength and strong hiding power, it has important application value in the coloring fields such as plastic products, ink products, leather chemical products, coating products, toner products, and resin products. The properties of pigmented carbon black play a decisive role in its final quality performance. China has clear standards for the performance testing of pigmented carbon black, and the specific testing is based on the national standard GB T 7044-2013 "Pigmented Carbon Black". Let's analyze the relevant detection indicators of our prime carbon black.
The detection indicators of pigment carbon black specified in GB T 7044-2013 mainly include blackness, particle size, oil absorption value, tinting strength, pH value, heating reduction, ash, volatile matter, fluidity, total specific surface area, 45 m sieve residue, and impurities. For the factory inspection of pigmented carbon black, only 9 items need to be detected, including oil absorption value, tinting strength, pH value, heating reduction, ash, blackness, fluidity, 45 m sieve residue and impurities. The type inspection requires all indicators to be fully inspected. Let's focus on the key indicators of our first plain carbon black.
1. Blackness and particle size detection and analysis.
The two indicators of blackness and particle size are important classification bases for pigmented carbon black. Moreover, the blackness is directly related to the particle size of carbon black, the smaller the particle size, the larger the specific surface area, and the higher the blackness of carbon black. GB T 7044-2013 divides pigmented carbon blacks into three categories according to their blackness and particle size, namely high-pigment contact carbon black or high-pigment furnace carbon black, medium-pigment contact carbon black or medium-pigment furnace carbon black, ordinary pigment contact carbon black or ordinary pigment furnace carbon black. The determination of blackness can be detected according to the method of GB T 7048-2012 "Determination of the Blackness of Pigmented Carbon Black".
2. Surface chemical performance testing and analysis.
Heating reduction, volatile matter and fluidity are the key indicators of surface chemical properties of pigmented carbon black. The surface of pigmented carbon black has different oxygen-containing functional groups, and the higher these oxygen-containing functional groups, the higher the volatiles, while the pigmented carbon black exhibits better hue tunable performance. The volatile content can be tested according to GB T 7047-2006 "Determination of Volatile Content of Pigmented Carbon Black", and the fluidity test can be based on GB T 7052-2012 "Determination of Fluidity of Pigmented Carbon Black".
3. Specific surface area detection and analysis.
Why Measure Specific Surface Area? That's because pigmented carbon black is a substance with a large surface, so it has certain hygroscopic properties. Moreover, if the hygroscopic performance exceeds the standard, it will cause unnecessary trouble to the packaging, storage, transportation and other processes of pigmented carbon black, and even affect the final delivery quality. In addition, if the specific surface area of the pigmented carbon black is not uniform and the moisture absorption is too large, in addition to causing trouble to processing, special packaging treatment will be required, which will increase production costs.
Of course, there are several other detection indicators of pigmented carbon black. In fact, in general, it is the requirements for the quality performance of several common masterbatches such as dispersion, coverage, fluidity, compatibility, stability, brightness and darkness, and the extended index regulations. Pigment carbon black is extremely common in the manufacture of garbage bags, plastic bags, cable materials and other products, so we must pass the test to control the quality and avoid unnecessary losses.
3. The blackness of pigmented carbon black
First of all, we must briefly introduce the physical term blackness, which refers to the ratio of the outward radiation force of the actual object to the radiation force of the black body at the same temperature. Blackness is an important parameter to characterize the radiation properties of an object. Blackness depends on the nature of the object, the temperature of the object, the surface state, the wavelength and direction of the rays. Blackness is only related to the object itself that emits radiation, not to external conditions. The blackness of different kinds of substances varies, and the blackness of the same object varies with temperature. Surface condition has a great influence on blackness, especially for metals, rough and smooth surfaces, which vary greatly, and for most non-metallic materials, they have high blackness values. And it has little to do with the surface condition.
The blackness of carbon black is a characteristic of carbon black, and the blackness of carbon black is the degree of blackness of carbon black. There are two ways to measure the blackness of carbon black, one is the direct comparison method, and the other is the blackness meter method. Generally speaking, the smaller the carbon black particles, the greater the blackness, and the higher the grade.
1. What is the relationship between the blackness of carbon black?
The finity is directly related to the particle size of the carbon black, the smaller the particle size, the larger the surface area, and the higher the blackness of the carbon black. This is because although the primary particles have been fused into the primary aggregates, their specific surface can still function, and the smaller the primary particles, the greater the specific surface area of the aggregates. The result is darker in color and better UV protection. Since the absorbance of fine-grained carbon black is higher than that of coarse-grained carbon black, the tinting strength is stronger. But when the particle size decreases, the hue changes to a brown hue because blue light is preferentially absorbed. Fine primary particles give carbon black a larger specific surface area and at the same time increase the difficulty of dispersion, and wettability and dispersion can be adjusted and improved by surface treatment.
