The year 1860 was a year full of important historical events that had a significant impact on the world situation and international relations at that time.
1860 is an important year in Chinese history, with the following events taking place:
Second Opium War:From 1856 to 1860, China fought the Second Opium War with Western powers such as Britain and France. In 1860, the Anglo-French forces captured Beijing and ended the war with the signing of the Treaty of Beijing in September. The treaty resulted in more territorial cedes, reparations, and privileges for foreign missions in China.
The Old Summer Palace was burned down:After the Anglo-French forces occupied Beijing, they plundered the Old Summer Palace and set fire to the royal garden, causing huge cultural losses.
The political situation in the Qing Dynasty was turbulent:The Opium War and the occupation of Beijing exacerbated the political turmoil of the Qing Dynasty, increased dissatisfaction with the Qing Dynasty, and also accelerated the decline of the Qing dynasty.
These events have had a profound impact on China's politics, culture, and international status.
North and South of the United States**:In November 1860, Abraham Lincoln won the U.S. ** election, which angered the Southern states, who believed that Lincoln represented Northern interests, leading to the secession of the Southern states, which eventually led to the Civil War.
Italian unity:In the second half of the 19th century, Italy underwent a series of political and military changes, culminating in the creation of the Kingdom of Veneto, which represented the unification of Italy in 1860. This was achieved through the Treaty of Giorgesse and the southern conquest of Garibaldi.
Floods and famines:The year 1860 represented a severe year of floods and famines in many areas, which caused severe destruction and humanitarian crises in some areas.
The conflict between England and France:The struggle for power between Britain and France on the African side also led to some conflicts in 1860.
Eastern Crisis:Britain, France, and Russia, in the struggle for spheres of influence in Asia, triggered a series of diplomatic tensions, known as the "Eastern Crisis".