On June 25, 1950, the Korean War broke out, and the flames of war reached our borders. **The Politburo held a meeting in Zhongnanhai, and after study and discussion, ** and *** decided to take action to protect our country and people.
The decision to resist US aggression and aid Korea has been formed, and ** began to consider in what name to send troops. If it is publicly announced that it will send PLA fighters to the DPRK to participate in the war, it will be equivalent to openly declaring war on the United States, which will be very unfavorable to the newly established New China.
Therefore, ** discussed with *** many times, and finally decided that the name "support army" was the most appropriate. However, when the plan was tentatively set, Huang Yanpei raised objections.
He said: "I don't agree with the use of 'support forces', we have to have a valid reason. "So, who is Huang Yanpei? Why did he have such an idea? And how did you respond to him?
Huang Yanpei: Huang Yanpei, a great educator who is full of peach and plums, was born in 1878 in a private school teacher's family in Chuansha, Jiangsu, and participated in the imperial examination at the end of the Qing Dynasty in 1907.
But because he was wanted for "slandering" the Qing court, he fled to Japan. Later, he joined the League and participated in the planning of the Jiangsu Uprising during the Xinhai Revolution, serving as the director of the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education.
Huang Yanpei founded the China Vocational Education Society and School in 1917 and has been engaged in education for 32 years. Both Beiyang ** and the people ** had promised him ** a fortune, but he refused.
Huang Yanpei also participated in a large number of social and political activities, and listened to Dr. Sun Yat-sen's teachings in person. He can be said to be full of peach and plum all over the world, Zhang Wentian, who was in charge of the CCP, Xu Teli, a teacher of the Communist Party of China, Chiang Kai-shek's two sons Chiang Ching-kuo and Jiang Weiguo, etc., were all his students or studied in the school he founded.
Later, in order to promote China's democracy and progress, Huang Yanpei actively engaged in political activities, and successively founded the China Democratic League and the China Democratic Construction Association.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, he always worked closely with our party and made very important contributions to the liberation of New China. At the end of the 20s of the 20th century, during the work of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai, Huang Yanpei's prestige and influence had already been noticed, he said: "Huang Yanpei is a person who has taken root in society, we must pay attention to uniting him and helping him!" ”
The acquaintance of Mao Runzhi and Huang Yanpei can be traced back to an educational meeting in 1919, when Mao Runzhi listened to Huang Yanpei's speech during his stay in Shanghai and left a deep impression on him.
Many years later, Mao Runzhi invited Huang Yanpei and others to Yan'an for exchanges, Huang Yanpei came to Yan'an thousands of miles away in order to solve the contradictions between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and inspect the aspirations of both sides, and was warmly welcomed by the leaders.
Mao Runzhi held Huang Yanpei's hand even more enthusiastically, saying that they had not seen each other for more than 20 years.
Huang Yanpei was greatly surprised by the enthusiasm, and he recalled: "As far as I know, this was our first meeting ......He smiled and said: "At that time, the Jiangsu Provincial Education Association welcomed Dr. Dewey to China, and you presided over the meeting, and in your speech, you said how many graduates of a middle school in China went on to higher education and how many were unemployed.
There were a lot of people listening to your speeches at that time, and I *** was one of them. Huang Yanpei couldn't help but admire: "The chairman's memory is really good!" Subsequently, he had three and a half days of in-depth exchanges with Huang Yanpei and others, and jointly understood the current situation.
During his visit to Yan'an, Huang Yanpei found that no land in Yan'an was idle, and everyone worked hard, with neat clothes and ruddy faces. Before leaving for Yan'an, Huang Yanpei was cautious because he was concerned about the restrictions on his movements, but he soon discovered that the Communists not only did not restrict their freedom, but also treated them as honored guests.
The leadership style of the Communist Party is also very different from that of the Kuomintang, and they are not arrogant and arrogant, but pragmatic and steady. This trip to Yan'an brought about a huge change in Huang Yanpei's understanding and feelings about the Communist Party, and he once said that he would remain impartial, but now his emotional balance has clearly tilted in favor of the Communist Party.
Huang Yanpei's new book, The Return of Yan'an, warmly praises the Yan'an anti-Japanese base area under the leadership of the Communist Party, and points out that the spirit of the CCP's friends in constantly pursuing progress is worth learning and has a bright future.
In February 1949, with the help of the Chinese Communist Party, he managed to escape the surveillance of Kuomintang agents and arrived in the liberated areas. On March 25, he arrived in Beiping and began a new chapter in his life.
In the afternoon of the same day, he and Shen Junru and other democrats went to the western suburbs airport to welcome *** and others into Beiping, and the reunion of the two after a long absence cannot be described in words.
