How important is a procurement plan?
Borrowing the point of view of Liu Baohong, an expert in chain management:Even a plan with 60% accuracy is better than no plan at all.
This is because the procurement plan plays a very important role in the procurement operation of the enterprise, you know, do a good job in the annual procurement plan, not only to achieve centralized procurement, comprehensive planning, rational allocation of resources, optimize the use of funds, standardize enterprise management, but also to reduce emergency procurement, avoid the best risks, reduce losses.
Today, let's take a look at what to expect when making a procurement plan. 
Procurement plans should not be prepared in a general manner and should be prepared with feasibility in mind. Generally speaking, according to the length of time, the procurement plan can be divided into four categories: annual procurement plan, monthly procurement plan, daily procurement plan, and daily business demand plan.
Annual Procurement Plan:According to the company's annual business plan, on the basis of full analysis and collection of market information and demand information, and based on the comparison of historical data in previous years** to formulate the plan;
Monthly Purchasing Plan:On the basis of the decomposition of the annual procurement plan, the procurement plan of the current month is formulated according to the actual procurement situation of the previous month, the inventory situation, the next monthly demand, and the market;
Daily Purchasing Plan:On the basis of the decomposition of the monthly procurement plan, the procurement plan is formulated after the summary review of the items required for the daily operation of each department; Daily Business Needs Planning:According to the daily business situation, the daily consumption of goods, the inventory situation, the daily procurement demand plan submitted by each department to the purchasing department;
It is recommended that everyone make a big one firstAnnual Procurement Plan:, and then break it down, and arrange the things to be done every day, monthly, and quarterly.
The preparation of the procurement plan must also be based on a basis and must not be made up in a vacuum. Under normal circumstances, when formulating a procurement plan, the annual marketing and business plan, the annual production plan, the list of materials, the inventory situation, the company's capital situation and other relevant factors should be considered, in addition, priority should be given to emergency materials, so as not to affect the company's normal production and operation.
1. Annual sales plan
Unless there is a shortage of supply in the market, the annual business plan of the enterprise is more than thatSales Planas a starting point.
Purchasing planners need to grasp the market sales estimated by the marketing department according to business objectives, customer order intentions, market sales and other information, and estimate the future sales marketThe type, quantity, and time of the purchased item
2. Annual production plan
In general, production planning is derived from sales planning.
If the sales plan is too optimistic, the output will be turned into inventory, causing the financial burden of the enterprise; On the contrary, an overly conservative sales plan will make the output insufficient to meet the needs of customers and lose the opportunity to create profits. Therefore, due to the improper estimation of the market demand by the sales staff, the production plan is changed day and night, and the procurement plan and budget must be adjusted and revised frequently, so that the supply and demand of materials are in a state of imbalance for a long time.
3. The material needs of various departments
The procurement planner should summarize the material requirements and requisition documents of each department. In addition, the procurement plan should be referencedProcurement budgetand companies[Capital turnover].In this case, too much or too little planned purchase volume will affect the company's bottom line.
4. Procurement history data
Sort out the procurement data of previous years, such as material costs, pricing contracts, cost compensation contracts, unit price contracts, etc. When compiling the procurement budget, it is not easy to purchase materials in the future, so it is more soStandard costSubstitute.
However, if the standard cost is set without the basis of past procurement information, and there is no engineer to rigorously and accurately calculate the combination of raw materials, labor and manufacturing costs, or the total cost of production, its accuracy will be reduced.
Therefore, the difference between the standard cost and the actual purchase** is the evaluation index of the accuracy of the procurement budget.
5. Expectations
When preparing the budget for the purchase amount, it is often added to the rise and fall of materials, market prosperity, etc., and even listed it as a factor in adjusting the budget.
A good procurement plan can answer the following questions: what to purchase, how much to purchase, when to purchase, where to purchase, how to purchase, with what kind of procurement, etc., therefore, a qualified procurement plan should include:Purchased Item Elements:Such as the required materialName, category, quality standard, quantity, specification and modeland other elements.
Determine the quantity and specifications of purchased items according to the production plan and demand**; According to factors such as market, business, and cost analysis, determine the purchase of goods.
Procurement method:Determine the procurement method, such as bidding, competitive negotiation, direct procurement, etc.;
**Quotient Selection:According to the ** quotientQualification, quality, serviceand other factors to choose the right quotient.
Quantity purchased:Each purchase will have specific goals, and each category and each brand will have different SKUs;
Procurement Time and Cycle:There are two main points to be clarified, to be sure[**Period].and concrete[**Time].
*The cycle is how often each category and **merchant replenish the goods, and the **time is specific to the number of days of each month**.
Budgeting and disbursement of funds:For example, the unit price of materials, the total amount, the payment time, the payment method, etc., according to the terms of the contract and the company's financial situation, determine the payment method and payment cycle, which is conducive to the financial department to prepare funds in advance and pay the purchase money in time.
Delivery date and place of delivery:The arrival date and location are also very important, not only to ensure the timely delivery of goods, but also to coordinate the inventory space in advance.
In addition, the purpose of the material and how it will be stored must be clearly stated in the plan. Otherwise, when the materials are purchased, they don't know what they are for, and they don't know what kind of inventory environment to provide to store the materials. Quality Requirements:Put forward clear requirements for the quality of purchased items, including quality standards, acceptance methods, etc.
Terms of Contract:According to the procurement method and the choice of the first business, determine the terms of the contract, including the contract amount, liability for breach of contract, dispute resolution method, etc. Other additional conditions:According to the actual situation, determine other additional conditions, such as prepayment, warranty period, etc.
There are generally 4 steps in the procurement plan: 1. Classify materials 2. Determine the purchase quantity of various materials 3. Prepare the procurement plan 4. Track and adjust during the implementation of the plan
1. Classify the purchased materials
First of all, the materials to be purchased are classified according to their own importance and demand fluctuations. For example, if the demand is large and the consumption is fast, it is necessary to go in and out quickly to prevent unsalable, and to control the minimum and maximum inventory.
If it is easy to be affected by time and seasonality, it is necessary to estimate the sales volume in advance; In addition, seasonal commodities have a temporal nature, and it is necessary to grasp the procurement time, and the procurement cycle of conventional commodities can be long or short according to the needs of enterprises and the amount of single purchases.
2. Determine the purchase quantity of various materials
Production plans, bills of materials or material requirements plans, as well as stock control cards, are the main basis for determining the quantities purchased.
First of all, estimate the number of sales in the next ** cycle, generally speaking, there is no activity, the same as the regular number of sales, medium activities, is the usual 15 times, 3 times the usual for large-scale events.
Secondly, according to the estimated quantity, the minimum and highest [inventory] are assumed to estimate the total demand;
That is: planned ** quantity = minimum maximum total demand - ending inventory.
Finally, according to the requirements of the **quotient, make up the number of pieces or integers:
Maximum purchase quantity = sales estimate + maximum inventory limit - ending inventory; Minimum purchase quantity = sales estimate + minimum inventory limit - ending inventory; 3. Develop a procurement plan
Generally speaking, a purchase plan is broken down from a production plan, which starts with a sales plan, and a sales plan that starts with demand. Therefore, the purchase plan is inextricably linked with the sales plan and demand.
No matter what kind of organizational structure and rules and regulations an enterprise has, the underlying logic of planning is always the same main line, namely:From demand to sales plan to production plan and finally to purchase plan, the forms and methods based on the underlying logic are formulated according to the industry and enterprise attributes.
First of all, according to the sales plan and production plan, confirm the detailed procurement elements;
Secondly, according to the elements of the procurement plan, make a procurement budget and estimate the procurement cycle; Thirdly, solicit the opinions of relevant departments on procurement elements and procurement budgets; Finally, the final draft will be submitted to the leader for approval, and confirm whether it is consistent with the company's overall plan, if there is no problem, the leader can sign and approve the procurement department to implement the plan. Generally speaking, some enterprises with standardized management have standardized **, and only need to fill in the relevant information;
If the enterprise does not have relevant **, it needs to be made according to the actual situation, such as:
4. During the implementation of the plan, track and adjust
During and after the procurement plan is carried out, the procurement department has to follow up. If the procurement process is due to insufficient quantity procurement, incorrect material specifications and models, etc., the procurement plan should be corrected in a timely manner and the relevant departments should be notified; If problems are found after the procurement is completed, they can be remedied in time to provide reference for the preparation of procurement plans in the future.
1. The procurement plan shallAvoid being overly optimistic or conservative. 2. The possibility of achieving the company's annual goals should be considered in the process of preparing the procurement plan. 3. AnalysisSales plan, production planfeasibility and predictability. 4. Pay attention to the certainty of material demand planning, material list and inventory status. 5. Consider safeguardsBalance between production and inventory reduction. 6. Pay attention to the possible changes in material procurement and market supply and demand. 7. After the completion of the annual procurement plan, it is necessary to review and modify it to ensure the rationality and feasibility of the plan, and at the same time to communicate and coordinate with relevant departments, such as:Finance department, production departmentWait. 8. In addition, the effect of the procurement plan depends on the degree of attention of the enterprise, such as whether a comprehensive process system has been formed and whether it has been carried outMonitoring and evaluation。Procurement planning may seem like a simple job, but it's actually an easy one.
It is easy to place an order, but it is difficult to place an accurate order, and procurement needs to find a balance between inventory and sales, and find the optimal procurement plan model between stock, inflow and outflow.
A good procurement plan can do more with less, and a poor procurement plan can also make us physically and mentally exhausted. Therefore, it is the top priority of our procurement work to do a good job of procurement planning in advance and solve problems with other departments.
Finally, the enterprise procurement culture is as vast as a sea of smoke, and the Spending Treasure team will continue to pay attention to the needs of enterprise digital and intelligent procurement management, continue to innovate, and form a practical and landable management template and tools by combining strong technology and team procurement experience and practice, so as to provide enterprises with more professional know-how solutions, empower enterprise procurement management, and help enterprises quickly establish advantageous barriers and continue to move forward in an uncertain market environment!