In the early Qing Dynasty, the Jiangsu painter Zeng Whale's "Portrait of Wang Shimin" is one of the representative works of the four famous Chinese painters - the "Four Kings". These four painters, Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Hui and Wang Yuanqi, were deeply appreciated by the Qing emperors and princes and ministers because of their outstanding artistic talents and profound painting skills, and even won the love of high-ranking officials and scholars, thus ruling the Qing painting world for hundreds of years.
Their painting style and artistic ideas all inherited Dong Qichang's painting theory, took the ancients as their teachers, and insisted on pursuing the generosity, benevolence, gentleness and down-to-earth style of Chinese painting.
Their paintings are full and delicate, emphasizing visual beauty and delicacy, pursuing the beauty of grandeur and atmosphere, and are the culmination of traditional painting methods.
Wang Shimin, also known as Wang Zanyu, a smoker, an old man in Xilu in his later years, was a painter in the early Qing Dynasty"Four kings"in the first generation. He was born in Taicang, Suzhou Prefecture, Nanzhili, and was the grandson of Wang Xijue, a scholar of the university, and the son of Wang Heng, the editor of Hanlin.
His literary brilliance has long been known, with the shadow of his ancestors, the official to the Taichang Temple Shaoqing, and his reputation is deeply respected by people. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, Wang Shimin chose to live in seclusion in the mountains and forests, no longer participated in political affairs, and devoted himself wholeheartedly to painting.
Painters from all over the world came to his door in an endless stream to receive his guidance and teachings, and all of them became well-known figures at that time", and he was hailed as the leader of the art garden.
In the nineteenth year of Kangxi, Wang Shimin died at the age of eighty-nine.
Wang Shimin's "Nanshan Cucui Map": Take the ancient road and form"Imitation of antiquity is the highest principle of painting"Claim. Copying the famous relics of the Song and Yuan dynasties, you are good at Huang Gong in the twilight of your life.
His works are at the pinnacle in terms of concept, layout, brushwork, color, line, etc., and he is a landscape painter with profound traditional painting skills.
Wang Shimin is an important representative of landscape painting in the Qing Dynasty, he imitates the painting methods of the ancients, rigorous and serious, the brush and ink are subtle and lush, rich and elegant. His painting style had a profound impact in the Qing Dynasty, cultivating many ** such as Wang Hui, Wu Li and Wang Yuanqi, and creating the Loudong School.
In addition, he was praised by Qin Zuyong, a representative painter and critic of the Loudong School of painting in the late Qing Dynasty, as an art master who "moves his wrists and is empty, cloth and ink are elegant, random brushes, and hills and ravines".
Wang Shimin is not only good at landscape painting, but also his official books and list books are equally famous. His representative works include "Imitation of Meidao People Creek and Mountain", "Imitation of Mountains and Rivers", "Layers of Mountains and Mountains", "Autumn Mountain", "Yayi Mountain" and so on.
In addition, he is also the author of "Xitian Collection", "Compilation of Doubtful Chronicles", "Xilu Poetry and Grass" and other works.
Wang Jian, the word Yuanzhao, the number Xiangbi, and the owner of the Xiang'an, a native of Taicang, Jiangnan. He was a painter in the early Qing Dynasty"Four kings"One of them is good at drawing. When he was young, he was personally taught by Dong Qichang.
In the sixth year of Chongzhen, Wang Jianzhong raised people, and at the age of thirty-eight, he served as the capital of Zuofu with Zuyin, and then worked hard in Lianzhou, Guangdong. However, because of his resolute opposition to the bad government of mining, he almost suffered a fatal death, and two years later he resigned and went into hiding, ending his career as a eunuch.
Since then, he has devoted himself to the creation of calligraphy and painting, and has become an orthodox representative of the art world. In the sixteenth year of Kangxi, Wang Jian died.
Wang Jian, born in a scholarly family. His grandfather, Wang Shizhen (1526-1590), was a famous literati and connoisseur in the late Ming Dynasty.
Wang Shizhen fine poetry, rich collection, Erya Building collection of 10,000 volumes, ancient and modern calligraphy and painting masterpieces, is the leader of the literary world. and Li Panlong and others"The latter seven sons"。Wang Jian and the late Ming Dynasty in the north of the famous calligraphy and painting collector Suiyang Yuan Shu (Yuan Ke Lizi) befriended, Yuan Shu to collect Dong Yuan, Ju Ran works the most, Wang Jian benefited a lot from it, calligraphy and painting to each other.