In the evening, ** held a banquet to entertain him, Li Jishen, Shen Junru and other democrats. The next day, ** invited him to Shuangqing Villa as a guest, which was a very high treatment and the only treatment Huang Yanpei received.
When Huang Yanpei arrived at Shuangqing Villa, he saw *** waiting at the door from a distance. Before he could get out of the car, ** walked to the car, reached out to help, and walked out of the car with him.
The two sat for small talk, eating and chatting. ** Said to Huang Yanpei: "Huang Lao, you are my teacher's student, I hope you can do me a favor, is it okay?" Huang Yanpei hurriedly replied: "The chairman doesn't have to be polite, what do you need my help with?" ”
** continued: "I know that you have been involved in education for a long time and have run schools for many years. But I hope that after the founding of the People's Republic of China, you will be invited to engage in industry and commerce. Before Huang Yanpei could respond, he added: "I hope you can become a leading figure in the national business circles of New China, on the one hand, to reflect the needs of national businessmen to the Communist Party, and on the other hand, to convey the voice of our Communist Party to them." ”
Huang Yanpei was silent for a moment after hearing this, and then said firmly: "Chairman, don't worry, I will try my best to complete this task!" On March 28, Huang Yanpei, in accordance with the plan agreed with ***, sent a telegram to friends in the business circles in Shanghai, Hong Kong and other places, explaining the policy of the Chinese Communist Party and inviting them to come to Peking to participate in the Political Consultative Conference to discuss the great plan for building the country.
** Not only respects and treats Huang Yanpei, but also cares about and attaches great importance to the China Democratic Construction Association founded and led by Huang Yanpei. Due to the close contacts between the Democratic Construction Association and Shanghai's industrial and commercial circles, on the evening of April 15, Huang Yanpei and his comrades from the Democratic Construction Association were specially invited to have dinner and talk together.
At that time, he was accompanied by **, Rao Shushi and others.
A deep friendship has been established between Huang Yanpei and Chairman ***. In the first seven years of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chairman ** wrote 39 letters to Huang Yanpei, while he wrote very few letters to other democrats.
This is enough to see the friendship between them. In addition to discussing national affairs, the chairman also cares about Huang Yanpei's physical health, and whenever he is unwell, the chairman will ask and give him supplements.
In addition, both of them like to write poems and lyrics, and the art of calligraphy has reached a very high level, so they often give each other poems and ink. **The chairman's respect for Huang Yanpei made Huang Yanpei accept the leadership of the Communist Party of China with joy and sincerity and devote himself to the cause of revolution and construction in New China.
In September 1949, Huang Yanpei, as one of the representatives of the Democratic National Construction Association, attended the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. On October 1, the day of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Huang Yanpei stood on the tower of Tiananmen Square and witnessed the founding of the People's Republic of China with Chairman ***, ** and others.
1.* Presented"Support Army", advocating to stand up, Huang Yanpei opposed but supported. As the Chinese Communist Party's"Friends", he has always been straightforward and sincere, and bluntly reflected the problem.
When faced with the difficult decision to send troops to North Korea, he resolutely supported the proposition of ***, believing that we cannot see death without help, and we cannot sit idly by and watch the country perish. Eventually, ** and *** made"Resist US aggression and aid Korea, protect the family and defend the country"This decision was supported and respected by Huang Yanpei.
His words and deeds demonstrated true patriotism and selfless dedication. 2.Presented in ***"Support Army"Later, although Huang Yanpei had objections, he finally chose to support it.
As the Chinese Communist Party's"Friends"He always insisted on seeking truth from facts and dared to expose problems. In the face of the controversy over sending troops to North Korea, he supported the idea of ***, believing that we cannot sit idly by and watch the country perish.
His words and deeds embodied true patriotic feelings and noble sentiments, and he made major contributions to China's cause of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea. 3.* Presented"Support Army"Although Huang Yanpei had different views, he finally chose to support it.
As the Chinese Communist Party's"Friends", he always insisted on telling the truth and did not shy away from it. When faced with the question of whether to send troops to North Korea, he resolutely supported the proposition of the first country, believing that we cannot see death without help.
His words and deeds showed true patriotism and selfless dedication, and made major contributions to China's cause of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea.
The problem of sending troops has been solved, but the next problem is how to give the name of the troops. If we openly declare that we will fight in Korea, it will be tantamount to declaring war on the United States, which will be very unfavorable to our country.
To do this, ** struggled to ask for advice from democrats. After initial discussions with ***, he decided to use the "support army" as a preliminary opinion, and used this name in the next proposal.
However, ** was still very cautious, so before making it public, he specifically sought out senior democrats to listen to them. He believes that democrats have a lot of experience and knowledge and can provide the best advice, and listening to them will make things more thoughtful.
