Germanium target is a high-purity metal material used in semiconductor, optoelectronics, solar energy and other fields, with high melting point, high hardness and high thermal conductivity. The germanium target will produce certain loss and pollution in the process of use, so it needs to be used to save resources, reduce costs and protect the environment. This article will introduce industry standards and practices for germanium targets**.
First of all, the industry standards of germanium target materials mainly include the following aspects:
* Quality standards: The germanium target should meet the requirements of chemical composition, physical properties, surface quality and other requirements stipulated by the state or industry, and there should be no defects such as cracks, oxidation, impurities, etc., and the rate should reach more than 80%.
Process standards: The germanium target should adopt a reasonable process flow to avoid secondary damage or pollution to the germanium target, the equipment should have good sealing, safety, stability and other properties, and the process should meet the environmental protection requirements to reduce the discharge of wastewater, waste gas, waste residue and so on.
* Management standards: ** germanium target should have a perfect quality control, record, traceability, inspection and other systems, ** enterprises should have the corresponding qualifications, licenses, certificates, etc., ** activities should comply with relevant laws and regulations, contract agreements, etc.
Secondly, the practice methods of germanium target materials are mainly as follows:
Chemical method: use acid, alkali, oxidant and other chemical reagents to dissolve, precipitate, purify the germanium target, separate the germanium and other elements in the germanium target, and then prepare high-purity germanium target through reduction, crystallization, refining and other steps. The advantages of this method are high efficiency, and the disadvantages are high cost, high pollution, and complex operation.
Physical method: The germanium target is cut, crushed, sorted, smelted and other operations by mechanical, electromagnetic, thermal and other physical means to separate the germanium and other elements in the germanium target, and then prepare the high-purity germanium target through forging, rolling, plating and other steps. The advantages of this method are low cost, low pollution, and simple operation, and the disadvantages are low efficiency and unstable quality.
Comprehensive method: Combining the advantages and disadvantages of chemical method and physical method, the germanium target is comprehensively processed, first by physical method for coarse separation, then by chemical method for fine extraction, and finally by physical method for refining to prepare high-purity germanium target. The advantage of this method is that the efficiency and quality are higher, and the disadvantage is that the process is more complex and the equipment investment is larger.
Germanium target material is an important job, which needs to follow industry standards and adopt appropriate practice methods to achieve the conservation and utilization of resources and contribute to the sustainable development of society.