Labor Class
Taking "Song of Rice Planting" as an example, we talk about the penetration of labor education in the Chinese classroom.
Abstract:It is an important part of education to enable students to establish a correct outlook on labor, understand the meaning of labor, and develop good labor habits. The forms of labor education should be diversified, and they can completely penetrate into the teaching of various disciplines, especially the language subjects, which have always emphasized the "integration of literature and Taoism." This paper takes the teaching of "Rice Planting Song" as an example to explore the way to carry out labor education with subject characteristics for students in the Chinese classroom.
Keywords: rice planting song; language classes; Labor education.
At the National Education Conference, it was stressed: "It is necessary to carry forward the spirit of labor among students, educate and guide students to advocate and respect labor, understand the truth that labor is the most glorious, the most noble, the greatest and the most beautiful work, and be able to work hard, honestly and creatively when they grow up." In July 2020, the Ministry of Education issued the "Guiding Outline for Labor Education in Universities, Primary and Secondary Schools (Trial)", and proposed to organically infiltrate labor education in disciplines. Undoubtedly, elevating labor education to an important part of school education and cultivating students' labor consciousness, labor spirit, and labor literacy from an early age has become the only way to realize the social value of school education and cultivate high-quality talents.
To this end, the methods and ways of infiltrating labor education in classroom teaching have very important practical significance and social value, and they are also the educational mission given by teachers in the new era. However, the current high school Chinese textbooks edited by the ministry have already infiltrated the spirit of labor. For example, the selected works in the second unit of the first volume of the compulsory course either report the outstanding deeds of outstanding workers, or advocate the practice of the spirit of craftsmen, or sing the beauty and joy, hard work and tenacity of labor, highlighting the great significance of labor from different angles, and reflecting the inheritance and development of the spirit of labor. How can the Chinese classroom actively infiltrate and effectively implement labor education with subject characteristics, and then internalize the correct and healthy labor values into students' character quality? This paper takes the teaching of "Rice Planting Song" as an example to illustrate and present the exploration and attempt to carry out labor education with the characteristics of Chinese discipline through the normal classroom as the main channel.
1. Recite the song of labor and realize the beauty of poetry.
The ancients said: "Books are not exhaustive, words are exhaustive." "Words are not enough, so there is a song. Recitation is the living form of ancient Chinese poetry. The mentality, mood, and artistic conception of the ancients can only be approached and experienced best by reciting them with affection. Strengthening the recitation of poems can help students deeply understand their spiritual connotation and aesthetic charm. When reciting, teachers should pay attention to guiding students to release their passion, read aloud and read freely, so that the feelings of poetry and songs can rush to their hearts.
The teacher first used PPT to show the full text of "Song of Rice Planting" and identified key words such as "鍪", "霎", "莳" and "匝" to quickly remove the pronunciation barrier. Then, students are instructed to recite in an orderly manner, imagine themselves as "rice planters", and seriously understand the labor situation and the beauty of poetry.
The first time I recited, although the pronunciation barrier was cleared, the voice was messy and lacked emotion. ）
Teacher: Listening to what you just recited, I feel that you are not working, but grinding foreign workers. Since we are planting rice and labor, how can we do it without passion? Let's recite it aloud, as if we were planting seedlings and shouting the trumpet of labor at the same time!
The teacher showed the rhythm of the whole poem and added that the recitation rhythm of the seven-character poem usually has the following types: first, it can be divided into "four three" according to the meaning, such as "the apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying"; Second, according to the rhythm, it can be divided into "two-two-two-one" or "two-two-one-two", such as "the spring breeze does not pass the jade gate" and "life has not died since ancient times". ）
Sheng (read together): the field husband throws the seedlings, the field woman picks up, the child pulls the seedlings, and the big child inserts. The hat is the scarf, the lily is the armor, and the rain is wet from the head to the gill. Calling the canal to eat for a while, bowing his head and bending his waist, he didn't answer. The seedlings are not firmly rooted, and the geese and ducklings are taken care of.
