Is Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu a scumbag? It s a hilarious question

After Wang Mang's defeat, Liu Xiu was ordered by the first emperor to pacify Hebei, but encountered Hebei Haojie Wang Lang as the emperor, Liu Xiu and his party had to flee all the way, and finally fled to Xindu County, which was still loyal to the first regime, everyone entered the city, rubbed a meal, and ate all the hungry stomachs in the past few months, and they were all satisfied with burping, only Liu Xiu's face was still sad, because he found that although Ren Guang was too guarded, there were only thousands of soldiers and horses under his hands, and he could defend the city. There were more than 200,000 people armed in Chengtouzi Road and Lizidu, and Liu Xiu wanted to take the team to cross the Yellow River south, join his army, and unite with him.

This "Chengtouzi Road" was originally called Zhan Zeng, the word Zi Road, because of the army in Lu County (now Mengyin East, Shandong) Chengtou, so it is also known as "Chengtouzi Road", gathering more than 200,000 people, plundering between the Yellow River and Jishui. Lizidu is a native of the East China Sea, which started on the border of Xuzhou and Yanzhou, and also gathered 60,000 or 70,000 people. After the first emperor Liu Xuan succeeded to the throne, he sent an envoy to recruit and surrender, and Bai Zhan was the Taishou of Donglai County, and the son of the force was Xuzhou Mu. Although the two accepted the canonization of the first dynasty, they still had their original forces and were divided into the Heji Plain east of Xindu.

Now that Wang Lang is powerful, it is not a bad idea to use the military strength of the peasant army to confront him, but Ren Guang expressed his resolute opposition. The peasant army is not so easy to use, it is possible that we were used by them, Liu Xiu's eldest brother Liu Xuan, also because of the small number of soldiers and the union of the green forest army in Nanyang, not only was the leadership deprived, but also lost his life, Liu Xiu also had to run to Hebei to start a business from scratch.

What about the lack of troops? Ren Guang proposed a solution, which was to recruit soldiers. Liu Xiu said that we tried it in Jixian a few months ago, but it didn't work at all, and we didn't recruit any soldiers, but we were surrounded by the people and laughed at them. Ren Guang said that you can't recruit like that, and he proposed to recruit and run for his life.

The so-called rush is equivalent to what is now called a mercenary. According to the military system of the Han Dynasty, the imperial court would let each county select some compulsory soldiers such as officers and knights who were more capable of fighting, usually spend some money, raise them with a "basic salary", conduct regular training, and once the country was in emergency, they would give "high bonuses" to summon these people to go to the battlefield. Since these Ben Ming are professional soldiers, they are naturally very fierce in the war and have strong combat effectiveness, but the problem is that Liu Xiu came to Hebei to start a business, has no money and no wealth, is poor and white, and only relies on the reputation of the Battle of Kunyang to mix up until now, and the high bonus to raise money to run for his life?

Ren Guang said that this is easy to do, he has been robbed of his clothes in the past, and he knows what kind of way these soldiers are, so he immediately put forward a ghost idea: as long as we promise to attack the city, if the city refuses to surrender, then after the city is broken, the soldiers will be able to loot and plunder, then it will be easy to recruit troops, and the combat effectiveness will skyrocket.

Liu Xiu used to lead troops with strict military discipline, "I don't take property, but I can plan soldiers." "Now if he wants to change his thinking all of a sudden, the black people, it is really difficult to accept it at this time, but he is in a hurry, and now Liu Xiu's strength is too weak, no matter what, he has to pull up a team first, erect a flag, win two battles, give everyone some confidence, and those wait-and-see Yan Zhao Haojie may help themselves in turn!

Liu Xiu was struggling, and Ren Guang said with a smile: Although we can't unite with Chengtouzilu and Lizidu, we can also act in the name of taking prisoners of the city. They are outcasts, and they don't care about more notoriety. In short, this is an expedient measure, a helpless move, and when the situation in Hebei improves, it is not too late for us to set things right.

Liu Xiu looked at Ren Guang and thought to himself that this guy was loyal and powerful, and he was really a talent.

At this time, in the west of Xindu, there was another Hecheng County (Quyang under the rule of the county, that is, Jinzhou City, Hebei) Taishou Pi Tong, who insisted on not surrendering to Wang Lang, heard the wind and came to see Liu Xiu, and actually expressed his willingness to raise the county to be attached.

