The rise of domestic new energy vehicles is full of crises The domestic production rate of automotive chips is less than 10
The rise of new energy vehicles and the chip crisis.
Due to the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the demand for chips is also increasing exponentially. A conventional new energy vehicle costs about 2,000 chips, and a smarter model may cost 3,000. With the development of vehicles in the direction of intelligence, the demand for chips in vehicles is increasing, and the demand for chips is also increasing. China is the world's largest producer, sales and exporter of automobiles, and the number of cars in China has exceeded 20 million, with a penetration rate of more than 40%, and it is still developing rapidly.
However, the localization of China's automotive power chips is less than 10%, and more than 90% of the chips have to rely on imports, which poses a great threat to the development of China's new energy vehicle industry.
According to ICINSIGHTS, China achieved about 5% localization in 2021, compared to 7% in 2022 and 10% in 2023. Even if a new energy vehicle only needs about 2,000 chips, China has more than 20 million new energy vehicles, and the total demand will reach 40 billion, and 90% of this number of chips still rely on imports, that is, 36 billion. Although in recent years, many semiconductor companies in China have been involved in semiconductor chips for automobiles, but most of them are still some non-core small pieces, such as grid control, wipers, T-boxMCU and car lights. As for the automotive industry that can attract the attention of vehicle manufacturers, there is no complete automotive industry in China. As for unmanned driving and intelligent cockpit chips, they belong to the relatively scarce category in the automotive industry, after all, the demand for the automotive industry is not as great as that of automotive-grade MCUs. So, why are advanced integrated circuits in automobiles so hard to come by?
First of all, the automobile uses advanced automotive special integrated circuits, which have to go through years of accumulation in terms of performance safety, information security, quality management, etc., and must also be supported by large automobile manufacturers and tier 1 2 suppliers. In addition, the system also needs to pass a variety of authentication to meet the needs of different models, and also needs to be matched with other chips to achieve real-time calibration of the whole vehicle and test bench, as well as a variety of communication bus interfaces for a variety of communication buses. And all this is not an overnight effort, but it has to be accumulated over time. In addition, the industry giants have set up some barriers in terms of agreements, patents and technologies to avoid latecomers chasing them, which makes it difficult for emerging companies to achieve large-scale production and establish a complete ** chain in the short term.
Therefore, although the development momentum of China's new energy vehicles is very strong, if the supply problem of chips is not solved as soon as possible, it will inevitably affect the development of new energy vehicles in China. To solve this problem, it is not only necessary to rely on domestic chip manufacturers to make new breakthroughs in their own technology and capabilities, but also to have the strong support of local car companies. In order to completely get rid of foreign dependence, reduce imports, and ensure the healthy development of China's new energy vehicle industry.
The development status and existing problems of China's integrated circuit industry.
At present, although there are manufacturers involved in automotive integrated circuits in the domestic semiconductor industry, most of them are still limited to low-end products such as door control, wipers, T-boxMCUs, and car lights. The technical barriers to the industry are relatively low, easy to understand, and the scale of the industry is not large, and there is not much competition. In order to seize a larger market, many semiconductor companies have set their sights on one of them. However, at present, China's advanced integrated circuits in terms of high performance and high stability for vehicles are still in their infancy.
Domestic semiconductor companies are facing great difficulties and challenges if they want to enter the high-end market. First of all, it is necessary to have sufficient technical force and rich work experience to adapt to the demanding needs of functional safety and information security. In order to build a solid chain, it is necessary to form long-term partnerships with major car companies, Tier 1 and 2 manufacturers to jointly carry out new technology research and product certification. On the other hand, in the global semiconductor industry, the competition in the semiconductor industry is very fierce, in terms of technology and patents, large multinational companies occupy huge technology and patents, but also set up some barriers, restricting the development of latecomers. Therefore, for domestic chip manufacturers, it is not easy to enter the automotive industry, and it takes a lot of effort.
At the same time, there are also many institutional problems in China's integrated circuit industry. In recent years, with the continuous development of China's integrated circuit industry, China has a big gap with the world's advanced level in various fields such as R&D investment, technical reserves, and market share. In addition, due to some unbalanced problems in China's chip industry, China's integrated circuit industry system has not formed a complete system, which restricts the comprehensive competitiveness and production capacity of China's integrated circuit industry.
Countermeasures and prospects for chip supply difficulties.
At present, the localization rate of China's automotive power chips is not high, and it is urgent to require China and China's semiconductor companies to work together to fundamentally alleviate the shortage of China's automotive power chips as soon as possible and promote the rapid development of China's semiconductor industry. Specifically, the following measures can be taken:
First of all, in the automotive industry, it is necessary to strengthen the research and development of the automotive industry, focus on core technologies, and improve their quality and technological standards. At the same time, it is also necessary to strengthen collaboration and communication with automobile manufacturers, Tier 1 2 and other manufacturers, determine the research direction, and improve their adaptability and compatibility.
Second, car companies should provide more support and opportunities for local semiconductor manufacturers, and encourage them to enter the field of high-end chips and increase their ability to purchase and use domestic chips. Through the cooperation with semiconductor manufacturers, we can not only better realize our own research and development needs, but also create opportunities and platforms for local semiconductor manufacturers.
In addition, the relevant departments should also strengthen support and formulate more preferential policies and measures to promote the development of the semiconductor industry. For example, more funding will be given to research and development, more tax incentives will be given, and semiconductor companies will be encouraged to increase investment in science and technology and strengthen product innovation. On this basis, it is necessary to intensify foreign exchanges and actively introduce advanced foreign science and technology and funds to enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of China's integrated circuit industry.
On this basis, this paper puts forward the countermeasures for the development of China's integrated circuit industry. If companies want to survive in this increasingly fierce market, they must have continuous development and innovation. On this basis, exchanges and exchanges with overseas technology companies should be increased, international advanced technology and experience should be introduced, and the research and development strength and industrial chain level of China's semiconductor manufacturing enterprises should be improved.
In short, in order to fundamentally solve the supply problem of new energy vehicles, in addition to national-level support and policy guidance, we must also rely on the cooperation between domestic chips and vehicle manufacturers. By increasing R&D investment, strengthening cooperation and exchanges, we will provide support and support for China's semiconductor industry, promote the rapid development of China's semiconductor industry, improve the self-sufficiency rate of high-end chips with domestic specifications, and ensure the healthy development of China's new energy vehicle industry.