Tea and wine cultureIn the history of our country, it has always been a state of prosperity, including the literati's drinking and tea tasting, which has become a unique hobby.
Speaking of which, we admire cultural people, people can drink culture when they drink tea, and they can drink elegance when they drink wine, which is really amazing.
Let's talk about this tea, what to taste tea, talk about teaThe Book of TeaSince ancient times, I don't know how much, our Ming culture people are more proficient in the study of tea, specializing in the tasting of tea.
The wine, on the other hand, is divided into high and low, and there is a difference between the elixir and the village roast.
But anyway,Tea and wine are both "drinks"., for laypeople like us who have no money and no leisure, isn't it just a drink.
Drinking tea is not a cow drink, what is particular is the word "taste".
To talk about tea tasting, first of all, you have to be rich, secondly, you have to have leisure, and of course, you have to be educated.
Lu Yu can make "The Book of Tea"., just because he occupies all three of these three, otherwise he would be busy with his livelihood all day long, running around, and he can't read half a basket of big characters, how can he taste the world's famous tea, taste the taste, and write the "Book of Tea", which is respected as the "Tea Saint" by later generations?
There are a lot of rich cultural people in our Ming Dynasty, such as Gao Lian, who we mentioned many times before, has tasted tea, and Mr. Yuan Hongdao, Yuan Zhonglang, has also tasted tea.
Let's tell you what the famous tea is in their eyes and minds.
Gao Lian is in his"Zunsheng Eight Notes".The book is devoted to tea, talking about picking, collecting, and sencha, and also talking about testing tea, tea effects, and even talking about tea drinking and storing utensils and various kinds of water for cooking tea, which can be described as exhaustive.
Let's talk about his "On Tea" first.
He begins by saying:"The production of tea in the world is many, if there are Mengding stone flowers in Jiannan, Guzhu purple bamboo shoots in Huzhou, Bijian Mingyue in Xiazhou, and Huojing Si'an in Qiongzhou, the number of them are all famous.
The first grade, the stone flower is the top, the purple bamboo shoots are second, and the second is the blue stream and the bright moon. ”
Look, he mentioned four famous teas at once, all of which are still famous in modern times, you must know something.
And he also ranked themMengding Shihua is the first, Gu Zhu Zizhu is the second, Bijian Mingyue is the third, and Huojing Si'an is the fourth
Yuan Zhonglang Yuan Hongdao did not mention these four kinds of tea, he tasted the other kind.
Look what he says
"Shi 篑 (kuì) asked which is better between Longjing tea and Tianchi.The rest is also good for Longjing, but the water vapor is not exhausted if there is less tea, and the astringency is exhausted when there is more tea.
About Longjingtou tea is fragrant, still as grass gas, Tianchi as bean gas, Tiger Hill as flower gas, only Ji (jiè) is not a flower or wood, a little like gold and stone gas, and if there is no gas, so it is precious.The tea leaves are coarse, and the real ones are more than 2,000 yuan per catty, and they only have to count two for several years.
Recently, the Hui people have sent pineapple tea, the taste is above the dragon well, under the Tianchi. ”
Mr. Gao Lian not only mentioned Kaicha, Tiger Hill, Tianchi and Longjing, but he also mentioned itLu'an tea in Luzhou
About these kinds of tea, he said:
If the Tiger Hill mountain tea is near, it can also be called strange, but it is not a lot, if the Tianchi tea, the fine buds are harvested before the valley rain, and the one who fries the law is verdant and fragrant, and the smell also quenches the thirst. If it is really tea, its price is very heavy, twice the Tianchi, it is a pity that it is rare, and it must be harvested by itself. ”
Gao Lian didn't specifically rank these kinds of teas, he just roughly said his personal feelings, it seems that he thinksTianchi is not as good as Longjing, and he pays a lot of attention to roasted tea.
According to him, if the Tianchi tea that Gu Yu received before the rain is fried well, it can quench his thirst when he smells it, which is really magical.
He also said that Lu'an tea was originally good, but because it was not fried, it "did not enter the stream".
