Abstract:Digital twin technology brings the concept of industrial metaverse into people's field of vision, and the application of digital twin technology in smart grid can realize the stable operation, all-round perception and network connection of power grid construction, and with the help of digital twin technology, the projection of the physical state of smart grid to virtual space can be completed, and the development and transformation of smart grid construction and management mode can be promoted. Based on this, this paper takes digital twin technology as the starting point, analyzes the connotation, framework, and operation mode of the smart grid under the digital twin technology, and combines all aspects of the application of digital twin technology in the smart grid.
Keywords: digital twin technology; smart grids; Digital information technology.
Introduction
In the context of the rapid development of digital economy and technology, the control of smart grid is also facing deep digital and intelligent requirements, and the need to comprehensively monitor the operation status of smart grid is becoming more and more urgent. The emergence of digital twin technology has created a possibility to meet this demand, and its application has promoted the construction of smart grids and the digital development of energy enterprises to a certain extent.
1 Overview of digital twin technology
Digital twin technology is a new technology based on digital information technology, from a relatively simple point of view, it can be regarded as a digital model built for specific engineering content or other realistic content, the model can perfectly project all the state, parameters, operating status and other contents of the real object, and also support the preload of input instructions to judge the different conditions that will occur in the real object in the future under specific conditions. It can be seen that digital twin technology has real-time perception, diagnosis, and a certain degree of advanced functions, and the impact of this function on the evolution, improvement, and development of things is difficult to predict [1]. In addition, the physical objects that can be simulated by digital twin technology depend on the capacity of the server, sensor performance and quantity, etc., so if the problem of server capacity and sensor perception range and depth can be solved theoretically, the digital twin technology can fully map the real world in the virtual space at a 1:1 scale. It is precisely because of this potential that digital twin technology has a significance and value that cannot be ignored in the further development and improvement of today's society.
2 Smart Grid under Digital Twin Technology
2.1 Connotation.
The smart grid under the digital twin technology includes both the physical power grid at the physical level and the virtual power grid in the digital world, and the two contents existing in different dimensions are essentially coexisting and intertwined, in which the virtual power grid will completely restore all aspects of the physical power grid and related parameters, so as to obtain the data and case support of the physical power grid control through the observation and adjustment of the virtual power grid [2]. In this process, other digital information technology can be applied to assist, so that the smart grid can form deep learning capabilities in the process of continuous independent optimization, so that the smart grid can derive a development model that can be detected, improved and optimized by itself, and gradually establish the ability of self-operation and management.
2.2 Frames.
The smart grid under the digital twin technology consists of a complete framework of intelligent infrastructure, intelligent information hub and intelligent application scenarios and operates effectively. For example, intelligent infrastructure is usually based on cloud, network, and terminal, and is mainly responsible for data transmission, collaborative intelligent computing, and intelligent interaction functions, which is of great significance for connecting virtual power grids and physical power grids. The intelligent information center can be regarded as the brain of the digital twin smart grid, including the management and control layer, the data aggregation layer, the twin model layer and the application empowerment layer, and has many functions such as equipment management, resource control, digital model generation and control, calculation and analysis, simulation, etc., which is the key to the state analysis of the physical power grid and the operation of the virtual power grid; The smart application scenario is responsible for connecting the smart grid with the management personnel, including the equipment layer, the power grid layer, the business layer and the operation management layer, mainly providing functional support for the operation and practical management of the digital twin smart grid.
2.3 Operating Modes.
The digital twin smart grid realizes a high degree of integration including perception, monitoring, management, scheduling, service, etc., and this integration exists between the physical power grid and the virtual power grid at the same time, so the whole system has the characteristics of virtual and real integration, and its content complexity is high, and the overall operation mode is shown in Figure 1.
In order to make the digital twin smart grid operate normally, it is first necessary to form a digital logo in the physical power grid, and the logo should have the characteristics of global coverage, so as to create conditions for the accurate matching of all aspects of information between the virtual power grid and the physical power grid, and ensure the normal operation of subsequent connection and control operations. Therefore, the physical power grid needs to be equipped with an intelligent perception and monitoring system to realize the accurate collection of equipment operation data, power grid operation parameters, personnel operation behaviors and management methods, and complete the effective transmission of all aspects of data between the two power grids with the help of digital twin link. Among them, the global full data resource system is the key to building a digital twin smart grid, and the digital twin model with real-time mapping function is the core of the digital twin smart grid.
3 The application of digital twin technology in smart grids
The application of digital twin technology in smart grid needs to be analyzed in combination with different stages and application layers of smart grid, and each stage has its specific role and application content, as shown in Table 1.
3.1 Application at the smart grid device layer.
The application of digital twin technology at the equipment layer is completely based on the two technologies of refined digital modeling and integrated digital modeling, and the corresponding digital twin model of the smart grid is built based on these two technologies, and its value lies in accurately projecting the real-time status and information of the physical physical equipment of the power grid to the digital twin model, so as to realize the visualization of the equipment status.
1) Realize the friendly interaction of the equipment on-site and remote, this application takes into account the differences in the on-site interaction scene, and establishes a special intelligent IoT terminal based on radio frequency identification technology, ** and other physical coding and labeling technology, so as to ensure that the physical equipment and the different structures and data in the model correspond one-to-one, and at the same time, it can also realize the perception and detection of the relevant data of all elements of the equipment. In this case, only the digital twin needs to be accessed, and the physical smart grid operation data can be obtained from the remote end, and then the actual operation status of the grid and other relevant information can be determined [3]. The application also supports equipment autonomous defect diagnosis and fault warning, and after matching the corresponding driver, the digital twin model supports the function of synchronous operation with the physical equipment, so that the equipment operation status assessment and fault ** can be carried out, and the iterative optimization of model data is continuously carried out to provide data support for the formulation of subsequent operation and maintenance strategies.
