A computer hardware system is the basis for the operation of a computer program, and its working principle involves multiple components working together. Next, we will start with the basic composition and working principle of the computer, and go deep into the operation mechanism of the computer hardware system.
1. The composition of the computer hardware system.
The computer hardware system is mainly composed of processors, memory, input and output devices and buses. These parts cooperate with each other to complete the computing, storage, and control functions of the computer.
1.**Processor.
*The processor, also known as the CPU, is the core part of a computer's hardware system. It is responsible for executing instructions in computer programs, controlling the flow of data, and completing various arithmetic and logical operations. The performance of the CPU directly determines the overall performance of the computer.
2.Memorizer.
Memory is the part of a computer that is used to store data. According to factors such as storage speed, capacity, and **, memory can be divided into types such as cache memory, primary memory, and auxiliary memory.
3.Input-output devices.
Input and output devices are key components to realize human-computer interaction. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, touch screens, etc., while output devices include monitors, printers, etc. These devices enable the user to interact with the computer, enabling the operation and control of the computer.
4.Bus. The bus is the communication channel that connects the various parts of the computer, and it is responsible for transmitting data and control signals. According to the nature of transmission, buses can be divided into data buses, address buses, and control buses. The performance of the bus directly affects the overall performance of the computer and the communication efficiency between the various components.
Second, the working principle of the computer hardware system.
The working principle of a computer hardware system can be summarized into three basic stages: taking instructions, interpreting instructions, and executing instructions. Specifically:
1.Fetch the instruction phase.
During the instruction fetch phase, the CPU reads the instruction from memory and stores it in the instruction register. Instruction registers are used to stage instructions taken out of memory. After the CPU performs the command fetch operation, add 1 to the contents of the PC (program counter) so that the CPU can read the next instruction next time. The instruction fetch stage is the most basic operation of the computer, and it is the premise of program execution.
2.Interpreting the instruction phase.
The interpretation instruction phase is the process by which the CPU decodes an instruction based on the instruction opcode in the instruction register. After the decoding is completed, the CPU generates the corresponding control signal according to the specific operand, and controls the relevant components to complete the corresponding operation. In this stage, the CPU generates different control signals according to different instructions, so as to control different actuators to complete the corresponding operations. The interpretation instruction phase is a critical part of the implementation of the program, which determines the efficiency and accuracy of the computer.
3.Execution of the instruction phase.
In the instruction execution phase, the CPU takes the operands out of memory or registers according to the control signal, and performs corresponding operations or logical processing. Once the processing is complete, the results are stored back in memory or in registers. In this process, the CPU drives the execution of the program by constantly reading operands and outputting control signals. The execution instruction stage is the core link of program execution, which determines the result and efficiency of program operation.
3. Summary.
To sum up, the basic working principle of a computer hardware system involves multiple components working together. Through the three basic stages of taking instructions, interpreting instructions, and executing instructions, the CPU and other hardware components work together to complete the computing, storage, and control functions of the computer. Understanding how computer hardware systems work helps us better understand how computer programs work, as well as how we can better use and maintain computer systems.