Pi Tong, the word Weijun, is a native of Xindu, born in an official family, originally Wang Mang's new dynasty and Chengjun pawn, as mentioned in the previous note, the pawn is a marquis as the guardian, which shows that Pi Tong was also a high-level of the Mang Dynasty. However, as soon as Wang Mang was defeated, he surrendered to the first dynasty, and admired Liu Xiu, the minister of the Qin Mission, who had been appeased here, and the two formed a deep friendship. Now that Liu Xiu is in trouble, Pi Tong is naturally obligated to come to help. And Pi Tong was born in a wealthy family in Xindu, and he also has a certain amount of power in Xindu, and he can also give Liu Xiu Renguang some help by virtue of his local relationship.

In this way, Liu Xiu got another county of soldiers and horses, but even so, the total was only more than 6,000 people, if the enemy could defeat Wang Lang's hundreds of thousands of troops, so someone suggested that it was better to take these 6,000 soldiers and horses back to Chang'an to make a plan. At this time, the first emperor had moved the capital from Luoyang to Chang'an, and "Sanfu Xiping" was much more comfortable than staying in this messy Hebei.

If Liu Xiu listened to this discussion and really returned to the Chang'an court, maybe his life would be over, but at this critical moment, Pi Tong stood up and loudly objected, he said

None of the speakers' words are true!

The new reckless has no way, and the people miss the Han Dynasty for a long time, so they began to take the throne and the world responded in groups. A husband and a halberd shouted, and all the generals of thousands of miles fled to the city, and the thieves and captives prostrate and surrendered. Since ancient times, it has not touched the people.

Wang Lang, who thinks of Nabu, takes advantage of the chaos in the world in the name of the Liu family, drives the rabble to shake the land of Yan and Zhao, and will perish sooner or later! (The idiom "rabble" comes from Pi Tong's sentence).

In addition, the Ming Gong rose up the soldiers of the two counties, raised the power of response, and if he wanted to attack, he would not conquer the city, and if he wanted to fight, he would not accept the army! Now abandoning this good situation and returning, not only lost Hebei, but also alarmed Sanfu and damaged the prestige of the public, which is not a good plan. If the Ming Duke has no intention of resuming the conquest, it will be difficult for the soldiers of Xindu to help the Gong. Who? Since the Ming Duke has returned to Chang'an in the west, the people of Hebei will never abandon their parents and betray the city lord, and they will inevitably be scattered and flee if they are sent thousands of miles away.

Everyone felt very ashamed after listening to Pi Tong's big truth, and Liu Xiu immediately said, let's not go, we will share life and death with the Hebei fathers and elders in this life, defeat Wang Lang together, reorganize the country, Hebei's vast world, and have a lot to do!

Pi Tong is a person who does not appear much in history, and he is not special among the twenty-eight generals of Yuntai in the Eastern Han Dynasty (ranked twenty-seventh), it seems that his merits are mediocre and his deeds are not obvious, but at this moment, his remarks are enough to make him famous in history, because Pi Tong is the only local power faction in Hebei that does not belong to the Nanyang system under Liu Xiu at present, his statement is very important, the more resolute he is, the more he can strengthen the confidence of Liu Xiu Group to stay and develop, without his words, maybe there is no dynasty called the Eastern Han Dynasty in history. Therefore, Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" said that he "can prosper the country with one word", and Su Dongpo also said: "This decision of the rise and fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Pi Tong can also be said to be the Yuan Chen of the Han Dynasty." ”

According to folklore, Pi Tong is not only brave and good at fighting, wise and wise, but also saves lives and helps the wounded, is proficient in medical skills, and is known as the King of Medicine, as famous as Sun Simiao. There are many Yaowang temples of Pi Tong in Hebei today, especially the Yaowang Temple of Anguo in Hebei where Pi Tong is buried at the end, it is the largest existing ancient building complex commemorating the ancient medical saint in our country, and the national cultural relics protection unit, the middle of its main hall is dedicated to Pi Tong, and the left and right are ten famous doctors such as Hua Tuo. Pi Tong is a person who can save the country and the people at the top, which can be described as immeasurable.

So, Liu Xiu began to attack Hebei, he took Pi Tong as the rear general, Ren Guang as the left general, Li Zhong as the right general of Xindu Duwei, and Wan Xiu as the partial general of Xindu County, all of whom were named Liehou (these four people were later all listed in Yuntai 28 lectures), ordered them to recruit troops and horses, raise hair and run for their lives, and wrote a large number of articles condemning Wang Lang, saying: "The great Sima Liu Gong will come from the east to attack the rebels. "Didn't you Wang Lang lie to people that the millions of exiled people in the Red Eyebrows supported you? We also say the same, and go further, saying that they have called, and they are scared to death, and this is called treating others the way they do.