These rich experiences and conditions have laid a solid foundation for Wang Jian to copy the original masterpieces of the past dynasties.
Wang Jian's "Imitation of Huang Gongwang Smoke Floating Far Away" is the embodiment of his profound ancient skills, with unique brushwork and good at landscape painting. His painting style can be traced back to Dong Yuan and Ju Ran, and is close to the influence of Wang Meng and Huang Gongwang.
His brushstrokes are unique, the strikes are obvious, the ink is thick, the trees are lush, the hills and ravines are deep, his method is hearty and ethereal, the ingenuity is unique, and the picture is full of the atmosphere of Shen Xiong and ancient Yi.
He also tried blue and green heavy colors, and his painting style was beautiful and harmonious. His slope stone is taken from Huang Gongwang, Wu Zhen is studied with moss, and Ni Zan is learned with ink. His green and colored landscape paintings, delicate and delicate, charming and bright, combined with Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming's clear and clean painting style, showing an elegant bookish atmosphere, deeply praised by later generations.
In the turbulent times of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Wang Jian, with his artistic talent, chose to "be alone". As the elder of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Jian could not directly face the pain of losing his country, but he found sustenance in the world of painting.
He copied a large number of ancient paintings, which on the one hand strengthened his traditional skills, and on the other hand, it also reflected his national complex. Many of his "imitation", "imitation", "imitation", and "imitation" works were created in this context.
Wang Jian is an important figure in the history of art, and his hand-me-down works such as "Changsong Immortal Pavilion", "Imitation of Juran Landscape", "Imitation of Wang Mengqiu Mountain", "Ten Views of Yushan Mountain", "Dream Map" and so on, have left us his artistic imprint.
At the same time, he also wrote works such as "Collection of Dyeing Incense Temple" and "Painting of Dyeing Incense Temple", which are the concentrated embodiment of his artistic thoughts.
Appreciation of Wang Jian's "Streams and Mountains" Appreciation] Qing Dynasty painter Wang Jian's "Streams and Mountains Beautiful" is one of the masterpieces in his creative career. This painting depicts the fresh beauty of mountain streams, trees and stones with delicate brushstrokes, full of life.
The ink is sparse and the brushwork is free, showing Wang Jian's unique artistic style. Wang Jian was one of the famous painters of the Qing Dynasty, and his painting style was deeply influenced by Wang Shimin and Wang Jian.
His works not only have superb expression in painting techniques, but also have a deep understanding of artistic concepts. His paintings are based on landscapes, figures, pommel horses, etc., and his brushwork is free and easy, and his ink is sparse, leaving a deep impression on people.
Overall, Wang Jian's "Streams and Mountains" is a fresh and beautiful painting depicting mountain streams, trees and stones, showing Wang Jian's unique artistic style.
His painting style is deeply influenced by Wang Shimin and Wang Jian, and his works have a deep understanding and expression of painting techniques and artistic concepts.
The Wet Cui Picture of Spring Yin was created by Wang Hui, who was born in a family of Chinese literati. Wang Hui's ancestors were good at painting for five generations and were quite famous. Wang Hui has been studying under his family since he was a child and is good at landscape painting.
He initially studied under Zhang Ke and focused on imitating the painting style of Huang Gongwang in the Yuan Dynasty. After that, he met Wang Jian, and under Wang Jian's guidance, he made great progress. Wang Jian also introduced Wang Shimin, and Wang Hui was highly valued by Wang Shimin.
Under the careful teaching of famous teachers, Wang Hui carefully copied the excellent works of the past dynasties, gradually mastered the skills of various painting styles, learned from the strengths of others, no longer confined to one style of painting, and often traveled to famous mountains and rivers, and made great progress in painting, and finally won wide recognition in the painting world.
Wang Hui and Wang Yuanqi have a deep artistic exchange. In 1691, Wang Yuanqi introduced Wang Hui into the court and participated in the drawing of the "Kangxi Southern Tour Map", three years later, Wang Hui successfully completed the painting with his excellent skills, and was appreciated by the Kangxi Emperor, who gave him the four words "clear and clear scenery", so that his reputation in the industry was far and wide.
After returning home, Wang Hui spent 30 years selling paintings at home, making a living from paintings. He often studied painting with his friend Yu Shouping, and his works are mainly antique, with exquisite skills, and he blends the northern and southern schools of painting.
