Judging from the whole map, the territory of the Ming Dynasty has been almost in its heyday, Nuergan, Usizang, and Guanxi Zhuwei have surrendered, and the military force has been sent to surrender, and its southern boundary has reached Hue, Da Nang, Vietnam, that is, the 16th degree north latitude; The reason why it is said to be close is because a few years later, the Ming Dynasty placed the prefecture and county at the junction of today's Vietnam in the broad sense and Binh Dinh, near 14 north latitude5°。The Old Port Propaganda Division, which was set up on Sumatra Island in the fifth year of the early Yongle period, was not counted.
However, from the perspective of the northern boundary, compared with the 31st year of Hongwu, there is a certain shrinkage, or in other words, it should be called water. Because Yongle coerced dozens of guards from Beiping and the North Parallel Capital Division to the south during the Jingjing disaster, the four-year tug-of-war not only caused a large number of uninhabited areas in Hebei and Shandong, but also brought the Ming Dynasty to be unable to transfer more than 100,000 cantonments to the back of the mountain (according to: that is, north of Yanshan), so it could only place the original northern parallel capital Zhuwei in the vicinity of Shuntianfu and Yongping Mansion, and it was still insufficient, and it was moved to Shanxi Province and Zhuwei moved here.
It can be seen that at this time, the northern defense focus of the Ming Dynasty completely fell to Shuntianfu (Beiping), which is the same as Zhu Yuanzhang formulated during the Hongwu period, "from the east to the west to Ningxia, Hexi, Chahannaoer, Dongsheng to the east to Datong, Xuanfu, Kaiping, southeast to Daning, and east to Liaodong, to the Yalu River, north to the desert, and from Yanmen Pass, west to the Yellow River, cross the river to Chahan Naoer, and east to Bauhinia Pass, and east to Juyong Pass and Gubeikou, and east to Shanhaiwei, where the military and civilians farm the land, do not indulge in animal husbandry. Its barren land and mountain field, listen to the king's horses grazing and picking, east and west back and forth camps, because of the time to train troops to prevent criminals. "The defense policy on the northern side is almost completely contrary.
If you carefully read the several places mentioned in Zhu Yuanzhang's remarks in the above paragraph, they are connected into a line and are two lines of defense. According to the old man's stupid and foolish opinion, the Yalu River - Liaodong - Daning - Kaiping - Xuanfu - Datong - Dongsheng - Chahan Naoer - Ningxia - Hexi line is the outer line of the Ming Dynasty, and the first line of Chahan Naoer - Yanmen Pass - Bauhinia Pass - Juyong Pass - Gubeikou - Shanhaiguan is the inner line of the Ming Dynasty; Defending against the enemy outside the outer line, between the inner and outer lines is a military buffer zone, and within the inner line are ordinary states and counties. Between the inside and outside, Zhu Yuanzhang set aside a buffer zone 500 miles wide, all over the guards, and threw nearly half of his sons to this area in case of safety.
However, Zhu Di's one-pass operation almost shattered the defenses of the two Xingdu Divisions of the North Parallel and Shanxi Lines, plus the twenty-two Shangzhi guards of the Shuntian Mansion in the north (the remaining four were added by Xuanzong), the forty-eight guards in Beijing (twelve of which were later changed to Lingwei) belonging to the five prefectures, and the six guards that were not directly subordinate to the government, plus the eight guards transferred to the vicinity of Beiping by the Shanxi Xingdu Division, and removed the ten guards stationed in Beiping during the Hongwu period, that is to say, Zhu Di suddenly added sixty guards near Beiping, on paper, In the army alone, the pressure of Cao Yun in the Yongle period was seven times that of the Hongwu period.
1. Zhili area.
At this time, the North Zhili is about the same as the scope of the Beiping Buzheng Division in the Hongwu period, compared with later, the Xuanfu place still belongs to the Shanxi Xingdu Division, although the North Parallel Capital Division moved to Baoding, Kaiping Wutun Wei abolished four internal relocation one, but Kaiping Wei still sticks to the back of the mountain, which is also the only stronghold of the Ming Dynasty behind the mountain, lonely hanging, and finally in the Xuande years because of the pressure can not withstand the pressure, moved to Dushikou.
It can be seen from the distribution of the guards that during this period, the two mansions of Shuntian and Yongping have become large military camps, and the same is true of Baoding, Dingzhou, and Hejian Mansions. However, south of Zhending, there were no guards, which shows that the center of gravity of Beizhi's defense was concentrated in the north.
2. Nanzhili area.
The concentrated health stations in the Nanzhili area are distributed in three areas, one is Nanjing Yingtianfu, where the capital is located, the second is Fengyang Mansion, where the central capital is located, and the third is Susong coast. Moreover, Nanzhi has a distinctive feature: no state capital has more than two guards. It can be seen that the focus of Nanzhi's border defense is on Susong and the coastal defense near the mouth of the Yangtze River.