Obviously, there are only a few thousand soldiers under his command, but he wants to say that he has summoned a million heroes of the Wandering People's Army, which is called "building momentum" in military art. That is to say, regardless of whether there is a "shape" or not, first make the "potential" bigger and bigger, so that before the fight starts, you will scare the enemy a few heels, and win half of the momentum, if you use it well, the latter half will not need to fight at all. And General Zuo Ren Guang is such a master of building momentum, and he soon led his troops to fight a standard "momentum" battle in Julu, west of Xindu, which can be written into military textbooks.

The first step was to send the knights to Julu to distribute a large number of texts about the imminent arrival of millions of troops such as "Chengtouzi Road" and "Lizidu" led by the great Sima Liu Xiu, and widely publicized them in order to win public opinion and confuse the morale of their troops.

In the second step, the follow-up army took advantage of the night soldiers to come to the city of Julu Portal, let each person hold a few torches, and drove back and forth on the edge of the lake under the city.

This is to build momentum, to create the extreme! If Liu Xiu is a genius performing artist, then Ren Guang is a master of special effects. With a few thousand people, a large scene of millions of people was created, and the audience in the city who watched it was so disheartened and frightened that they had to open the city gate and surrender obediently.

In one night, without a single soldier, take a city, this is the power of momentum.

After taking Tangyang, Liu Xiu's army turned north, captured the Julu town of Zhenxian (now southwest of Shulu, Hebei), and then went northwest into Zhongshan country, Kucheng County (now northeast of Wuji County, Hebei Province) held on, Liu Xiu's army attacked the day and finally took it, so according to the agreement to allow everyone to plunder, after the robbery Liu Xiu convened a meeting of the generals, asked them what property they had robbed, the generals were happy to put out their "spoils", triumphant, boasting to each other, only the right general Li Zhong did not rob anything. Liu Xiu sighed, since he couldn't reorganize military discipline in the system for the time being, he could only use morality to restrain everyone a little by commending individuals, so Liu Xiu said:"I want to give Li Zhong a special gift, and you have no complaints? "Then he gave Li Zhong the big horse he was riding, and gave him a lot of embroidered quilts and clothes.

The problem of military discipline was a major problem of Liu Xiuhan's army, and later Wu Han plundered Nanyang to force against Deng Feng, and Wu Han's army slaughtered Chengdu, all of which made historians quite criticized. And the initiator of all this is actually Ren Guang, a loyal elder who has suffered a lot from it, which is really a historical irony that makes people speechless.

Seeing that Liu Xiu was like a bamboo all the way and his prestige was shocked, those Yan Zhao Haojie who had the heart to return to him gathered one after another.

First of all, the giant deer hero Geng Chun came with more than 2,000 clan guests. In order to show his determination to revolt to the death, Geng Chun also burned down all the ancestral houses in his hometown (Note 1) in the hope of the overwhelming public. The big wealthy family of more than 2,000 people, which is also a big village, was all burned, which is a pity. Among them, the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled also followed the troops; Some elderly people are old and in poor health, what if they die on the road? It doesn't matter, take the coffin on the road, bury the bones, why do you need mulberry ground, where is life not green mountains!

Geng Chun dedicated the future and destiny of himself and his entire family to the cause of the Fuhan Revolution. This is the real high-grade hero, who will not worry about it when he sees it, even if he fails, he will be vigorous; And a guy like Li Yi who sees the wind and makes the rudder on both sides is easy to succeed, but it is also easy to fail.

Seeing this scene, Liu Xiu was very moved, sighed, and then worshiped Geng Chun as the former general, named Geng Xianghou, led his troops as the vanguard, and continued to attack Zhongshan in the north; And after the situation in Hebei improved slightly, he sent special personnel to escort Geng's military dependents to leave the army and move to Pingshan County, Hebei Province.

The reason why Liu Xiu first went north to attack the city and conquer the city, and then went south to fight Wang Lang was because the north had not been attached to Wang Lang for a long time, and he could accumulate strength while his foundation was not deep; The second can avoid being attacked by the enemy on the back of the abdomen, and when Liu Xiu pacifies the north, the reinforcements of the first emperor will attack to the south again, and the north and south will attack, then Wang Lang will be defeated.

