In modern military history, the status of the Whampoa Military Academy is pivotal and widely recognized.
Founded in the spring of 1924, the Whampoa Military Academy gradually emerged after the baptism of two Eastern Crusades. However, in the course of the Northern Expedition against Sun Chuanfang, Wu Peifu and Zhang Zuolin, the performance of the Whampoa Student Army was not ideal, and compared with the "Steel Seventh Army" and the "Iron Fourth Army", it seemed to be slightly immature.
After all, the "Seventh Iron Army" is the unit that started with the Gui system, while the "Iron Fourth Army" is the Guangdong Army carefully transformed and led by our party, and the forward of opening the road is the "Ye Ting Independent Regiment", the first armed force independently controlled by our army.
This also seems to imply that in order to build a strong army, in addition to the necessary historical and traditional accumulation, strong political work is needed to clarify the goals and direction of the army, such as the Ye Ting Independent Regiment, the birthplace of our army.
During the Northern Expedition, the Huangpu system was still in the growth period and had not yet formed a strong combat effectiveness.
The Whampoa Student Army was tempered and polished during the Agrarian Revolution, and despite Jiang Wang's betrayal, which led to a decade-long battle between the north and the south, the young Zhuang officers of the Whampoa faction became stronger and stronger in the melee.
In this war, the Chiang clan relied on the core forces of the Whampoa and civil engineering departments to defeat Feng Yuxiang of the Northwest Army and Zhang Zuolin of the Northeast, and the rest was annexed; Yan Xishan is in a province of Shanxi; Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi of the Gui clan nominally became Chiang's subordinates.
After pacifying the various forces, the Chiang clan and the Huangpu faction turned their attention to the Red Army, and the Huangpu faction served as the vanguard in many operations to "encircle and suppress" the Red Army base areas, and also lost many famous Huangpu generals, including Jiang Xianyun and Wang Erzhuo.
Although the Red Army was in a weak position, they were able to soar in the fierce battle with the Red Army with their backs to the big tree of President Chiang, and Wang Yaowu, Hu Zongnan, Huang Jie and others all rose step by step in the battle of "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army.
In the flames of the Anti-Japanese War, the Whampoa Department bravely resisted the enemy and wrote a chapter that can be sung and cried. At the beginning of 1933 in Gubeikou, the three division commanders of the first phase of Huangpu, Huang Jie, Guan Linzheng, and Liu Huan, stepped forward to jointly resist foreign enemies.
After the outbreak of the all-out Anti-Japanese War, Tang Enbo of the first phase of Huangpu fought bravely in Nankou and was widely reported by the famous journalist Fan Changjiang in Ta Kung Pao. In the Battle of Songhu and the Battle of Yanghang, although Hu Zongnan and the 34th Group Army suffered heavy losses, they insisted on fighting to the death, and even exposed themselves many times under the strafing of enemy planes, showing incomparable bravery and determination.
In the Battle of Nanjing, the brigade commanders of the Huangpu Department who died were Yi Anhua, Zhu Chi, Gao Zhisong and others, and the regiment commanders were Han Xianyuan, Li Changling, Xie Chengrui and others, and their heroic deeds were admirable.
In the Battle of Xinkou, senior generals such as Wei Lihuang, Li Mo'an, Peng Jieru, Liu Huan, Chen Tie and Li Xianzhou of the Huangpu Department also played an important role. In the Battle of Xuzhou and the Battle of Xiangxi, more than 20 commanders at the division level, including Zheng Dongguo, Li Yannian, Li Yutang, Li Xianzhou, Luo Qi, Huang Jie, Gui Yongqing, and Wang Yaowu, played a key role in the Battle of Xuzhou and Xiangxi, and their heroic spirit and noble qualities were touched and admired.
In short, the performance of the Whampoa system in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is the pride and glory of our nation.
The brave and fearless Whampoa generals (the first from the left is Wang Yaowu) during the Anti-Japanese War, but in the War of Liberation, the Whampoa department seems to have lost their combat effectiveness. On the Northwest Battlefield, Liu Huan was killed by President Peng, and Hu Zongnan did not gain anything; In the Central Plains and Southwest Battlefields, Zhao Xitian, Huang Wei, and Liao Yaoxiang became the prisoners of ***; On the battlefield in East China, Li Xianzhou, who was defeated by Su Yu, was captured, Li Mo'an retired, Dai Zhiqi and Huang Baitao committed suicide, Qiu Qingquan was killed, and Du Yuming was captured.