2. The blackness and hue of pigment carbon black.
The color of pigmented carbon black is related to the size of the particles, the surface structure of the particles and the number of components of the volatile substances adsorbed. The blackness and brightness of carbon black are often prerequisites for its high dispersion function, otherwise, the blackness and brightness of carbon black with fine particle size cannot be displayed.
The color of carbon black in the dry state is inconsistent with the color of carbon black dispersed in the base coat, because the blackness of carbon black has a lot to do with its dispersion. To compare the blackness, it is necessary to disperse the carbon black in the lacquer base to make a color paste, and then match it into a color paint, and then make a coating film test piece for comparison.
The color of carbon black is also one of the important indicators relative to the carbon black applied, usually the hue of carbon black is formed by three primary colors, namely red, yellow and blue. Lamp black and furnace carbon black have a very significant blue color, and furnace black is mostly used when mixing gray paint.
3. The blue and red phases of carbon black.
Carbon black will have a blue and red phase. Carbon black is undoubtedly black, so why is there a slight difference in hue? What are the properties of carbon black related to these phenomena?
In general, the blackness of pigmented carbon black has the most direct relationship with its own original particle size, when the original particle size of carbon black is smaller, its own blackness will be higher, and the red phase will be more obvious at this time; Carbon black products with larger particle size will show a better blue color relatively speaking, but its own blackness is not as good as the former. It is not that the blackness of the color paste prepared from blue carbon black is lower than that of red carbon black, which largely depends on the grinding efficiency of the grinding equipment. The original particle size of red-phase carbon black is small, and the requirements for grinding equipment are relatively higher in actual use.
All sunlight is absorbed, and the visual representation of no reflected light is called blackness. However, carbon black particles are very small, and the fine particles can reflect very little light, and the wavelength of light has a certain relationship with the particle size. Depending on the distribution of carbon black particles in coatings, etc., the wavelength of light reflected is different. Correspondingly, black paints will appear blue, red or brown.
In the black paste, a blue pigment (such as phthalocyanine blue) is added to show the blue color, which makes it look good to the naked eye. Of course, the correct way to improve the blackness is to make the carbon black better dispersed and extract the optimal blackness.
4. How to observe and judge the blackness of black pulp?
When we have made a black pulp, how do we compare the blackness? Color pigment pastes are easy to contrast, while black is difficult to observe. Sometimes the opposite happens. For example, if carbon black paste A and B are added in the same proportion in the same emulsion, when the card is scratched on the cardboard, the blackness of the A color paste is better after the paint film is dried, but the blackness of B is higher when the card is scratched on the glass plate, and the light is observed. The main reason for this is that the former is reflected light into the eye, and the latter is transmitted light. The finer the fineness, the larger the total surface area of the dispersed pigment, the greater the ability to absorb light, the higher the blackness, that is, the darker the color. When the rod of the wire rod ** is thick enough and the coating film is thick enough, the observation results of the two will tend to be the same. In practical applications, the observation method needs to be determined according to the use of industry products, and direct observation is usually used for coating, and the thickness of the coating film is about 150 m; Some clear products need to be observed using a thin wire rod or a thin applicator.
5. What are the influencing factors of the blackness of carbon black pulp?
With the same kind of carbon black, the more fully dispersed the carbon black, the better the blackness will naturally be. The better the carbon black is dispersed, the larger the total surface area of the pigment, the greater the ability to absorb light, and the higher the blackness, that is, the darker the color.
The other is the carbon black particle size, which refers to the original particle size. In many cases, the grinding is sufficient, but the blackness is still not good, which may be the original particle size of the carbon black. The size of the primary particles of carbon black determines the blackness of carbon black. The primary particles of high-pigment carbon black are about 10 nanometers, and the ordinary carbon black is more than 50 nanometers. When the carbon black is fully dispersed, the finer the carbon black, the higher the blackness. Otherwise, the blackness of the highly pigmented carbon black sample may not be as good as that of ordinary carbon black, which is also the case that many people encounter. Therefore, when we get the black pulp is not enough, do not always think that there is a problem with the carbon black itself, and indulge in the selection of carbon black pigments, the preparation of grinding technology and equipment should also be considered, and the grinding process is optimal to get a fully dispersed carbon black pulp.