3. Shandong region.
Shandong's defense focus is on the coast, and the coastal area of Shandong is also the only area in Jiangbei that needs to be defended against the sea, and what is more interesting is that the Shandong provincial city is not a military center, after all, Shandong Dezhou is more important.
4. Liaodong region.
Three key points in Liaodong: Liaoyang, Guangning, and Kaiyuan. According to Hongwu's conjecture, these three places were stationed in King Shen (Shenyang), King Liao, and King Han, and Kaiyuan is the most special, because it is not only for border defense, but also has the role of appeasement, so there are also two states in Kaiyuan: Anle Prefecture and Zizai Prefecture. These two states who are very happy when they hear their names are just to appease the Jurchens outside the original border.
5. Shanxi region.
Shanxi's defense can be roughly said to be a point and a line. The point is Taiyuan Mansion, and the line is along the edge of Datong. Taiyuan has not changed, and Datong this change is much more serious, the west of the Dongsheng two guards, Yunchuan Wei, Yulin Wei, Zhenshuo Wei, the east of the Gaoshan Wei, Zhenyu Wei, Xuanfu left and right Wei are all moved to the vicinity of Shuntianfu, as a result, Datong along the border of the nineteen guards left eleven, less than half, it is obvious that this is not conducive to the border defense, but also the loss of the early Ming Dynasty combat effectiveness is still very fierce, but Xuande years really can not be used, had to move back some.
Sixth, Shaanxi region.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Shaanxi's defense was three points and one line, three points, Xi'an, Ningxia, Lanxian (that is, Lanzhou), one line, Hexi Corridor, and the first line of the Hexi Corridor was centered on Ganzhou, and Lanxian was the bridgehead. There is a very interesting place here, and the governor of Guyuan, who later controlled the three sides, was still a small county town with a small name - Kaesong County. Here is an interesting question, which was asked to me by Professor Li Xinfeng at the beginning: Is the governor of Shaanxi and the three sides the governor of Shaanxi, or the governor of the "three sides of Shaanxi"?
7. Henan region.
Henan is the absolute hinterland area, neither need to defend the sea, nor prepare the border, is the number of health stations is scarce, and evenly distributed, scattered in the prefectures, the capital. However, Henan is a large province of Zongfan, at this time Henan has Kaifeng Zhou Wang, Nanyang Tang Wang, Luoyang Yi Wang, Zhangde Zhao Wang (not on the domain) four, and the concentration of the king's guards, Henan has Kaifeng, Zhangde two guard concentration areas.
8. Zhejiang region.
Zhejiang, like Shandong, is the focus of sea defense, with Fujian in the south and Nanzhi in the north. Zhejiang's 4,000-mile sea frontier is lined up with nine guards and 30 institutes from south to north, which can be called the Great Wall of Haijiang.
9. Fujian.
Fujian's defense is two points and one line. The two points, namely Fuzhou and Jianning, are the stations of the Fujian Capital Division and the Fujian Xingdu Division respectively; The first line is the coastal line. Zhejiang and Fujian were invaded by the Japanese in the early Ming Dynasty, so coastal defense is particularly important, and Fujian's 7,000-mile coast, from south to north, discharged 11 guards and 13 stations to connect Zhejiang and Guangdong, together form the southeast coastal defense system.
Another interesting digression is that the Fuzhou Mansion in the early Ming Dynasty was the same as the Suzhou Mansion in the Qing Dynasty, with one government governing three counties.
10. Guangdong.
The distribution of health centers in Guangdong can be said to be one point and one link. point, that is, Guangzhou Siwei; line, seven guards and twenty-two on the coast of ten thousand miles from Chaozhou to Qinzhou; Ring, one guard and seven institutes along the coast of Hainan Island. On closer inspection, the purposes of these three are really different. Needless to say, the four guards of Guangzhou, the military center of the province; The coastal line is part of coastal defense; Interestingly, the seven guards in Qiongzhou Mansion are not purely for the purpose of defending the sea, but also have the role of defending the Li people on the island.
I really want to say before that compared with the Tang, Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties, the administrative division of the Ming Dynasty has a significant feature that it omits the attached state of the state, such as Puyang County in Beiping Province into Kaizhou, and Juancheng County in Shandong Province into Puzhou. However, this feature was not applicable in the Qiongzhou Mansion in the early Ming Dynasty. As shown in the figure below, the three prefectures of Dan, Wan and Ya under the jurisdiction of the Qiongzhou Prefecture all have Guo County, and they were not incorporated into the state until the fourth year of orthodoxy. This point, I personally think it is related to the special historical factors of Qiongzhou Mansion, Qiongzhou Mansion has not always been the state capital dominated by the Han people, Qiongzhou Mansion of the Ming Dynasty, Danzhou, Wanzhou, Yazhou, in the Yuan Dynasty were called Qianning Pacification Division, Nanning Army, Wan'an Army, Jiyang Army, Song Dynasty called Qiongzhou, Changhua Army, Wan'an Army, Zhuya Army, from the name can be seen, there is a certain Tusi power here, this point, from the Ming Dynasty Qiongshan County, Thanksgiving County, Danzhou once had Tuzhi County, Tuzhi Prefecture can also be seen.
