The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were a chaotic period after the Tang Dynasty. From the fall of the Tang Dynasty to the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the last dynasty of secession and the establishment of a unified dynasty was officially ended. Among them, the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms can be viewed as two parts, the Five Dynasties refer to the five dynasties located in the Central Plains, from 907 to 960; The Ten Kingdoms were secessionist regimes that existed outside the Central Plains, and there were actually more than ten in number, but in history, only the representative ones were called together, called the Ten Kingdoms, and the time was from 902 to 979. Now let's look at how this separatist regime was established.
Nanwu
Yang Xingmi of Southern Wu was originally the Huainan Jiedu envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and was later named the king of Wu, and after Yang Xingmi died, his son Yang Wu succeeded to the throne as the king of Wu. However, Yang Wu was incompetent, and the general Xu Wen launched a mutiny and re-established Yang Wu's younger brother Yang Longyan on the throne. Because the government has always been in the hands of the Xu family, Yang Longyan died of depression and was succeeded by his brother Yang Pu. Yang Pu was officially proclaimed emperor in 927 and established the Southern Wu regime. Until 10 years later, he gave way to Xu Wen's adopted son Xu Zhihe, and Southern Wu perished, and it existed for a total of thirty-six years.
Southern Tang
The Southern Tang Dynasty was established by Xu Zhihe on the basis of Southern Wu. In 939, Xu Zhihe said that he was a descendant of the Tang Dynasty, restored the original surname Li, changed his name to Li Yu, and changed the country name to Tang, known as the Southern Tang Dynasty in history. Li Yu adopted a policy of resting with the people and making peace with his neighbors, and the Southern Tang Dynasty became the most powerful regime among the Ten Kingdoms. After Li Yu died, his son Li Jing inherited the throne and actively used troops abroad, which consumed a lot of national strength. Later, one of the five dynasties, Hou Zhou sent troops to the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Li Jing was defeated, not only ceding the land and paying compensation, but even removing the emperor's name, and could only be called the lord of Jiangnan. Later, Li Yu succeeded to the throne, Li Yu was a famous lyricist in my country, but he was not a good leader, and was finally destroyed by Zhao Kuangyin, the monarch of the Northern Song Dynasty, ending the 39-year reign of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
Former Shu
Qianshu was established by Wang Jian, the envoy of the Tang Dynasty. In 907, after Zhu Wen destroyed the Tang Dynasty, Wang Jian founded the country in Chengdu, which is known as "Qianshu" in history. During Wang Jian's reign, he recuperated and worked hard to develop Qianshu into a powerful country. But after his death, his son Wang Yan was mediocre and had no way to govern the country. In 925 AD, the former Shu was destroyed by the Later Tang Dynasty, and it existed for a total of twenty-three years in history.
Hou Shu
After the Later Tang Dynasty destroyed the former Shu, the Later Tang general Meng Zhixiang was named the envoy of the Shu Prefecture because of his meritorious service, and then established himself as the king and established the "Later Shu". After Meng Zhixiang's death, his son Meng Chang succeeded to the throne, and Meng Chang was greedy for pleasure in the later part of his reign and ignored the government, resulting in the decline of national power. In 965 AD, the Northern Song Dynasty sent troops to defeat Houshu, Meng Chang surrendered, and Houshu perished, which existed for 33 years.
Southern Han
The founder of the Southern Han Dynasty was Liu Yin, the envoy of the Qinghai Festival of the Tang Dynasty, and later his younger brother Liu Yan was proclaimed emperor in 917, and the founding name was Han, known as the Southern Han Dynasty in history. During Liu Yan's reign, he vigorously developed the economy, which made the Southern Han Dynasty increasingly powerful. But since Liu Yan's death, the monarchs who succeeded to the throne of the Southern Han were all mediocre and cruel, and the Southern Han Dynasty was declining day by day in their hands. In 971 AD, the Northern Song Dynasty sent troops to end the rule of the Southern Han Dynasty. The Southern Han Dynasty existed for fifty-five years.
Nan Chu
Southern Chu is a regime established with Hunan as the center, the founder of Southern Chu Ma Yin was originally the envoy of the Wu'an Army of the Tang Dynasty, after the fall of the Tang Dynasty, Ma Yin called himself a minister to the outside world, saying that he had no heart to fight, and was named the king of Chu by Zhu Wen. Later, Ma Yin founded the country in Changsha and focused on developing his own power. After Ma Yin's death, Southern Chu fell into civil strife because of the struggle for the throne. In 951 AD, the Southern Tang Dynasty sent troops to capture Changsha, and the Southern Chu perished, which existed for a total of forty-five years.
Wu Yue
The founder of Wu Yue, Qian Biao, was the envoy of Zhendong and Zhenhai of the Tang Dynasty. After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, he was named the king of Wu Yue by Zhu Wen, and began the regime of Wu Yue, which was successively attached to the existence of five generations. In 978 AD, Qian Hongyu, the king of Wuyue, took the initiative to surrender to the Northern Song Dynasty, announcing the destruction of Wuyue and building the country for 72 years, making it the longest-standing regime among the ten kingdoms.
Min State
Wang Shenzhi, the founder of the Fujian State, and his brother Wang Chao were active in Fuzhou during the reign of Zhaozong of the Tang Dynasty, and later Wang Chao was awarded the envoy of the mighty army and took charge of Fuzhou. After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Zhenzhi was named the king of Min by Zhu Wen. After Wang Zhenzhi's death, his son Wang Yanjun staged a mutiny to inherit the throne of Min and proclaimed himself emperor in 933. In 945 AD, the Southern Tang Dynasty took advantage of the civil strife in Fujian to launch an attack, and after the capture of Fuzhou, the Fujian State perished, and existed for a total of 37 years.
Jingnan Nanping
Gao Jixing, the founder of Jingnan, was originally a subordinate of Zhu Wen, and in 907 Zhu Wen was proclaimed emperor and was named the envoy of Jingnan Jiedu. After the fall of Later Liang, Gao Jixing declared himself a vassal to the Later Tang Dynasty and was named the king of Nanping. Because Jingnan is a small place and the national strength is weak, no matter who the ** regime is replaced, several generations of Nanping kings have bowed down to it. In 963 AD, Gao Jichong, the king of Nanping, took the initiative to surrender to the Northern Song Dynasty because he was afraid of the national strength of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Jingnan perished, which existed for a total of 40 years.
Northern Han
Except for the Northern Han Dynasty, the remaining nine of the Ten Kingdoms were founded in the South. Liu Chong, the founding monarch of the Northern Han Dynasty, was the younger brother of Liu Zhiyuan, the ancestor of the Later Han Dynasty, and after the Later Han Dynasty was destroyed, Liu Chong proclaimed himself emperor in Taiyuan and established the Northern Han Dynasty. The Northern Han was the weakest of the Ten Kingdoms, so the monarchs of the Northern Han Dynasty were always attached to the Liao State. Later, the Northern Song Dynasty attacked the Northern Han twice, and in 979 AD, Liu Jiyuan, the lord of the Northern Han Dynasty, surrendered, and the Northern Han Dynasty perished, and existed for 29 years.
Most of the regimes in the Ten Kingdoms were transformed by the Tang Dynasty and alternated during that chaotic period. Although the five dynasties and ten states of power existed for a very short time, they also promoted the progress of ideology and culture in that era.
Taking people as a reference, you can know the gains and losses; Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall.