Putonghua is defined as the standard pronunciation of Beijing, the standard dialect of northern dialect, and the grammatical norms of exemplary modern vernacular writings. This definition involves phonetics, vocabulary, and grammar.
Putonghua is developed on the basis of Beijing dialect, but Putonghua is not the same as Beijing dialect, which is more elegant and standardized.
As for why Beijing was chosen, it is clear that when the People's Republic of China was founded, Beijing was the capital and the political, economic and cultural center for more than 800 yearsDuring the period of the New Culture Movement, the vernacular language was vigorously promoted, and Beijing was one of the main positions, and Beijing pronunciation and vernacular literature were closely linked.
Secondly, Beijing voice is a representative of northern voice. Among the seven major dialects in China, the northern dialect areas include the north, northwest, Jianghuai and southwest, and are widely distributed north and south of the Yangtze River, accounting for about 70% of the Han population. Wu dialects, Hunan dialects, Jiangxi dialects, Cantonese dialects, Min dialects, and Hakka dialects account for about the proportion of the population. 5% and 4% are both regional dialects, which have limited influence and a small number of speakers, so they are not suitable for Mandarin.
In addition, the pronunciation of Beijing is elegant and popular, the tone is mellow and gentle, the pronunciation is plain and accurate, easy to learn, and it is more suitable as Mandarin than other languages. In particular, the southeastern language group cannot communicate within the dialect area, that is, "ten miles of different sounds", such as many dialects in Zhejiang Province, although collectively referred to as Wu language, the pronunciation is very different, and there are difficulties in communication.
Language is the bridge to communicate information. The economic and cultural ties between the regions are getting closer and closer, and language cannot be an obstacle to communicationPhonological unification is also conducive to promoting national unity and national unity, and enhancing the sense of identity of the Chinese nation.
But there are also many voices that say how to deal with the promotion of Putonghua and the inheritance and protection of dialectsActually, it's not a contradiction. People in the same dialect area should use dialects as much as possible to communicate, and people in different dialect areas should communicate in MandarinDialects can be used in private, and Mandarin is used for formal occasions. It is also possible to establish dialect museums, dialect archives, etc.
Recently, with the popularity of short **, many distinctive dialects have come out of the circle and gained a lot of attention. For example, Henan dialect, Northeast dialect, Sichuan dialect, Wu dialect, Cantonese, Hokkien dialect, Shaanxi dialect, etc., are often full of vitality and expressiveness, and are gradually absorbed by Mandarin, after all, Mandarin is originally inclusive and open, and it is convenient to communicate with Chinese people.