**Examination models mainly include: pregnant woman examination model, breast examination model, breast self-examination model, fundus examination evaluation model, cervical change and birth canal relationship model, pregnant woman examination model, **examination model, etc.
Among them, the breast examination model shows the breast morphology of the female breast in a realistic way, which can be used for the teaching and training of breast examination, and the breast examination model embeds various common breast tumors in each part of the model for teaching and training. Breast physical examination is mainly through inspection and palpation to check the shape of the breast, the condition of the breast ** surface, the condition of the nipple areola, breast lump, nipple discharge and other conditions.
Breast examination model, the specific steps of the examination are as follows:
1. The breast examination should first observe the development of the mammary gland. whether the two breasts are symmetrical in size, whether they are similar to each other, whether the nipples on both sides are at the same level, whether there are retracted and sunken nipples; Whether there is erosion of the nipple areola, what is the color of the breast, whether there is edema and cellulite, whether there is redness and swelling and other inflammation, whether the superficial veins in the breast area are distended, etc.;
2. When touching the correct breast examination, the palms should be stretched out and the four fingers together, using the most sensitive index finger, as well as the middle finger and ring finger to the abdomen, and gently press the outer upper, outer, inner, inner and upper areas of the breast in order, and finally the nipple and areola area in the middle of the breast. It should not be pinched during the examination, otherwise the mammary tissue will be mistaken for a lump;
3. The examinee should sit in a sitting position for the examination, and touch the area under the nipple with the fingers together. When the woman is seated, it is easy to check the lymph nodes above and below the clavicle and under the armpit. When the patient sits with his hands on his head and claps his hands to contract the pectoral muscles, there will be nipple inversion** The shape of the concave structure is abnormal, which are all clues to deep cancer in the breast;
4. Take the supine position, which can be palpated for a wide area of the breast. Put a pillow under the ipsilateral breast, and raise the ipsilateral hand over the head so that the breast is evenly spread on the chest wall, so that the fingers can easily touch the depths. Palpation should be done on the palmar surface of the index, middle and ring fingers rather than the fingertips, in a circular manner from the nipple outward to the outside, especially when the mammary gland extends to the armpit.
The manifestations of breast lesions and the names of lesions are:
1. Hard texture and unsmooth surface can be regarded as malignant tumors;
2. The texture is relatively soft and the surface is smooth, which can be regarded as a benign tumor;
3. Lymph nodes with light and hard texture;
4. Strip-shaped lobular hyperplasia.
Methods of Breast Examination Using the Advanced Examination Model:
1. The upper body is completely exposed, and the comparison is observed whether the breasts are symmetrical, whether the size has changed, whether there is swelling, bulging or sinking, whether the color has changed, whether there is ulceration, and whether the breasts on both sides are on the same level.
2. During the examination, the fingers are together, the fingers are touched with the abdomen, and the different strengths of light, medium and heavy are selected for palpation, remember not to pinch and grasp the breast with the hand, generally check the right breast with the left hand, check the left breast with the right hand, and check the axillary lymph nodes with the hand at a flat angle, do not lift the armpit tissue or armpit**, find an abnormality, and should seek medical attention in time.