Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the common chronic complications of diabetes, and its pathogenesis is complex and involves multiple factors. The following is a detailed description of the **, pathology, ** and preventive measures of diabetic nephropathy:
* and pathology: genetic factors: The occurrence of diabetic nephropathy is related to genetic factors, especially the presence of a significant genetic predisposition in type 1 diabetes.
Long-term hyperglycemia: Long-term hyperglycemia is one of the main causes of diabetic nephropathy. Hyperglycemia can lead to an increase in glomerular filtration rate and increased glomerular basement membrane permeability, leading to proteinuria and nephropathy.
Hemodynamic abnormalities: hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with diabetes, including hyperperfusion, hyperfiltration, can lead to renal damage.
Metabolic abnormalities: Metabolic abnormalities in diabetic patients, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, etc., can also promote kidney damage.
*: Blood sugar control: Controlling blood sugar within the normal range by controlling diet, increasing exercise and medications** can delay the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Control blood pressure: Hypertension is one of the important risk factors for diabetic nephropathy, and controlling blood pressure can reduce the excretion of protein in the urine and delay the deterioration of kidney function. Commonly used antihypertensive drugs include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARBs), etc.
Diet: Diet is one of the foundations of diabetic nephropathy, including limiting protein intake, controlling salt intake, etc.
Dialysis**: Dialysis** is required when kidney disease progresses to the end stage, including hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Preventive measures: Controlling blood sugar: Keeping blood sugar within the normal range can prevent the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy.
Blood pressure control: Regular monitoring of blood pressure to detect and control high blood pressure early can prevent or delay the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Healthy diet: Maintaining a low-salt, low-fat, low-sugar, and high-fiber diet can prevent diabetes and its complications.
Increase exercise: Proper exercise can promote metabolism, control weight, enhance the body's immunity, and prevent the occurrence of diabetes and its complications.
Regular check-ups: Diabetic patients should have regular renal function tests for early detection and ** kidney lesions.