The recitation was neater than the last, and the rhythm of labor was roughly read, but it seemed stiff and weak. ）
Teacher: Students, our passion for reciting poetry should be like the passion for the labor of a rice planter. The farmer throws the seedlings and the field women pick them up, and the children pull the seedlings and the children plant them. (imitating the student's recitation in a lazy and weak voice) I feel that the rice planter's family is about to fall asleep. It is necessary to read out the strength and emotions contained in actions such as "throwing", "catching", "pulling" and "inserting". Resume.
The third recitation of the student has some strength. ）
Teacher: There has been progress this time, but it is not enough. Let's PK and release your feelings to see which group reads more emotionally. ）
The fourth recitation was born. The class was divided into two groups, left and right, and the two sides competed in recitation, and the classroom atmosphere was very warm. ）
Teacher: What did you read out of this poem?
Student 1: I felt the "beauty of rhythm". The rhythm of the whole poem is very distinct, especially the first two sentences, which vividly express the busyness of the whole family planting rice through the dense sentence rhythm, dense subject and verb transformation.
Student 2: I felt the "beauty of the picture". The poems have both scene descriptions and detailed descriptions, which are full of pictures.
Student 3: I felt the "beauty of the technique". The third sentence compares the hat on the farmer's head to a helmet, and the coat he wears to an iron armor, which makes people feel very chic, as if the farmer is not working, but engaged in a tense battle.
Student 4: I felt the "emotional beauty". The poet describes the busyness of the farmer planting rice and expresses his praise and sympathy for the farmer. Yang Wanli, as a **, narrates the work in the fields and praises the working people, reflecting his humanistic feelings for the people.
2. Analyze key words and sentences to reproduce labor scenes.
First of all, the screening of ** "The Life of Rice" (photo by Li Ziqi) will help students understand the selection, seedling, transplanting, drainage (water replenishment), fertilization, insecticide and harvesting of rice planting, and at the same time educate students to "save food, starting from cherishing every grain of rice".
Teacher: Now that we have learned about the basic steps of rice planting, let's grasp the content of "Song of Rice Planting". In the spring of the sixth year of Chunxi (1179), Yang Wanli's term of office in Changzhou expired, and he returned to his hometown Jishui in the west; Passing through Quzhou (present-day Quzhou City, Zhejiang), the poet witnessed the hard work of a farmer's rice planting during the busy season of the farmland, and wrote the poem. This poem captures life scenes directly from real life, which is not only natural, but also fresh and funny, and full of life interest. Think about it: What scenes are specifically described in the poem?
Sheng1: It describes five scenes: throwing seedlings and receiving seedlings, pulling and transplanting seedlings, planting seedlings in the rain, calling for breakfast, and the farmer's response.
Teacher: What is the function of the poet using the four verbs "throw", "connect", "pull" and "insert" in the first couplet?
Student 2: I think this can outline a tense and busy labor scene: the whole family goes out together, divides labor and cooperates, and each does his best: pulling seedlings is light, and the younger son does it; The seedlings are also light, and the field women are dry; In comparison, the work of throwing and transplanting rice is heavy, and the farmer and the eldest child do it. As the agricultural proverb goes, "don't miss the agricultural time", and rice planting is related to the quality of the harvest. Even women and children joined the procession, which shows that the time is short.
Teacher: Do you have anything to add?
Sheng2: These four words can also accurately portray the tacit understanding and attentive demeanor of the whole family, and then show the quality of the rice planter.
Teacher: What kind of quality is it exactly?
Student 2: The main thing is hard work.
Teacher: Yes, these words are used accurately and expressively, and the quality of the characters can be seen from them. However, there is also the issue of "refining words" in poetry. The analysis of the refined "word" is usually carried out in three steps: the first step is to explain the meaning of the word in the sentence; The second step is to put the word into the original sentence to expand the association to describe the scene; The third step is to point out what kind of artistic conception the word constitutes or what kind of emotion it expresses, or what kind of expression effect it has (point out the expression technique). Now, please follow the above steps to try to analyze the beauty of the four verbs in this sentence and write them in a standardized manner. (The purpose of this activity is to train students' ability to standardize written responses.) After the students are completed, they can compare and correct the examples presented by the teacher. ）
Example] The words "throwing", "catching", "pulling" and "inserting" are all a series of actions (explaining the meaning) when planting seedlings, outlining a tense and busy labor scene: the whole family sets out together, each doing their best, and cooperating tacitly. The four verbs accurately depict the farmer's family busy planting rice and paying full attention, and express the busy and toiling life of the working people. (Highlight Effect).
