Compared with macromolecular proteins, small molecule active peptides with lower molecular weight are easier to be absorbed and digested by the human body. Small molecule peptides are used as a means of transporting nutrients in the human body, adsorbing various nutrients required by the human body on the body, and then transporting them to various cells, organs, and tissues of the human body, where they are absorbed by the human body together with the body, and have the dual responsibilities of carrying tools and materials [1].
Small molecule active peptides can be divided into animal-derived bioactive peptides and plant-derived bioactive peptides, and nutrients rich in these small-molecule active peptides have certain benefits for the body.
Plant-derived bioactive peptides.
Plant peptides are made of:Soybeans, peanuts, corn, wheat, and other plantsThe advantages of biologically active small molecule peptides prepared from raw materials include:It is safer, more nutritious and more versatile。The raw materials of plant peptides are closely related to human life, and they are usually produced as industrial by-products of oil extraction and sugar refining to avoid environmental pollution and waste of resources.
Preparation method: The preparation methods of plant peptides mainly include:Acid hydrolysis, chemical method, enzymatic hydrolysis method, biological fermentation method, recombinant DNA technology synthesisWait.
Enzymatic hydrolysisThe process is simple and the cost is low, but it is rarely used because the amino acids are seriously damaged and the hydrolysis is difficult to control.
Chemical method: It can be made into any required active peptide, but the high cost, side reactants and residual compounds and many other factors restrict the development of chemical methods.
DNA recombinant technology: This technology is still in the laboratory research stage for the production of active peptides.
Enzymatic hydrolysis and biological fermentation: High safety, mild production conditions, can be positioned to produce specific peptides, low cost, has become the most important method of peptide production.
Physiological function. Promotes the synthesis and absorption of proteins and amino acids
Peptides are composed of amino acids with a small molecular weight, and small peptides can be absorbed intact in animalsIt can directly participate in the synthesis of proteins, and also promote the transport of amino acids or peptides, which improves the utilization of protein by animals; Small peptides also aid in the absorption and functioning of amino acids.
Promotes the absorption and utilization of nutrients
In the process of preparing peptides from plant proteins by enzymatic method or fermentation, soluble low-molecular substances can be removed, thusReduced the content of anti-nutritional factors such as phytic acid, oxalic acid, tannins and polyphenols。At the same time,The peptide molecule can form an integrated with the ions of minerals such as Ca, Zn, Cu, Mg, Fe and so on to ensure its soluble state, which is conducive to the absorption of the body.
Growth-promoting effect
Plant peptides, especially small peptides, are directly absorbed in the digestive tract of animalsParticipate in the physiological and metabolic activities of the body, thereby improving its production performance and promoting animal growth。Chu Hanping (2011) showed that the addition of plant small peptides to the diet could enhance the growth and immune performance of New Zealand rabbits from weaning to 2 months of age, and the addition amount was 006% is advisable. Li Shaozhang (2004) showed that plant peptides made from plant protein through biological fermentation and special processing can be used as a protein nutrient source for early weaned piglets, which can maintain a good growth rate and health level of weaned pigs [2].
Small molecule soy peptides.
Soybean active peptide is a peptide mixture obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis or microbial fermentation method using soybean substances as raw materials. It is usually composed of 2-9 amino acids and has an average molecular weight of less than 1000 da. Soybean peptide can not only be used as the first nitrogen in the diet, but also has a variety of functional activities, such as antioxidant, anti-fatigue, hypolipidemic and immune regulation and other physiological functions
Soybean peptide can improve the cardiac function and hemodynamics of exhausted exercise rats, and down-regulate the gene expression level in myocardial tissue of exhausted exercise rats by improving the pathological changes of myocardial tissue of exhausted exercise rats, so as to exert its exertionHeart-protecting efficacy。Liu et al. also confirmed the ** effect of soybean peptides on liver disease, found:Soybean oligopeptides can inhibit liver cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis
As an easily digestible and fast-absorbing protein nutrient source, soybean peptide has broad application potential and huge market value in a society where the aging population will reach more than 30% in China.
References: 1] Zhang Chuanhao, Guo Jiefu, Li Haitao, Zheng Zhanchao, Zhou Yan, Zhan Jiarong. Research progress and application of small molecule peptides[J].Chemical agent. 2015(8):701-710.
2] Lu Hao, Ying Chaoyang, Zheng Bin, Lin Zhongning, Yang Youquan. Research progress on physiological functions of plant peptides and their application in feed[J].2015(12):30-32,34.
3] Wang Nali, Meng Qingjie, Ma Zhijian. Preparation method of soybean peptide and its application in animal husbandry[J].Chinese pig industry. 2023(2):51-54.
4] Liu Xinqi. Xia Shaoqi. Relaxation. Research progress on biological activity and processing characteristics of soybean protein and soybean peptides[J].Journal of Food Science and Technology,2020,38(3):1-10
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