At this time, Liu Zhi (Zi Boxian), a disciple of the clan of Changcheng (now Hengshuixi, Hebei), joined Liu Xiu's army with thousands of clan guests. Liu Zhi's eloquence is first-class, and his military ability is also acceptable, Liu Xiu worships him as a general of Xiaocai, makes a liehou, and orders him to lead his troops to act with the army.

So far, Liu Xiu's army's northern expedition has been carried out very smoothly, they quickly captured the capital of Zhongshan Lunu (now Dingzhou, Hebei Province), and all the way to recruit the people, raise and run for their lives, and soon gathered an army of tens of thousands of people, becoming a good horse to compete in the world, and the real spirit of the Son of Heaven is rising in Hebei.

At the same time, Pi Tong also led the department to defeat the Bai Hao Liumin Army in Zhongshan, and made great contributions.

But when he arrived here, Liu Xiu could no longer fight headlong to the north, because in the southwest of Zhongshan there was a Zhending country (now Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province), and its Zhending king Liu Yang had more than 100,000 soldiers attached to Wang Lang, which played a pivotal role in influencing the situation in Hebei. After some careful consideration, Liu Xiu decided to take political measures to win over this important member of the Liu Han clan, so as not to let the two tigers fight for their lives, and let Na Wang Lang sit and reap the benefits of the fisherman.

It just so happened that Liu Xiu also had a disciple of the Hebei clan and Liu Zhi, a general of the Xiaocai, under Liu Xiu's account, so send him to talk about it, everyone was originally a family. Liu Yang is the seventh grandson of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (Liu Shun, King of Changshan Xian), and Liu Xiu is the sixth grandson of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (Liu Fa, King of Changsha), and he can't write two Lius in one stroke!

Liu Yang also knew that it would not be beneficial to him to be with Liu Xiuhuo, but he was worried that Liu Xiu would turn around and annex his army after uniting him to defeat Wang Lang, so in order to ensure that he was safe, Liu Yang put forward a condition - he was originally Liu Xiu's nephew according to the rank of the Han family, but now he wanted to be Liu Xiu's uncle, so he said to Liu Zhi: "The alliance is okay, but marriage is still needed." Although we are a family, it is better to be close to each other. This king has a niece named Shengtong of the Guo family, who is good and thrifty, has the virtue of motherhood, and is willing to marry Da Sima to serve a broom. Then thou shalt go back and explain that if the marriage is made, the alliance will be strong, how about it? ”

It turned out that Liu Yang had a younger sister who was married to Guo Chang (Note 2), a county gong Cao, who had been surnamed Gaocheng (now Shijiazhuang, Hebei) for generations, and had a wealthy family. It's a pity that Guo Chang died early, the children were young, Liu Yang's sister took a pair of children to her brother, Liu Yang treated the two nephews as if they were his own, especially the niece Guo Shengtong, who was seventeen years old, dignified and beautiful, knowledgeable, and very favored by Liu Yang, so he also wanted to take this opportunity to find a good family for this Guo Xiaomei.

Liu Zhi was overjoyed when he heard this, thinking that the lord was really lucky, the alliance had an army of 100,000, and he also gave a beautiful woman, this kind of good thing is ** to find! With such a good story, it seems that I am a matchmaker, and the history books will remember me again (Note 3).

So Liu Zhi returned to the army in a hurry, and as soon as he told him about the situation, Liu Xiu's heart suddenly sank.

Another political marriage! Yin Lihua's time, although Liu Xiu was pleased, she was still sorry for the eldest brother whose bones were not cold. And now for the sake of the great cause of the Han Dynasty, he has to be sorry for Yin Lihua again, this world is really cruel, family affection can't be the master by himself, and love and marriage are the same.

But Liu Zhi really didn't understand what Liu Xiu was hesitating. The princes hire nine daughters, and the doctor has one wife and two concubines, this is a very normal thing, and now you add Guo Shengtong and two, how much? Not much either.

The generals next to him also looked at Liu Xiu with a wicked smile, and said in their hearts that Liu Xiu is a big man, what is the strength! The cave house can get 100,000 male soldiers as allies at once, how many military disasters will be spared, why not do it? If we want to be willing to cave eighty times, it's much easier and safer to gallop in bed than to fight on the battlefield, isn't it?