Teacher: As the saying goes, the beauty of a bird lies in its feathers, and the beauty of a person lies in its diligence. Diligence is one of the most valuable qualities of a person. We should also cultivate our own hard-working qualities from an early age and establish a correct outlook on labor. Of course, labor is valuable, but it is also hard. Which line of the poem can be seen directly?
Sheng3: I think it's "the rain gets wet from the head to the gills". The farmer planted rice in the rain, and his head and body were drenched with rainwater.
Teacher: Before writing about the close-up of the farmer getting soaked, the poet also mentioned his dress, a hat on his head and a cloak on his head. What kind of rhetorical device is used in the sentence "笠是獪蓑是甲"?
B. 4: It's a metaphor. Compare the hat to the hood, that is, the helmet worn by ancient warriors, and compare the hat to the armor.
Teacher: Bandages and armor are the garments of warriors, and what kind of expression effect do they have when they are used as a metaphor for the peasant's wear?
Sheng5: Shawls and armor can resist the damage of knives, arrows, etc., and they are used as a metaphor for the hat and the lily worn by the farmer, which can highlight the denseness, urgency, and greatness of the rain, otherwise, it will not flow from the head into the neck and wet the shoulders.
Sheng6: This is also full of the smell of gunpowder, which can imply that the snatching of rice seedlings is like a tense and fierce battle, and the farmer is like a brave warrior, who is not afraid of wind and rain.
Teacher: In Bai Juyi's "Watching the Wheat", there is a sentence "I don't know the heat when I do my best, but I cherish the long summer", which expresses the psychology of the peasants who work selflessly when they seize the farm. Which sentence in "The Song of Rice Planting" can convey a similar meaning?
Sheng6: I think it's "calling the canal to take a break from the meal for a while, bowing his head and bending his waist but not answering". The family called the farmer to eat breakfast and rest, but as if he had not heard, he went on with his work, without raising his head or answering a word.
Teacher: Please think about it carefully, what should be the meaning of "just not answering"?
Student 7: "Not answering" should be answered, not asked. His family told him to "take a break from dinner", and he replied that "the seedlings are not firmly rooted, and the geese and ducklings are not taken care of".
Teacher: How do you understand the "answer" instead of "answering" here?
Sheng8: "Just not answering" here does not mean not saying a word, but not directly answering "rest" or not "resting", or putting all your thoughts on planting seedlings. In fact, as he worked, he answered the reason why he couldn't "rest for a while": the roots of the seedlings were not yet firm and had not yet been planted, and he had to beware of geese and ducklings destroying the seedlings, so how could he have time for breakfast and rest? It is really busy and busy, so as to show all the hardships and toils of the laborers.
Teacher: When the family calls the farmer for breakfast, it is enough to see how early he left to plant the seedlings, but he takes advantage of the breakfast break to rest for a while, but he is "indifferent" and even "does not answer".
3. Cultivate the wisdom of speculation and cast the soul of labor.
The ancients said: The people's livelihood is diligent, and diligence is not scarce. Labor is both a source of wealth and a source of happiness. Poems such as "Song of Rice Planting" contain the feelings of the ancients who loved and respected labor. This is a valuable spiritual treasure.
On the basis of the students' in-depth understanding of the Song of Rice Planting, the author then leads the teaching process to deep speculation. One of the important reasons why some students despise labor and are unwilling to participate in labor is that they have not developed good labor habits, have not cultivated the spirit of enduring hardships and standing hard work, and have not established a correct outlook on labor. In this sense, the spirit of "singing and singing" is very worthy of learning from students in the new era. Bear hardships and stand hard work, and be happy in hardship, is a kind of spiritual character and life feelings. This is also the labor consciousness and thinking quality that students should form after learning "The Song of Rice Planting".
Teacher: Rice planting is a very hard farm work, and in the eyes of poets, the yellow seedlings fall into poems, and those green and verdant seedlings are the poems written by farmers who bow to the soil and sweat as ink, and are still sung in Tang and Song poems. They are long, short, and mediocre, exuding the original smell of slash-and-burn farming. For example, Liu Xueji in the Song Dynasty also made a "Song of Rice Planting" (show ppt):
The farmer is clear and broad, and the rice seedlings are hairy and stone-haired.
