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Title: Kidney stones: The "crazy stones" that should not be ignored
1. Kidney stones, a common urinary system disease, may seem insignificant, but in fact they may pose a serious threat to health. In this article, we will use rigorous and scientific language to delve into the causes, harms, prevention and methods of kidney stones to help you better understand this disease.
2. Causes of kidney stones.
Nephrolithiasis are mineral crystals that form within the kidneys. These crystals can be composed of a variety of substances such as calcium, oxalic acid, uric acid, etc. There are various causes of kidney stones, including genetics, dietary habits, living environment, metabolic abnormalities, etc.
1.Genetic factors: Studies have shown that kidney stones run in families.
2.Dietary habits: Dietary habits such as high protein, high salt, high sugar, high oxalic acid may lead to the formation of kidney stones.
3.Living environment: Climate, water quality, occupation and other factors may affect the incidence of kidney stones.
4.Metabolic abnormalities: Metabolic diseases such as hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia may lead to the formation of kidney stones.
3. The harm of kidney stones.
Although kidney stones are small in size, they can cause serious damage to the kidneys and surrounding tissues, and the specific hazards are as follows:
1.Pain: Kidney stones can cause severe pain in the lower back or abdomen, severely affecting quality of life.
2.Infection: Kidney stones can cause urinary tract infections and, in severe cases, sepsis.
3.Kidney damage: Kidney stones can lead to kidney tissue damage and even kidney failure.
4.Hematuria: kidney stones may cause urinary tract bleeding, which manifests as hematuria.
4. Prevention of kidney stones.
To prevent kidney stones, we should start from lifestyle habits, dietary adjustments, etc
1.Increase water intake: Drinking plenty of water and keeping your urine output above 2,000 ml per day can help prevent kidney stones.
2.Adjust your diet: Reduce the intake of foods high in salt, sugar, and oxalic acid, and consume calcium-rich foods in moderation.
3.Maintain a healthy weight: Excessive obesity can lead to the formation of kidney stones, so maintain a healthy weight.
4.Regular physical examination: Through regular physical examination, diseases that may lead to kidney stones are detected in time.
5. ** of kidney stones.
Methods for kidney stones include medications, surgery, and non-surgery.
1.Drug**: Mainly used for diameters less than 06 cm stones, which are promoted by drugs to pass the stones.
2.Surgery**: For stones with large diameters, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, ureteroscopic stone removal, etc.
3.Non-surgical**: such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, water wave lithotripsy, etc.
VI. Conclusion. Kidney stones, although common, should not be overlooked. Understanding the causes, harms, prevention and methods of kidney stones can help us better protect our kidney health.
References: 1 wessells h, et al. urology. 2010; 76(1): 12-17.
2. taylor en, et al. n engl j med. 2004; 350(2): 137-142.
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