He also admires the tea, but thinks it is too expensive, and it is best to send someone to pick it himself.
But it's a pity he didn't mention itPineapple tea, I don't know what he thinks.
Cultural people drink tea, the most particular thing is the artistic conception and mood.
Therefore, Chen Jiru, a writer, calligrapher and painter in the late Ming Dynasty, said:"Tea tasting, one person gets the spirit, two people get the fun, three people get the taste, and seven or eight people are the tea. ”
That is to say, tea tasting is expensive because there are few people and it is fine, and if there are more people, it will become a treat to drink tea, which does not meet the realm of tea tasting.
As for our Daming's method of drinking tea, it is actually similar to modern times.
And we have it tooTea houses, tea houses, ordinary people can also casually go to leisure consumption, drink tea and chat.
Drinking tea is mainly about taste, and drinking is mainly about grade, that is, it is dividedHigh-grade, low-grade, good wine, bad wine
Our Daming wine is divided into three grades, but it is not a simple high, medium and low grade, but each has its own good and its own name.
First of all, this is the first class, which is, of course, the wine for the emperor, that is, the imperial wine.
The imperial wine has the large inner wine made by the palace eunuchs according to the royal secret recipe, the inner wine made by Guanglu Temple according to the royal secret recipe, and the wine offered by the close ministers.
Ouchi sake and Neifa sake are the same sake, but the people who make them are different.
In the palace of our Ming Dynasty, there is a wine room dedicated to making wine for the emperor"Specializing in all kinds of liquor such as bamboo leaf green".
Then there are about "all kinds of wine" in the inner French wine. But what exactly?
Our Ming Gu Qiyuan said in his book "Guest Words":"What Ji Shengbi tasted, if the full hall of incense in the big house, the French wine in the big official."
Then, there is at least one kind of full hall incense in Ouchi wine, and this Mr. Gu said "Neifa wine" without saying the name, maybe there are other Ouchi wines and Neifa wines.
There is another Gu Qing, who is a Ming person, and he is thereIn the "Miscellaneous Records of the Autumn Pavilion", it is said that "the general name of the French wine is Changchun".
It seems to be thought that all internal French wines are called Changchun wine. However, this is probably not accurate, probably because he was mistaken.
The wine that the close ministers presented to the emperor had to be given a good name, or at least it should sound good.
For example, when Emperor Zhu Youxiao was in power, there was a relative of the emperor Wei Shiwang who often offered wine to the emperor, what kind of wine did he offer?
YesAutumn dew white, lotus stamen, bergamot soup, osmanthus (yùn, same brewing), chrysanthemum pulp, hibiscus liquid, orchid drink, golden pot dewand more than 50 kinds, all of which are extremely sweet.
The second class of this Ming wine is the wine brewed by the eunuchs and powerful people.
Such people are knowledgeable, people open a wine bureau, brew wine, and also have a good name, let's also tell you a few, that is:
Wang Xuchuang's "Zhenyi" wine, Xu Qidong's "Fengquan" wine, and Wulongtan Zhu's "lotus" wine
There are still twenty or thirty kinds of Wang Chengyu's "Luhua Qing" wine and Shi Fengming's "Wall Qing" wine, so we won't list them one by one.
Although "second-class wines" like "Zhenyi" and "Fengquan" were not presented to the emperor, it is estimated that they are not bad.
Because in fact, Wei Shiwang is also a powerful family of eunuchs, and if his family's wine is not offered to the emperor, it will be second-class.
Liang Qingyuan, who recorded the "Wei's offering of wine", said after writing down the name of the wine:
"After Shi Wang, he added a jade belt with the palace merit, which is really its brewing power. To this day, his family still has the name of the wine, and the Beijing master often gets rich profits. ”
You can know at least two things from here: Wei Shiwang was later promoted, in factThe merit of offering the sake of the royal sake
His imperial wine was actually a fine wine, and later he didn't have to go to the emperor to sell it in the market, making a lot of money.