Fathers and sons called for their hands to pull together, and thousands of roots were connected to mud.
The fourth watch took the moon and the moon was long, and the smoke gradually dispersed in the east.
When I returned, I had a good meal, and I sweated like beads in the field.
Squatting and planting into the business, from time to time morning and noon.
The skin is peeled and the flesh is peeled, and the scorching sun is cloudy and stormy.
The autumn harvest is fortunate to be a little richer, and the valley has no money and heavy private debts.
hurriedly changed the official endowment, and the frost, snow and ice were sad about the poor winter.
Calling for the four people to be between the world and the world, it is difficult to serve the fields.
Sending a message to sit in the West, you are not ashamed of my cheekiness.
Think: What is the difference between this poem and Yang Wanli's "Song of Rice Planting"?
Sheng1: This poem not only writes about the hard work of the farmer who gets up early to pull seedlings, sweats and carries the seedlings, and is busy planting seedlings under the scorching sun or wind and rain, but also writes about the farmer's difficult fate to get rid of even in a good harvest year.
Sheng2: In this poem, the poet expresses his sympathy for the farmer's tragic plight, and the compassion that overflows between the lines is even stronger.
Teacher: In comparison, what does Yang Wanli's "Song of Rice Planting" focus on?
Sheng3: Yang Wanli's "Song of Rice Planting" selects the scene of daily labor, depicting the tense life of a family of four who take advantage of the rain to plant rice during the agricultural season. The poems show the hardships of peasant life and the busyness of farming, and focus more on revealing their hard-working spirit.
Teacher: Originally, in the textbook compiled by the Internet Transmission Department, which was compiled together with "Qiaojiao", was Su Zhe's "Wen's Grandson Enters the Village to Harvest Wheat". The title of this poem is wheat harvesting, but it does not describe the labor process in a positive way, but more about the gratitude of the elderly, which does not quite fit the theme of Unit 2, which may be the reason why it was replaced. And "Song of Rice Planting" and "Rice Plantation" are arranged together, and they have their own characteristics. "Picking and picking cocoon, there are thin words", picking cocoon, this action is relatively easy, and the fruits of labor can be harvested immediately. But this is not the case with all labor, and it is often a difficult and long process to obtain the fruits of labor. From the perspective of labor, what inspiration can you get from "Song of Rice Planting"?
Student 4: I don't think we should be afraid of harsh environments when we work. Wind and rain, scorching sun baking, these are what farmers must face, and other labor often faces various difficulties, not all office workers are as glamorous as we see in some film and television dramas. In any case, we must not run away from the difficult conditions, and the more difficult it is, the more we must move forward.
Student 5: I think labor should have a sense of time. When a farmer cultivates, the land is mistaken for a while, and the land is mistaken for a year, so it is often "done before the sun rises, and the sun sets before it rests". Modern people can't all have the comfort of 9 to 5, to do a good job, it takes time and energy to invest, "white plus black", "996" and "5+2" are the norm for some people. No matter how much hard work, how much will be rewarded. If it is voluntary, making full use of time is also a gesture of struggle. This is what the legendary high school party should look like. (laughter).
Student 6: I think that work should be down-to-earth and highly focused. In ancient and modern times, all those who have made outstanding achievements in all walks of life often have the qualities of dedication, excellence, meticulousness, and the pursuit of excellence. In today's terms, it should be called "craftsman spirit".
Teacher: The Swiss composer Arthur Oneg once said: Labor and human beings are like the trunk and branches of a tree are connected, and the branches that break away from the trunk will soon die. This sentence tells us that labor and human beings are inseparable, without labor there would be no human today, and without labor there can be no future for human beings. As the saying goes, "how can you sweep the world if you don't sweep a house", loving labor is an important embodiment of a person's good morals and quality. As middle school students, you should not only study seriously, enrich your own knowledge, and improve your self-ability, but also cultivate labor feelings, develop labor habits, cherish the fruits of labor, improve and develop yourself, and strive to be a socialist builder and person with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, beauty and labor.