6. Is it necessary to use pigmented carbon black for carbon black pulp?
When preparing carbon black pulp, highly pigmented carbon black is chosen in pursuit of blackness. In fact, this method is not advisable. First of all, the carbon black pulp used in each industry has different requirements, and the most suitable one is the best. Some industry applications can use low-end rubber carbon black to prepare black pulp. In addition, the difficulty of dispersion of different pigmented carbon black is different, and the dispersion aid system required is also different, for example, high-pigment carbon black is not easy to disperse. It is best to prepare the product under the conditions of optimal cost and performance.
FourthMeasurement of the blackness of carbon black
Solutions for Blackness Measurement from Our Instruments:
Step 1: Select the appropriate blackmeter model according to different sample morphologies.
ts8500 ts8510 ys6060 ys6010
Solid surfaces. rubber, carbon black film).
pastes, powders.
ink, carbon black).
Granules (black masterbatch).
TS8510 (Upgraded).
YS6060 (high-end).
TS8500 (mid-to-high-end type).
YS6010 (Economy).
Step 2: Measurement scheme selection.
1. The national standard GB T 7048-2012 uses reflectivity to express the blackness value of the sample.
Simply measure the Y value in the instrument parameters, the Y value ranges from 0 100, the higher the value, the smaller the blackness.
2. The international standard is expressed by three parameters: MY, MC, DM, where DM=MY-MC.
The My value is calculated from the reflectance, and the higher the My value, the higher the blackness.
dm: indicates whether the blue phase is black or the red phase is black, when dm > 0, it is the blue phase; When dm < 0, it is a red phase;
Generally, the blue carbon black is darker than the red carbon black, so the higher the MY and DM, the better.
Select the blackness parameter in the instrument, and directly measure the MY and DM values, the MY value range is 0 400, and the DM is positive and negative values.
Some domestic enterprises use gloss meters to measure blackness, and the measurement results are only related to blackness, which is not accurate, and does not meet the national and international measurement standards.
3. Measurement of other parameters.
In addition to measuring reflectance and blackness, the instrument can also measure the color parameters of various color spaces, including: color space CIE-L*A*B, L*C*H, L*U*V, XYZ, YXY, reflectivity, huanterlab, munsell mi, cmyk, rgb, HSB, etc., indicators are: whiteness, yellowness, tint, metamerism index milm, staining fastness, color change fastness, ISO brightness, 8 gloss, A density, T density, E density, M density, etc.
FiveIn addition to blackness, we can also measure carbon blackofWhat
1. Carbon black tinting strength.
Principle: Industrial coloring reference carbon black (ITRB) or standard reference carbon black 3 (SRB3) is mixed with zinc oxide and liquid plasticizer to grind the resulting paste evenly, and then coated into a film of uniform thickness, and the reflectance of its light is measured with a reflectometer that is sensitive to different gray gradients. Mix the specimens in the same way, and measure the reflectance of the light, and the coloring intensity of the specimen can be obtained from the ratio of the reflectance of the two lights.
Calculation method: The coloring intensity t is measured as the ratio of the light reflectance of the standard sample to the sample, as shown in equation (1), and the value is expressed in %.
where: r---0Reflectance value of 100 0 g standard.
s --- the reflectance value of the specimen.
Take our CS-660 as an example to illustrate how to measure the tinting strength of carbon black.
1> Prepare the ink slurry film of standard reference carbon black and sample carbon black according to the standard.
2> Measure the Y value of the standard reference carbon black with CS-660, that is, the reflectance value of the standard reference carbon black yt
3> Use CS-660 to measure the Y value of the carbon black of the sample, that is, the reflectance value of the carbon black of the sample Ys
4> Calculate the tinting strength of the carbon black of the sample t=yt ys
2. Particle size measurement.
Principle: The light source is irradiated on the surface of the carbon black at an angle of 45°, the carbon black absorbs most of the incident light, and a small part of the incident light is reflected from the surface of the carbon black. The smaller the particle size of the carbon black, the weaker the reflected light. The photocell converts the light energy of the vertically diffused light into electrical energy, displays the reflectivity on the reflectometer, and calculates the particle size value of the carbon black from the relationship between particle size and reflectivity.
Calculation method: The reflectance value of the carbon black of the sample is substituted into the following empirical equation to calculate the particle size value (d) of the carbon black, and the value is expressed in nanometers (nm).
where: d--- carbon black particle size value, in nanometers (nm);
i--- reflectance value of carbon black.
