1.1.Knowledge representation and knowledge reasoning.
1.2.Logic.
1.3.Machine learning.
1.4.Natural language processing.
1.5.Search.
1.6.Planning.
1.7.Mechanics.
1.8.Ethics.
2.1. gofai
2.1.1.good old-fashioned artificial intelligence.
2.2.Hollywood's version of artificial intelligence.
2.2.1.Most of the things that people dream of using technology are inspired by images from movies, TV shows, and books.
2.2.2.This artificial intelligence is capable of controlling the robot butler, theoretically gaining consciousness and eventually controlling**, and may also become a real-life version of the Terminator Arnold Schwarzenegger.
2.3.In the computer science community, people have abandoned the research of generalized artificial intelligence as early as the 90s of the 20th century.
2.4.Generalized AI is what we want, what we expect, and what we imagine, it's a dream.
3.1.What we really have, it's reality.
3.2.It's pure mathematics.
3.3.It's not as exciting as gofai, but it's amazingly efficient, and we can do a lot of interesting things with it.
3.4.Machine learning is a popular form of artificial intelligence, it is not gofai
3.4.1.Machine learning is narrow artificial intelligence.
4.1.Computational Journalism.
4.1.1. computational jour nalism
4.2.Algorithmic accountability reporting.
4.2.1. algorithmic accountability reporting
4.3.A discipline that mines stories in data and uses data to tell stories.
4.4.Many people say things over and over about the bright future of technology, only to see that the digital world replicates the inequalities of the real world.
4.5.The way people talk about digital technology is not in sync with what digital technology can actually do.
4.6.The new and uncharted territory of cyberspace is what we use to make the world a better place.
4.7.The Internet has become the new public domain.
4.7.1.In September 1991, Tim Berners-Lee founded the world's first ** at the Particle Physics Laboratory at CERN.
4.7.2.There is more online harassment than ever before.
5.1.The old form of journalism that hears about a case, writes a sensational report, and calls for social attention will soon become obsolete.
5.2.Journalists work by holding those who "have the power to decide" accountable for their decisions.
5.3.Data Journalist.
5.3.1.A very new type of journalist.
5.3.2.A data journalist's job isn't to interview "big data scientists" all day
5.3.3.It's the story that digs directly from the data yourself.
5.4.Broussard.
5.4.1.Author of this book.
5.4.2.Brussard is a man who "discovers the truth with data".
5.4.3.Brussard, a data journalist, is most concerned with holding accountable the "algorithms" that are already replacing humans in making decisions.
5.4.4.People put too much faith in algorithms.
5.4.5.Algorithms are all written by people, and people make mistakes, and algorithms make mistakes.
5.4.6.Actually, the computer hasn't changed anything.
5.4.6.1.Society is still this society, and computers have not solved our social problems.
5.4.7.Be skeptical of the claim that technology will save the world.
5.4.8.Technology is only the right answer if it solves a specific problem.
6.1.Everything you do with a computer is math at the end of the day.
6.1.1.There are basic limits to how you can use both math and science to do things.
6.1.2.There are some basic limitations to what you can do and what you should do with technology.
6.1.3.It's time to make better, more thoughtful decisions about when and why to use technology.
6.2.To understand the boundaries of technology is to understand the achievements of human beings and the frontier of human forks.
6.2.1.That front edge is more like a cliff, and if you take a step further, it will be very dangerous.
6.3.Some algorithms will increasingly be used to make decisions for people.
6.4.Sometimes, you need to write ** to see if these algorithms are appropriate.
6.5.Keep an eye on poor technology or missing data, and be alerted at any time.
6.6.Sometimes even if there is a problem with the machine, we will think that it is our own problem, and we will not think that it is the problem of the thousands of lines in those computer programs.
6.7.If there is a problem, it is usually a problem with the machine.
6.7.1.It could be that the machine is too poorly designed or not rigorously tested.
6.7.2.Inexpensive hardware was used.
6.7.3.Machines have a deep misunderstanding of how the system is used by the actual user.
6.8.The collective passion for applying computer technology to all aspects of life has given rise to a plethora of shoddy technologies.
6.8.1.No one double-checks and makes sure all the contact information in each agency's directory is accurate, so getting in touch with people is harder than ever.
6.9.When you only have a hammer, everything looks like nails.
6.9.1.The computer is the hammer in our hands, it's time to stop.
6.9.2.Don't go blindfolded and head headlong into the digital future.
6.10.We can learn how to deal with the downstream effects of technology so that we don't make inadvertent mistakes in complex social systems.
6.11.Be bold and say "no" to technology that isn't necessary so we can live better, be more connected, and more truly enjoy the benefits that technology brings us.
7.1. technochauvinism
7.2.Digital technologies have been a very common part of the scientific and political world since the 50s of the 20th century, and entered people's daily lives in the 80s.
7.3.Think that technology is the solution to all problems.
7.3.1.Technology is the answer to everything.
7.4.It is believed that computers can distill all problems into mathematical problems and are therefore more "objective" or "unbiased" than humans
7.5.Technochauvinists often have other similar ideas in their heads.
7.5.1.Ann Rand's elitism.
7.5.2.Technological libertarian political philosophy.
7.6.Praise freedom of speech while turning a blind eye to the problem of online harassment.
7.7.It is believed that if humans use computers more and use them properly, social problems will disappear and a digital utopia will be created.
7.7.1.This is not the case. There has never been a new technology that has been able to dissuade us from the fundamental problems associated with human nature, and it is unlikely to arise in the future.
7.8.Smart and well-meaning people become technochauvinists when they turn a blind eye to the pitfalls of using computers for decision-making, or fanatically support the use of computers to do everything, including things that are not suitable for computers.
8.1.If there is too much good news, it is easy to give rise to unrealistic hopes.
8.2.If unrealistic hopes are too strong, they can easily become myths.
8.3.It is foreseeable that there will not be any AI-induced job losses in the near future.
8.4.Many jobs that were thought to be replaced by artificial intelligence can't be replaced at all.
8.4.1.We may be underestimating human intelligence.
8.5.The general public not only underestimates human intelligence, but also overestimates artificial intelligence.
8.5.1.The robots in "Westworld" are completely different from the kind of artificial intelligence that high-tech companies are developing right now.
8.5.2.Life 30" The assumptions about the future of artificial intelligence seen in the book are all just pure theoretical assumptions of physicists.
8.6.People rely too much on computer algorithms, which in turn brings a series of social problems.
8.7.Now the real artificial intelligence should actually be called "artificial intelligence".
8.8.If we want to solve complex social problems by computing technology alone, then the "artificial intelligence" we rely on is not intelligent at all.
8.8.1.The computer doesn't care about itself or what you can do.
8.8.2.It does its best to execute the instruction and then waits for the next instruction.
8.8.3.It has no consciousness and no soul.
February** Dynamic Incentive Program