However, sometimes his works are too rounded or too dewy, and the scenery of the mountains and rivers lacks variety.
Wang Hui's "Maple Forest in Yushan Mountain" is a representative work of his later years, and the painting style is simple and deep, which is admirable. His floral paintings are also unique, with both elegant beauty and vivid atmosphere.
He once said that painting should have a contrast between light and dark, just like the wings of a bird, both are indispensable. He fused the brushwork of the Yuan people, the hills and ravines of the Song people, and the charm of the Tang people to create a unique masterpiece.
Wang Hui has two sons, the eldest son Wang Youyu and the second son Wang Youjian and Qingzhong, both of whom are also good at painting. Great-grandson Wang Jiu, known as Erning, is also an outstanding landscape painter and is known as one of the "Little Four Kings" of the Qing Dynasty.
Autumn Tree Crow Picture is one of the representative works of the famous painter Wang Hui in the Qing Dynasty. As a "painting saint in the early Qing Dynasty", Wang Hui's influence was far-reaching, and his ** was numerous, forming the "Yushan School", which had an important impact on later generations.
His works include "Imitation of Cao Yunxi Landscape", "Pinglin Scattered Peach Blossom Spring", "Chongjiang Stacked Peaks", "Yuanren Gaoyun" and "Kangxi Southern Tour".
Wang Yuanqi: One of the "Four Kings" of the Qing Dynasty painting circle, he died at the age of seventy-four, and the official was at least Si Nong. He once participated in the township examination and passed the Jinshi examination, and successively held official positions in the Ministry of Officials and Shunde Mansion, and finally died in office.
He is known as the master of "Traveling in Streams and Mountains Four", and his works are full of poetry and Zen. His painting style is mainly landscape, integrating the characteristics of the northern and southern schools, focusing on both form and spirit, and exquisite brushwork.
Wang Yuanqi has a very high status in the field of painting, known as the "master of Chinese painting", his works are collected in museums around the world, and are deeply loved and respected by people.
Wang Yuanqi was a famous painter of the Qing Dynasty, and his unique style of landscape painting deeply influenced the painting world of later generations. He once painted the "Longevity Ceremony" for Emperor Kangxi to celebrate his birthday, so he was favored by the supreme ruler.
His paintings not only inherit the theories of Dong Qichang and Wang Shimin, but also incorporate his own innovative elements, making the landscape painting pattern unique. He had many students, continuing the prosperity of the Loudong School initiated by his ancestor Wang Shi Min, and occupied an important position in the Qing Dynasty painting scene.
He advocated that paintings should be unripe, ingenious, and not bound by ancient methods, so as to make paintings more vivid and interesting. While inheriting the ancestral method of his landscape painting, he is especially good at using Huang Gongwang's shallow technique.
Wang Yuanqi, a master of landscape painting. His painting style is deeply influenced by his grandfather Wang Shimin, and his brushwork is mellow and dedicated, and he is committed to imitating the ancient, and his forms are rich in variety. His painting technique is unique, he likes to use dry pen to burn ink, first use the pen, then use ink, from light to thick repeatedly blended, from sparse to dense, layer by layer, dry and wet at the same time, the picture is integrated, and the pen end has the power of the vajra.
His character is noble, humble and humble, and he admires Shi Tao, and once praised: The Danqing family in the sea cannot know everything, and south of the river, Shi Tao should be pushed first. He collaborated with Shi Tao to paint the "Blue Stone Picture", Shi Tao painted the orchid, and he painted the slope stone, which is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, this painting is a precious treasure in the history of Chinese painting.
Qin Zuyong commented on Wang Yuanqi's painting style in "On Painting in Winter", with beautiful brushwork when he was young, and more calm and vigorous in his later years. Wang Yuanqi's painting theory works include "Autumn Window Inscription Sketch", "Lutai Painting Collection" and "Rain Window Manbi", a total of three volumes.
His works include "Imitation of Gaofang Mountain, Clouds and Mountains", "Imitation of Huang Gongwang Landscape", "Summer Mountain" and "Zijiu's Painting Intent".
Qing Dynasty painter Wang Yuanqi's masterpiece "Scenery of Rivers and Mountains" shows the magnificent scenery and cultural landscape of nature from a unique artistic perspective, revealing Wang Yuanqi's love for nature and profound thinking about humanity.