Liu Xiu thought that Guo Shengtong was behind the powerful King Zhending, and she would definitely be a wife. Wouldn't this be a "stop wife and remarry"? Isn't it a big shame to be sorry for your yin Lihua?

However, Liu Xiu finally married Guo Shengtong as his wife. Liu Yang has 100,000 soldiers; The Guo family is also the richest man in Hebei, with hundreds of millions of gold in history and more than 400 servants. Therefore, Liu Xiu's marriage with the Guo family meant that he further combined with the royal forces and local powerful forces in Hebei, and these local forces were the solid foundation for him to finally defeat Wang Lang and even unify the world.

Shi Eun is regarded as the ruling Jinwu, and marrying a wife is Yin Lihua, which was Liu Xiu's ideal when he was young.

More than ten years have passed, and Liu Xiu's official position has long surpassed that of Zhi Jinwu, but his wife can only be replaced by another woman, no way, no way to ......

The so-called "expensive and easy to make friends, rich and easy to wife", there are three happy events in life, promotion, wealth, and wife. But Liu Xiu was not happy at all, his new uncle Liu Yang was very happy, happy to personally build at the wedding to cheer everyone up, Liu Xiu then indulged in a joyful singing, dancing and gentle township, drunk eyes only to see the bride in his arms Guo's shy face and Yin Lihua is seven points similar, a strong sense of guilt can't help but rise in Liu Xiu's heart, stirring, spreading, until he swallows him ......

Alas, the world has a full range of laws, and it lives up to it?

At the same time, what is Shinno's sister thinking about when she is frightened, thinking about her husband and waiting for her husband obsessively?

Yin Lihua is everyone's best girl, and her identity is destined to have no other men in her world except Liu Xiu and her family, which is the unique single-mindedness of ancient women compared to modern women's love. So after a long period of longing, morning and twilight, the love of the yin sister will only get stronger and stronger, and it will become more and more difficult to gain and lose.

When youth returns, the day urges, the ancient road is westerly, and the old road is gone in the twilight; When I woke up from the dream, I suddenly doubted that the king arrived, but it was a glass lamp, the long night was not young, the autumn wind blew, and the fall became a grave, and I was surprised that the lovesickness was not revealed; However, the road to heaven is far away, the world is far away, and the vicissitudes of the sea are gazing; The heart is empty for eternity, and the mind is alone.

I'm used to thinking about you, but I'm afraid to see you again, because I'm afraid that when I see you again, you're no longer the same you.

Three years later, Liu Xiu ascended the throne as emperor and moved the capital to Luoyang, so he sent someone to pick up Yin Lihua from Nanyang, as well as his younger sister Liu Boji and other family members. This broken and scattered family was finally reunited.

From Liu Xiu going to Hebei to return to Yin Lihua, to picking her up in Luoyang, the capital of Dingdu, it was exactly three years, which is exactly "self-seeing, in the past three years." Hide it in the center, forget it one day. (Note 4).

When Liu Xiu and Yin Lihua reunited, he and Guo Shengtong already had a son, and it would be unreasonable to say that he had no relationship with Guo Shengtong. In the past three years, Guo Shengtong has been by Liu Xiu's side, grinding his ears and temples, falling in love with each other for a long time, relying on each other, and loving each other, even when she was pregnant with Liujia, she also fought with Liu Xiu everywhere, and Liu Xiu's eldest son fell to the ground on the way to the battle.

So Liu Xiu is very conflicted. It stands to reason that Guo has made great contributions to Liu Xiu's career or family. First of all, the mother is precious to the son, and Guo Dang is the middle palace; Secondly, only Guo Shengtong can stabilize the hearts of the heroes in Hebei. But according to the situation, the Yin family is Liu Xiu's first love and original match, and he has been waiting for Liu Xiu in his hometown for three years. Therefore, Liu Xiu was very entangled, and finally planned to establish Yin Lihua as the queen. But Yin Lihua never agreed, and repeatedly shirked (this is very similar to the virtuous couple in terms of personality), because she knew that for the emperor, reason was more important than emotion, so she had to take the initiative to back down taking into account the overall situation, so as not to make Liu Xiu embarrassed. And Yin Lihua always believes in Liu Xiu, the man she has been fanciing since she was ten years old, and she will not let herself down in the end.