It seems that it is not bad to be able to make wine, especially to make wine that can be dedicated to the emperor, and if it is stained with the word "royal", of course, it is worth a hundred times.
Of course, the wine of other eunuchs and powerful people may not be sold. The wine can still be passed on to the outside world, let alone their own home-brewed wine?
Folk wine, regardless of its quality or inferiority, is considered to be of the third class.
But there are still good wines among the people, and there are also famous wines in various places.
Gu Qiyuan remembered Mandian incense and Neifa wine, and he wrote more than a dozen kinds in one go, let's not copy them all, if you are interested, you can find them yourself"Guest Talk".Come and see.
Tea utensils are needed to drink tea, and there should be drinking utensils, so we can't help but talk about the utensils for tea and wine.
The utensils for drinking tea are too complicated. We modern people all know that there are "six gentlemen of the tea ceremony".That is, tea rules, tea needles, tea drains, tea tongs, teaspoons and tea tubes.
However, this is not the simplest and basic teapot, teacup, pay attention to the point but also have a fair cup, in addition to what tea table, tea sea, tea stove, tea cloth and so on.
So what utensils do we have to drink tea?
Mr. Gao Lian, who has written a monograph on tea, has a set of sayings, according to which he said that tea has "sixteen instruments".
Yes:"Shang Xiang, return to the clean, divide the profits, hand the fire, reduce the red, hold power, the group wind, the dust, the static boiling, the spring injection, the luck, the sweet blunt, the sipping incense, the clouds, the respect, the pollution. ”
These names are very ancient, mysterious and mysterious, I guess if we don't explain, you may not know what they are.
But we won't explain them all, just briefly say two - such as Shang Xiang is the stone ding of sencha,Guijie is the bamboo whisk for brushing the teapot, and the profit is the spoonIt is used to measure water, and the fire is a copper fire bucket to carry firewood and charcoal.
Leave some suspense for the rest, if you are interested, you can watch it"Zunsheng Eight Notes".
And these can all be put into the utensils - the utensils are a bamboo box, which is specially used to store tea sets.
There are seven kinds of storage utensils of the same kind as the utensils, such as the "Kujiejun" for decoction tea, the Wufu for holding charcoal, and the Pinsi for storing tea.
As for the teapot and teacup, Mr. Gao did not say it here, but said in the "selection of products":
Tea Cho (diào), tea bottle, magnetic sand is the top, followed by copper and tin. The magnetic pot is filled with tea, the sand cho boiled water is the top, the copper kettle is poured with tea, and the tin cho boiled water is second. ”
And he said:"The tea cup is the most Xuan kiln altar, the quality is thick and white, and the style is ancient. There are waiting for the Xuan kiln, printed white ou, the style is in the middle, and it is as bright as jade.
The second is Jiayao, and the tea word in the heart is beautiful. If you want to try the brown yellow and white, you can't let the blue and white flowers be messy. ”
It turns out that it is best to use sand cho for boiling water, that is, a clay clay pot, and the tin is worse, while the best way to brew tea is a magnetic kettle, that is, a porcelain kettle, and a copper kettle is worse.
He also proposed that there is a kind of altar in the Xuande kiln, which is the best tea cupAnother printed white teacup is second, and again it is a small cup with the word "tea" in the Jiajing kiln.
Why? Because it depends on whether the brown is yellow or white, how can you use the colored porcelain of blue and white porcelain to disturb it?
As for drinking utensils, that's also very complicated.
But we don't want to say more, just briefly talk about the wine glass, Gao Lian said after the paragraph about the tea cup just now:"The same is true for wine, only pure white utensils are the best products, and the rest is not taken. ”
It seems that he thinks the wine glass should be white as well.
But there are many types of glass materials for our Ming drinking glass, whatGold, silver, copper, pottery, porcelain, even conch shells and coconut shells are available, but they may not all be pure white.
And our Ming culture people prefer jade cups,Jade is a gentleman's vesselHm.
There is nothing wrong with the words of cultural people.
With the help of tea and wine culture, they express their insights and thoughts on human feelings, as well as their thinking and pursuit of life philosophy.