Ten. 1. Jiangxi region.
The local towns in Jiangxi are mainly based on thousands of households, and there are only five guards, including the guards of Jiujiangwei and King Ning, which are directly subordinate to the former government, which shows that the pressure of local towns in Jiangxi in the early Ming Dynasty is not large, which also lays the groundwork for the long-term turmoil in the southern Jiangxi region later.
Ten. 2. Guangxi region.
Guangxi is roughly divided into two pieces of Han and soil, the east is the state and county area, the health offices are all over, the west is the Tusi area, and there are one or two health stations between them, but soon after because they could not do it, they had to move eastward to resettle.
Ten. 3. Huguang area.
Because the Guizhou political department has not yet been established at this time, so the later Guizhou area is divided into Huguang and Sichuan, which is not shown in the picture, but the Wukaiwei in the lower left corner, enlarged as follows:
In this area, the health office and the Tusi coexist, and administratively, the health office is subordinate to the Huguang Metropolitan Division, and the chief official is subordinate to the Guizhou Wei under the rule of the Guizhou Metropolitan Division in the Sichuan region. The distribution of Huguangwei is relatively chaotic, but it is not unorganized, and it can be said that there are two points, two blocks, one line, and one group. two points, Wuchang Mansion and Jingzhou Mansion; Two pieces, one is Daozhou, Guiyang Prefecture and Chenzhou bordering Guangdong, Guangxi, and Jiangxi Nanling area, and the other is the Han-soil mixed area bordering Shizhou and Yongshun in the west of Lizhou; The first line is the famous passage into Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty, that is, from Hu Guangchen, Yuan, through Pingxi, Qinglang, Zhenyuan, Biqiao, Xinglong Wuwei, access to Guizhou Dusi, this line is purely Zhu Yuanzhang to ensure the military corridor set up by the passage into Yunnan, another day there is time to roll out a detailed talk; The first regiment, that is, the Wukaiwei region, is today's Qiandongnan Prefecture.
Ten. Fourth, Sichuan region.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Sichuan included most of the later Guizhou, that is, the capital of Guizhou. If you have to generalize, you can say that the city is a little and a third line. One point is the center, the absolute center of Sichuan is Chengdu, as today, gathered Chengdu five guards, Chengdu three guards, Ningchuan Wei, the most ruthless provincial capital in the country. The third line is the three post roads into Yunnan, which is extremely important.
The first is the Xiangqian official road that connects Huguang Qinglang - the first line of the partial bridge, from Xinglongwei into Sichuan, Qingpingwei, Pingyue, Xintian, Longli, Guizhou, Weiqing, Pingba, Puding, Anzhuang, Guansuoling, Annan, Pu'an, Pingyi Zhuwei line lined up, in today's Fuyuan County into Yunnan.
The second is to connect the Yangtze River waterway, from Luzhou to the south, Yongning, Pushi, Mani, Chishuiwei, Aluomi, Bijiewei, Qixingguan, Wusawei, can cross the river to connect Yunnan Zhanyizhou Ruotangyi, into Yunnan.
The third is to go southwest of Chengdu, through Yazhou, Dadu River, Yuewang, Ningfan, Lizhou, Jianchang, Dachonghe, Dechang, Miyi, Huichuan, and connect with Jiangyi in Wuding Mansion and enter Yunnan.
These three post roads are full of guards, and you can spread them out another day if you have time.
Ten. 5. Yunnan region.
The guards in Yunnan are centered on Yunnan Province, and the distribution is along the post road. Earlier, it was said that Sichuan entered Yunnan three roads, the Hunan and Guizhou official roads from Guizhou and the Sichuan-Yunnan official roads from Luzhou, converged into one in Zhanyizhou, Qujing, Malong, Mumi, Songming, and Yanglin entered Yunnan Mansion, and then one went south to Lin'an Mansion, which was the big road into Jiaolu, and a road that went west to Qujing, Dali, Yongping, Jinya, and Tengchong, and was the big road that connected Luchuan and Burma. The guards of the Ming Dynasty were concentrated on this post road.
Ten. 6. Jiaolu area.
After the Ming Dynasty took Jiaoluan, it set up three divisions and set up a guard post accordingly, but the war that lasted for more than 20 years made the guard post in Jiaolu very unconventional. However, it can barely be seen that it is centered on Jiaozhou Mansion and focuses on ensuring the post road from Zhennanguan to Jiaozhou.