Type II diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the most common type of diabetes, affecting 628% of the population.
Over the decades, a variety of ** and drugs have been developed to control T2D, but they are far from long-term solutions. Stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are a promising new method of regeneration** with very versatile regenerative and paracrine capabilities and properties. This makes them ideal candidates for the most commonly used** diabetic cells.
Stem cells are a very novel and promising approach that can be used to ameliorate a wide range of chronic diseases, including type II diabetes. Type II diabetes is a metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion, leading to high blood sugar and other health problems. Stem cells can help diabetes by replacing or repairing damaged tissue, and have shown potential in research.
Mesenchymal stem cells reduce the dose of insulin used in diabetic patients
On March 14, 2023, a new review on the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells** type II diabetes mellitus was published. Current clinical trials utilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)** advanced T2DM were studied and the safety and efficacy of these methods were evaluated.
The results of the study found that during the 12-month follow-up period, patients with mesenchymal stem cells** reduced the dose analysis of antidiabetic drugs. ** After that, HBA1 levels were reduced by an average of 32% and fasting blood glucose levels were reduced by an average of 45%. C-peptide levels were reduced by an average of 38% in two trials and increased by 36% in four trials. No serious adverse events were identified in any of the trials. The study concluded that MSC is safe and effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
This review was conducted using data from PubMed and ClinicalTrialsThe Gov collected a total of 70 trials and screened 58 clinical studies, with only six studies (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) being included. Among them, there are 4 clinical studies in China.
Clinical trial: MSC-based T2DM**.
Effect on glycosylated hemoglobin levels
HBA1 levels are a common and effective indicator of long-term (2 to 3 months) average glucose levels. It provides a better understanding of long-term glycemic control compared to blood glucose and urine glucose measurements. HBAC1 levels can be used as a valid indicator of success or failure. ** All trials observed a significant reduction in HBA1 levels over a three-month follow-up period.
Effect on insulin resistance
Insulin dependence can be reduced by up to 12 months after MSCS injection**. FBG (fasting blood glucose) was reduced to 39 to 5Normal range of 5 g mmol. Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), Cellular Function HOMA-, and Insulin Sensitivity HOMA-S (HOMA) measured insulin levels in participants before and after the study; In one of the six studies, no significant reduction in insulin resistance was found. The remaining five studies did not report measures of insulin resistance. In all studies, insulin resistance was indicated by the amount of insulin required after **.
Insulin requirements before and after MSC**.
The trials demonstrated different follow-up times.
Effect on C-peptide levels
The fasting C-peptide, obtained after 8-12 hours of fasting in the patient, is a valid indicator of the insulin produced in the body. In three trials, T2, T3, and T5, C-peptide levels measured by HOMA- were higher than 2 ng mmol. A decrease in C-peptide levels indicates that islet cell function is effective, as C-peptide levels tend to increase in type 2 diabetes.
C-peptide levels after bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation.
Future outlook
Stem cells have great potential for the future of type II diabetes. With the continuous advancement of technology and research, we can expect stem cells to become a safer, more effective and more feasible method in the future, and hope that in the near future, it will truly enter the clinic and become a new means to improve the quality of life and reduce the pain of diabetic patients.