As for the northeast and south-central battlefields where the proud son of Huangpu Lin Zong is located, there are countless Whampoa factions that have encountered Waterloo: Zheng Dongguo, Fan Hanjie, Zheng Tingji, and Liao Yaoxiang were captured alive, Pan Yukun, Liu Yuzhang, Xiang Fengwu, and Que Hanqian fled in all directions, and Chen Mingren, the only one who caused trouble to Mr. Lin, also rebelled in Changsha.
Fan Hanjie, Liao Yaoxiang and other famous generals in the first phase of Huangpu were all defeated by Han Xianchu; Lieutenant General Commander Song Xilian, who attempted to flee to the Golden Triangle, was also captured on the banks of the Dadu River, while our army was in hot pursuit with only 800 men led by a regiment commander.
Hu Lian, who had escaped many times in the siege of Su Yu, was "as cunning as a fox and as fierce as a tiger", although he caused losses to Su Yu in Kinmen, he could not turn the tide of the battle.
In general, the Whampoa department, which was once heroic during the Anti-Japanese War, appeared mediocre and incompetent in the War of Liberation.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the performance of the Huangpu fierce general Du Yuming was eye-catching, but in the War of Liberation, why did he go into decline? Why did the once glorious Huangpu "protégé of the Son of Heaven" change from a tiger to a sick cat in the tide of the People's War?
First of all, Chiang Kai-shek's policy of "settling the outside world before securing the interior" was no longer applicable to the period of the agrarian revolution, and even during the first domestic revolution, such propaganda could confuse some people, but after the experience of resisting foreign aggression in the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Whampoa generals, like the general public, were extremely dissatisfied with tearing up the peace agreement and launching a war.
Secondly, the background of the professional class does not mean that it must have more advantages than the "mud legs" in actual combat. The chairman is a vivid example, he has never entered a military academy, but in terms of military strategy, he is able to crush all the Huangpu department, Baoding department, Yunnan Jiangwutang department, Japanese Army University department, and so on.
The greatest advantage of our army is to study war in the course of war, and the Red University, the Kang University, and the military academies after the founding of the People's Republic of China all follow this principle. In the end, the gap between the commanders of the two armies determined the final outcome of the Whampoa system.
Chiang Kai-shek's employment is divided into factions, regions, relatives, and township parties; On the surface, it is a ball of harmony, but in fact, it is intrigue and stumbling everywhere; Chiang Kai-shek's employment seems to be generous, but in fact it is harsh, and there is no room for the slightest chance of making mistakes.
On the contrary, the chairman is able to embrace all rivers, use people's strengths, speak broadly, and be eclectic. To sum up, the decline of Du Yuming in the Liberation War and the decline of the "protégé of the Son of Heaven" in Huangpu was, in the final analysis, due to the changes in policy, the lack of actual combat experience, and the gap in commanders.
**Enlightenment of the liberation of Chongqing: Those who win the hearts of the people win the world, and water can carry the boat and capsize the boat. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Whampoa Department was supported by the whole country because of its just war.
However, in the unpopular civil war, they were opposed not only by the broad masses of the people, but also by the great powers that had always supported Chiang, such as the United States and the Soviet Union, who were not in favor of tearing up the peace agreement.
In this context, the people's disagreement has become the key to determining the fate of the Huangpu system. For example, in the seven victories of the Soviet-Chinese war, our army was 30,000 against the enemy's 120,000, but there were 140,000 migrant workers in front of the support.
In the Battle of Jinan, our army had 140,000 siege troops and 180,000 reinforcements, but 500,000 former migrant workers. In the Huaihai Campaign, our army of 600,000 faced 800,000 enemies, but the number of migrant workers in front of the branch reached 5.4 million, and even a pot of hot dumplings and pork stewed vermicelli could recruit a company.
These facts tell us that winning the support of the people is the key to victory, and conversely, losing the hearts and minds of the people may lead to defeat. Whether it is war or any other field, we cannot ignore the power of the people's will.
Although the morale of the Huangpu Department was high, during the Anti-Japanese War, they were faced with the vast rural areas where the walls were clear and the people were cold. No matter how good their tactics are and how strong their fighting spirit is, they may face a situation where they cannot be used.