What is the purpose of education?Each era and each person may have different answers, and there are currently three influential views: one is the individual-oriented theory represented by Rousseau, Froebel, Pestalozzi, etc., emphasizing that the value of the individual is higher than the value of society, and the purpose of education is formulated according to the needs of the individual. The second is the social standard represented by Kaischensteiner and Tolp, emphasizing that education is to meet the needs of society. Third, Marx's theory of all-round development emphasizes that human development and social development are mutually reinforcing.
The purpose of education affects the organization of education and can even lead to different educational problems and ills. Zhu Qingshi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and former president of the University of Science and Technology of China and the founding president of the Southern University of Science and Technology, bluntly said in an interview that the malaise of Chinese education lies in the selection of talents, not in the cultivation of talents. In other words, the purpose of education in our country is not to cultivate talents, but to select talents.
Academician Zhu Qingshi believes that if the purpose of education is to select talents, then it means that a person's status and wealth are determined by education, and the distribution of resources and positions is also determined by education.
Academician Zhu Qingshi said that education should not be linked to fairness, fairness is the responsibility of society, and the purpose of education should be to cultivate people. Academician Zhu Qingshi called for a distinction between the selection of talents and the cultivation of talents, and that what education should do is to cultivate talents and cultivate people's diversified abilities.
In China, the college entrance examination system of "one examination for life" is the best commentary on the purpose of education to select talents rather than to cultivate talents. Although the college entrance examination is considered to be the fairest education system at present, in this case, everyone pays too much attention to students' test scores, which not only brings excessive learning burden to children's growth, but also ignores the cultivation of students' academic literacy, innovation ability, practical ability, survival ability, moral cultivation and personal interests.
If the purpose of education becomes the selection of talents, there will be many problems. For example, cheating in exams has been repeatedly bannedFor example, in order to improve students' test scores, teachers and parents continue to squeeze students' time, increase students' learning burden, and have a negative impact on students' physical and mental healthAnother example is that high-quality educational resources will continue to be concentrated in developed regions and cities, and the balanced development of education has been greatly challenged.
To solve this problem, Academician Zhu Qingshi put forward three suggestions: First, change the concept of education, so that education can return to the role of cultivating people rather than selecting talents; The second is not to pursue high scores excessively, but to allow students to have more time to practice, cultivate students' ability to find problems, solve problems and implement their own ideas in practice, and pay attention to cultivating students' exploration ability and innovation ability; The third is to give young people the opportunity to try and make mistakes, and not to overprotect young people, because if you want to become a top talent, you have to accept the ordeal.
Indeed, our education focuses too much on selecting talents rather than cultivating them, and this has led to many problems. However, it is difficult to change this situation, because how to ensure equity in education is a matter of consideration, and the current system, although controversial, is considered to be the fairest. Of course, the pace of education reform will not fall, and one day education will return to the essence of cultivating people.
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