2) It is applied to the whole life cycle management of equipment. After completing the refined digital twin model of smart grid equipment, it is necessary to input massive data related to smart grid into the digital twin model, and record the equipment data content in real time in a multi-dimensional way by classifying, slicing, layering, and sorting the data. On this basis, the integration of big data analysis technology and AI learning algorithms, etc., can be analyzed for the data of the historical operation status and real-time operation status of the equipment, and then to a certain extent, the future operation of the equipment, and combined with the physical coding and labeling technology to carry out intelligent management of the structure and equipment in the smart grid throughout the life cycle. The application of digital twin technology at the equipment layer can greatly improve the accuracy and effectiveness of equipment status assessment, realize the transformation of operation and maintenance work from preventive to high-quality, reduce unnecessary on-site operations, and improve the accuracy of equipment status assessment and fault diagnosis.
3.2 Applications at the grid level of smart grids.
The application of digital twin technology at the power grid layer can provide guidance for the analysis and decision-making of the power grid, and guide the power grid to achieve independent planning.
1) Provide personalized support for the risk assessment of power grid operation. There are certain differences in the performance of each equipment and component in the operation reliability of the smart grid, so after collecting its specific data and entering the digital twin model, the iterative optimization and rolling of the model can be realized by applying artificial intelligence algorithms, and at the same time, cluster analysis or other analysis methods are used to analyze the historical data and future data in the model, and the analysis results and treatment measures are fed back to the physical power grid, so as to realize the funding risk assessment of smart grid lines and equipment. Provide data support for the planned management of the power grid.
2) Optimize power grid dispatching operations. Compared with the traditional grid automation scheduling, the optimization brought by the digital twin technology increases the consideration of the operation status and related factors of the power grid equipment, and feeds them into the smart grid digital twin model by fusing the equipment operation status parameters, environmental parameters and other real-time data. With the help of artificial intelligence algorithms, machine learning algorithms, etc., the dispatching model is iteratively optimized, so as to improve the operation status of the smart grid at specific points in time in the future, and improve the understanding of the power grid operation status and the effectiveness of decision-making by the dispatching management department [4].
3.3 Application at the smart grid service layer.
The smart grid model built based on digital twin technology realizes the interoperability and sharing of data and visual interaction, and the digital model supports the application of smart grid infrastructure, equipment management, safety supervision, scheduling, marketing and many other departments, so as to realize the business collaboration and data exchange of various business departments.
1) Apply digital twin technology to batch service processing in distribution station area. With the support of physical ID coding and labeling technology, artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, the digital smart grid model built by digital twin technology can make all aspects of data have highly unified characteristics, and also ensure that the data supports large-scale editable operations, which means that all business departments in the entire distribution station area can selectively apply the data in the digital twin model according to their own business needs, and then provide business support for the subsequent construction and improvement of the distribution station area. For example, the safety supervision department can access the digital twin model of the station area to carry out the safety control and fault handling of the whole life cycle of the smart grid; The infrastructure sector can add other elements to the existing digital twin, and at the same time promote the construction of physical smart grids and digital twins [5].
2) Provide support for transportation and inspection business. The digital twin model of the smart grid can provide functional support for the fault warning and remote operation and maintenance of the physical smart grid after combining the equipment on-site and remote friendly interaction, equipment autonomous defect diagnosis and fault early warning application, and the simulation of equipment installation safety operation can also be realized in the digital twin model, and this part of the content is presented to the operation and maintenance staff in a visual way, by matching the specific location and requirements of the installation safety operation, and giving early warning for illegal operations. In order to provide specific content and safety control requirements for the operation inspection business, and ensure the safe and normal operation and inspection.
3.4 Application in the smart grid operation management layer (transmission management).
The digital twin model has the functions of independent evaluation of equipment status and full life cycle management, which can refer to the current operation status and parameters of specific equipment in the smart grid, and put forward targeted control suggestions for transmission, transformation and distribution, so as to provide high-precision planning reference for the procurement, optimization, construction, management, operation and maintenance of power transmission, transformation and distribution equipment in the smart grid. Its iterative optimization and future state of equipment can guide operation and maintenance personnel to evaluate the performance and status of power grid equipment, and give specific transmission and distribution control strategies and methods based on the operation status of smart grid and the stage in the whole life cycle, so as to help power enterprises realize lean management of transmission, transformation and distribution in the operation process. In addition, the digital twin model can also carry out clustered autonomous fault diagnosis and *** of equipment, report the operational risks faced by the power grid and equipment in real time, and thus form a corresponding risk independent diagnosis and early warning mode, thereby avoiding the adverse impact of other factors on the smart grid, reducing the risks faced by enterprises in the operation of the smart grid, and providing a reliable guarantee for the stable transmission operation of the smart grid [6].
4 Concluding remarks
Digital twin technology shows unique advancement and scientificity because of its visual three-dimensional model and the synchronous connection between virtual and reality, so it can act on the design, construction, management, operation and maintenance of smart grid, and make the specific work show a higher level of digitalization and intelligence. With the development of society, the application of digital twin technology in smart grid will obviously become the mainstream trend, which will provide more complete functional support for the country's modernization and social construction.
*Wanfang data, author Zhu Zhenwei, Li Tianxuan, if there is infringement, please contact to delete.
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