Management by objectives. 1.Emphasis passedGroups work together to develop concrete and feasible onesAnd goals that can be objectively measured.
2.Implement management by objectives: top-down and bottom-up.
Elements of Objective Management [Important].
1) Goal concretization.
2) Participate in decision-making.
3) Deadline for completion.
4) Performance feedback.
Participate in management. Definition: Let subordinates be subordinateActual sharingDecision-making power of superiors.
Justification for participation in decision-making [important].
1) The work situation is complex.
2) Modern characters have a high degree of interdependence.
3) A sense of identity with decision-making, which is conducive to implementation.
4) It can be used as an intrinsic reward to make the work more interesting and meaningful.
Mantra: Complex and interdependent, identify with the inside
In order to be effective, participatory management must be in line with [important].
1) Plenty of time.
2) It is related to the interests of employees.
3) The ability of employees to ask for participation.
4) The status and rights of employees and managers should not be threatened.
5) Organizational culture must be supportive.
6) Employee involvement needs.
Formula: Time can power (for) cultural needs
Participatory management is closely linked to many theories of motivation. For example: two-factor, ERG
The more high-ranking managers are, the less likely they are to accept the concept of participation in management.
Salary merit-based system (Joseph. Scanlon presents).
Definition: Incentives that combine performance and compensation.
Form: piece-rate wages, work bonuses, profit sharing, and dividends according to profits.
Implementation basis: a fair and quantitative performance evaluation system.
Pros: Less work for managers because employees work spontaneously
The salary performance system is closely related to the expectation theory
Leadership Theory. Definition: A person who has the ability to influence a group and influence others to achieve the organization's goals.
Basic features: 1) Must be influential.
2) Ability to coach and motivate.
The influence of the leader is mainly in:Appointment of the organization
Trait Theory. Definition: Leaders have certain inherent traits that are innate. Only those who are born with these traits can become leaders.
What are the qualities of leadership?
Transactional and Transformational Leadership Theory.
Definition: Management psychologist Burns divides leadership into transactional and transformational.
1.Transactional leadership [things].
AttentionThe completion of the task and the obedience of the employees, relying on the organizationRewards and punishmentsto influence employee performance.
2.Transformational leadership [people].
PassedHigher ideals and organizational valuesto motivate his followers and pass moreOwn leadership styleto influence the performance of employees and teams.
Transactional and transformational leadership traits [important].