Take our CS-600C as an example to illustrate how to measure the particle size of carbon black.
1> The reflectance value Y of carbon black is measured with CS-600C
2>y is equivalent to i in the particle size formula, and the y value is substituted into i, and the particle size of carbon black can be calculated from the particle size formula
The color of carbon black is related to the size of the particles, the surface structure of the particles, and the number of components of the volatile substances adsorbed. The blackness and brightness of carbon black are often prerequisites for its high dispersion properties, otherwise, the fine-grained ones cannot be displayed for their blackness and brightness. The color of carbon black in the dry state is inconsistent with the color dispersed in the base coat, because the blackness of carbon black has a lot to do with its dispersion. To compare the blackness, the carbon black must be dispersed in the lacquer base to make a color paste, and then mixed into a color paint, and then made into a coating test piece for comparison.
The color is also one of the important indicators relative to the carbon black applied, usually the hue of the carbon black is formed by three primary colors, namely red, yellow and blue, which are mainly adjusted for the color of the processed product. Lamp black and furnace carbon black have a very pronounced blue hue. When mixing gray paint, use furnace black.
SixHighly pigmented carbon black
Pigmented carbon melanin carbon black has a high pigment and has a particularly strong coloring ability, but many friends do not know what kind of carbon black is referred to as high pigment carbon black, and what is the division of high pigment carbon black.
The reason why pigmented carbon black is divided into high-pigment carbon black mainly refers to the particle size range of carbon black, and the particle size range of high-pigmented carbon black is pigmented carbon black between 9 and 17 nm.
1. What is the blackness of high-pigmented carbon black?
The blackness of the high-pigment carbon black we commonly see does not have a high value, such as the blackness of the high-pigment carbon black C111 is 25%, the blackness of the high-pigment carbon black C611 is 30%, and the blackness of the high-pigment carbon black C166 is 25%. It doesn't look very high, but the blackness of carbon black is not the same as that of products produced with carbon black.
2. What is the performance of high-pigment carbon black?
High-pigment carbon black has the performance characteristics of fine particle size, easy dispersion, acidity, good wettability, large specific surface area, high blackness, good gloss, high coloring, and blue phase.
3. Application range of high-pigment carbon black.
High-pigment carbon black is widely used, including special for automotive sealants, synthetic leather color paste, EVA foaming for shoe materials, all-in-one inks, metal coatings, motorcycle paints, automotive paints, high-grade paints, coatings, offset printing inks, ink pastes, toners and engineering plastics.
4. What is the blackness of high-pigmented carbon black?
The blackness of the high-pigment carbon black we commonly see does not have a high value, such as the blackness of the high-pigment carbon black C111 is 25%, the blackness of the high-pigment carbon black C611 is 30%, and the blackness of the high-pigment carbon black C166 is 25%. It doesn't look very high, but the blackness of carbon black is not the same as that of products produced with carbon black.
Blackness of CXRFJON black refers to the degree of blackness of carbon black. The light reflectance of Li J17 was measured by contrast. There is a direct contrast method and a blackmeter method. Generally speaking, the smaller the carbon black particles, the greater the blackness, and the higher the grade.
5. What is the performance of high-pigment carbon black?
High-pigment carbon black has the performance characteristics of fine particle size, easy dispersion, acidity, good wettability, large specific surface area, high blackness, good gloss, high coloring, and blue phase.
6. Application range of high-pigment carbon black.
High-pigment carbon black is widely used, including special for automotive sealants, synthetic leather color paste, EVA foaming for shoe materials, all-in-one inks, metal coatings, motorcycle paints, automotive paints, high-grade paints, coatings, offset printing inks, ink pastes, toners and engineering plastics.
The blackness of the carbon black also reflects the original particle size of the pigmented carbon black in most cases, and is one of the important parameters to measure the market for the pigmented carbon black**.
Guangzhou Baolaifa Instrument Co., Ltd. products are widely used in domestic printing, coatings, auto parts, metals, home appliances, gold standard test strips, food safety, medical testing and other industries and scientific research institutions, while the industry application range is still expanding, the company unremittingly carries out technology research and development and brand service to ensure the stability of the company's products, and is committed to providing users with high-quality products and services with technology. The main color colorimeter, spectrophotometer, hyperspectral camera, standard light source box, gloss meter, haze meter, thickness gauge, resolution test card, image test card, test software and other color matching system products and provide solutions.
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