Behind a successful man, there is always a virtuous helper who is silently dedicated; Yin Lihua is reasonable and willing to sacrifice, how can Liu Xiu not feel guilty and grateful for this? He understood that he owed Yin Lihua all his life, so after the strength of the Nanyang system in the central government exceeded the strength of the Hebei system (Note 5), he abolished Guo and established Yin, and finally repaid this emotional debt. Liu Xiu and Yin Lihua have always treated Guo Shengtong's mother and son and Guo's relatives (the Hebei family is still strong), making them the best-treated queens, princes and relatives in Chinese history, and the matter still ends happily (Note 6). In addition, the concept of marriage in ancient China is very different from that of today's era, so please do not use vicious words such as "little three" and "second wife" to refer to Yin and Guo. Colored glasses, full of oily mouth, self-righteous, extremely unkind.

In 57 A.D., Liu Xiu died, and the imperial court decided to call "Guangwu", and in 64 A.D., Yin Lihua also died, and the imperial court decided to call "Guanglie", and the two were buried in the original mausoleum. This is also the first queen title in Chinese history, which shows the good popularity of Yin Lihua.

Another ten years later, in the seventeenth year of Emperor Yongping of the Han Ming Dynasty (74 AD), Liu Xiu and Yin Lihua's son, Liu Zhuang of the Han Ming Emperor, went to the original tomb to worship and returned, and dreamed of his parents at night.

In the first month of the seventeenth year, when the original mausoleum was visited, the first emperor and the queen mother dreamed at night, and they were so sad that they couldn't sleep

When he woke up, he couldn't sleep anymore with grief. Liu Zhuang is 47 years old this year, only a year after his death, but in his dreams, he is still a delicate child, happy under his parents' knees. Parents are still as loving and happy as when they were alive, and a sentence is like a happy life.

So, the next morning, Liu Zhuang led the civil and military officials to the mausoleum, a light rain came unexpectedly, Liu Zhuang ordered the hundred officials to collect all the rain on the mausoleum tree and bring it back, which was the tears left by God for Liu Xiu and Yin Lihua moved. For three days after that, Liu Zhuang sat on the royal bed every night, looking at the relics in his mother's mirror box before her death, moved and grieved, and the pain was unbearable, so he ordered people to keep these items with fat equipment and take them away, so as not to see things and think about people. When the attendants on the left and right saw this scene, they couldn't cry silently, and they couldn't look up.

Tomorrow Day, then led hundreds of officials and old guests to the mausoleum. On the same day, the nectar fell on the mausoleum tree, and the emperor ordered the hundred officials to take the recommendation. At the end of the meeting, the emperor bowed down to the bed in front of the table, looked at the queen mother's mirror, moved and saddened, and made Yi Zhize equipped. Weeping left and right, can't look up. - Book of the Later Han DynastyThe Queen's Chronicle

An old emperor who is nearly half a hundred years old still cries like a child in the face of his mother's relics, and there are such warm and emotional corners in the history books, which is embarrassing.

Note 1: From the perspective of Geng Chun's control over his clan, the Qin and Western Han Dynasty had decayed and been replaced by a system of suzerain, patriarchal self-government, which did not obey orders from above and inherited the folk customs.

Note 2: The county Gongcao is the "main election agency meritorious" in the county, which is not only responsible for selecting talents, but also evaluating the performance of county officials, which is an official position that the county's wealthy families compete to cling to. The marriage between Liu Yang, the king of Zhending, and Guo Chang, the county gong, shows the clear evidence that the political and business tycoons controlled the place in the late Western Han Dynasty.

Note 3: Liu Zhi died in Mi County, Hebei Province two years later, and was the first of the 28 generals of Yuntai to die.

Note 4: From the "Book of Songs, Fengfeng, Dongshan" quoted in Liu Xiu's edict after the abolition of Guohou, it expresses that his wife has a difficult life at home and waits for her husband to return.

Note 5: Liu Yang, Wan Xuan, Geng Chun, Ren Guang, Gai Yan, Jing Dan, Kou Xun, Liu Zhi, Pi Tong, Peng Chong and other leaders of the Hebei Hao clan have all passed away at this time.

Note 6: After the abolition of Liu Yi, the crown prince born to Guo Shengtong, he was renamed the king of the East China Sea, and he was given 29 counties of Yiyi, and was given a tiger warrior to enjoy the honor guard of the Son of Heaven. And the Guo family is also highly respected, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty still visited the door many times after ascending the throne, just like treating his own uncle's house, and many times rewarded money and silk, rich Mobi, Jingshi called his home as the "Golden Cave".