Although there are suggestions that the "support army" is sufficient, and the time frame for sending troops is getting shorter, there is no need to worry about the name, and how to win the war should be considered.
But *** still insists on listening to the opinions of democrats extensively.
When discussing the issue of the name of sending troops with *** and ***, Huang Yanpei put forward his own views. He stressed that "a division must be famous," pointing out that if the name is not right, it will not be good, and this will affect the progress of the war.
Huang Yanpei disagreed with the name of the "support army" proposed by ***, believing that it was tantamount to an open declaration of war on the United States. ** and *** both expressed concern about Huang Yanpei's suggestion and asked him about his high opinion.
Grandpa Mao frowned and pondered, Huang Lao's words gave him a new idea: "What we sent to support seems to have the meaning of declaring war on the United States." After careful consideration, Grandpa Mao suddenly became enlightened, and quickly wrote the words "Volunteer Army" on the paper, and said in a firm tone: "This is called the 'Volunteer Army', which is the spontaneous participation of the people, and they volunteer to help the Korean people and do not want to see war."
In this way, there is no longer a confrontation between countries. * nodded in agreement: "The chairman is right, the volunteers are all voluntary, so it does not constitute a confrontation between countries. ”
Huang Yanpei also said excitedly: "I very much agree with the chairman's point of view, if the division is famous, it is invincible." Your opinion is invaluable. After Huang Yanpei said goodbye, Grandpa Mao and *** sent him out.
A few hours later, on October 8, 1950, Grandpa Mao issued an order: "Appoint Comrade *** as the commander-in-chief and political commissar of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army......."As soon as this order was issued, the hundreds of thousands of PLA soldiers who had previously assembled in the northeast immediately changed into volunteer uniforms and secretly went to the Yalu River.
As a result, the title of "Chinese People's Volunteer Army" was born and recorded in the history of the war.
** The chairman came to Shenyang on the evening of the day he received the order, and drank the expedition wine with some of the generals who accompanied him. He raised his glass and said, "From Jinggangshan to today's North Korea, we are still old people.
Although we are called volunteers, I am not actually supporting. If they hadn't pressed the Yalu River, I wouldn't have volunteered. But now they have hit our doorstep, I am volunteering to take command, do you volunteer? ”
The fighters shouted in unison: "Volunteer! Volunteer! On November 8, China ** officially announced: "The Chinese People's Volunteers, under the leadership of the commander-in-chief, crossed the Yalu River and participated in the Korean people's war of resistance against the United States!" ”
** Volunteer to take command, he is the hero of the people and the backbone of the country.
Huang Yanpei wrote a letter to **, hoping to solve the food problem in rural Hunan. He took advantage of the opportunity of the inspection to conduct in-depth investigations and listen to reports from local comrades and peasants. The investigation found that"Troubled food"It was the landlords and kulaks who deliberately made trouble, and the common people were in fact very much in favor of unified purchasing and marketing.
Huang Yanpei wrote a report and sent it to *** and took the initiative to review it, saying that he would learn lessons, analyze them comprehensively, and be ready to correct his mistakes at any time. This open-mindedness reflects his high trust in the party and his high sense of responsibility to the people.
**Call on people outside the party to learn from Huang Yanpei's spirit and be friends of the party. At a party, ** asked Huang Yanpei why he didn't want to be the director of education, and Huang Yanpei said that his belief was"If you don't see the truth clearly, you will never blindly follow it"。
On the evening of May 1, 1954, Huang Yanpei attended the gala in Tiananmen Square, and after seeing the changes in New China, he was excited. When he returned home, he couldn't wait to write to ***: "Chairman, I am your cadre and your student, although I am not qualified to be a party member, I have accepted this fact.
I am being educated by the party, my thinking is changing, and I should confess ...... to youIn November 1955, Huang Yanpei's physical condition became worse and worse, and he was hospitalized in Beijing Hospital many times.
Even from the hospital bed, he cared about national affairs and even wrote to ***: "I hope the chairman can agree to continue to devote myself to work after I recover from my illness......."After receiving Huang Yanpei's letter, he was deeply moved and immediately replied: "The transformation work of the industrial and commercial circles has made progress, which is gratifying.
I hope that Huang Lao can recuperate well and recover his health as soon as possible. In September 1956, the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing, and Huang Yanpei also attended the grand meeting and was fortunate to sit on the rostrum.
This made him feel very honored, and he wrote four poems, entitled "The East is Red All Over the Ring", expressing his noble sentiment of being in the same boat with the Communist Party and unswerving.
After the establishment of the socialist system, our country proposed"Long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, treating each other with all sincerity, and sharing weal and woe"policy. ** And Huang Yanpei as a model, has carried out practical practice on this.
Sadly, on December 21, 1965, Huang Yanpei died of illness in Beijing at the age of 87.